0
March 11, 1988, Vol 259, No. 10 >
ARTICLE | March 11, 1988

Body Mass Index and Mortality Among Nonsmoking Older Persons: Title and subTitle BreakThe Framingham Heart Study FREE

Tamara Harris, MD, MS; E. Francis Cook, ScD; Robert Garrison, MS; Millicent Higgins, MD, DrPH; William Kannel, MD, MPH; Lee Goldman, MD, MPH
[+] Author Affiliations

Reprint requests to the Office of Analysis and Epidemiology Program, National Center for Health Statistics, 3700 East-West Hwy, Hyattsville, MD 20782 (Dr Harris).


JAMA. 1988;259(10):1520-1524. doi:10.1001/jama.1988.03720100038035
Text Size: A A A
Published online
Article
References

The relationship of weight at age 65 years and subsequent mortality was examined in a population of 1723 nonsmokers who were followed up from one to 23 years (mean, 9.5 years) during the Framingham Heart Study. In sex-specific proportional hazards analyses, risks of mortality were increased for men and women at the high and low extremes of body mass index, even when accounting for potential effects of excess weight on serum cholesterol level, blood glucose level, and systolic blood pressure. For those at the lower extreme of body mass index, the relative risk of death was almost twice as high in the years immediately after age 65 years as in later follow-up, suggesting that the increased early death rate was due to disease that was already present. At the upper extreme, risk of death was twofold over the entire follow-up period for persons with body mass indexes at or above the 70th percentile at both 55 and 65 years of age. We conclude that, even when accounting for cardiovascular risk factors, being overweight is a serious health problem for older people, especially for those with long-standing weight problems.

(JAMA 1988;259:1520-1524)

REFERENCES

1 +
Van Itallie T:  Obesity: Adverse effects on health and longevity. Am J Clin Nutr 1979;;32:2723-2733.
2 +
 Health implications of obesity: National Institutes of Health Consensus Development Conference statement. Ann Intern Med 1985;;103(pt 2):1073-1077.
3 +
Lew W:  Mortality and weight: Insured lives and the American Cancer Society studies. Ann Intern Med 1985;;103(pt 2):1024-1029.
4 +
Manson J, Stampfer M, Hennekens C, et al:  Body weight and longevity: A reassessment. JAMA 1987;;257:353-358.
5 +
Dawber TR: The Framingham Study . Cambridge, Mass, Harvard University Press, 1980;.
6 +
Garrison RJ, Feinleib M, Castelli WP, et al:  Cigarette smoking as a confounder of the relationship between relative weight and long-term mortality: The Framingham Heart Study. JAMA 1983;;249:2199-2203.
7 +
Shurtleff D:  Some characteristics related to the incidence of cardiovascular disease and death , in Kannel WB, Gordon T (eds): Framingham Study: 18-Year Follow-up , publication (NIH) 74-599. Dept of Health, Education, and Welfare, 1974;.
8 +
Waaler HT: Height, weight and mortality:  The Norwegian experience. Acta Med Scand Suppl 1984;;679:1-56.
9 +
Cox DR:  Regression models and life tables. J R Stat Soc 1972;;34:187-200.
10 +
Kalbfleisch JD, Prentice RL: The Statistical Analysis of Failure Time Data . New York, John Wiley & Sons Inc, 1980;.
11 +
Schatzkin A, Hoover R, Taylor P, et al:  Serum cholesterol and cancer in the NHANESI Epidemiologic Followup Study. Lancet 1987;;2:298-301.
12 +
Burack R, Keller J, Higgins M:  Cardiovascular risk factors and obesity: Are baseline levels of blood pressure, glucose, cholesterol and uric acid elevated prior to weight gain? J Chronic Dis 1985;;38:865-872.
13 +
Borkan G, Sparrow D, Wisniewski C, et al:  Body weight and coronary disease risk: Patterns of risk factor change associated with long-term weight change: The Normative Aging Study. Am J Epidemiol 1986;;124:410-419.
14 +
Marton K, Sox H, Krupp J:  Involuntary weight loss: Diagnostic and prognostic significance. Ann Intern Med 1981;;95:568-574.
15 +
Sidney S, Friedman G, Siegelaub A:  Thinness and mortality. Am J Public Health 1987;;77:317-322.
16 +
Van Itallie T:  Health implications of overweight and obesity in the United States. Ann Intern Med 1985;;103(pt 2):983-988.
17 +
Colliver J, Frank S, Frank A:  Similarity of obesity indices in clinical studies of obese adults: A factor analytic study. Am J Clin Nutr 1983;;38:640-647.
18 +
Revicki D, Israel R:  Relationship between body mass indices and measures of body adiposity. Am J Public Health 1986;;76:992-994.
19 +
Bjorntorp P:  Regional patterns of fat distribution. Ann Intern Med 1985;;103(pt 2):994-995.
20 +
Yano K, Wasnich R, Vogel J, et al:  Bone mineral measurements among middle-aged and elderly Japanese residents in Hawaii. Am J Epidemiol 1984;;119:751-764.
21 +
Forbes G, Reina J:  Adult lean body mass declines with age: Some longitudinal observations. Metabolism 1970;;19:653-663.
22 +
Lohrman T:  Skinfolds and body density and their relation to body fatness: A review. Hum Biol 1981;;53:181-225.
23 +
Borkan G, Hults D, Gerzof S, et al:  Age changes in body composition revealed by computed tomography. J Gerontol 1983;;38:673-677.
24 +
Lapidus L, Bengtsson C, Larsson B, et al:  Distribution of adipose tissue and risk of cardiovascular disease and death: A 12-year follow-up of participants in the population study of women in Gothenburg, Sweden. Br Med J 1984;;289:1257-1261.
25 +
Andres R:  Mortality and obesity: The rational for age-specific height-weight tables , in Andres R, Bierman E, Hazzard W (eds): Textbook of Geriatric Medicine . New York, McGraw-Hill International Book Co, 1984;, pp 311-318.

Figures

Tables

Interactive Graphics

Video

Country-Specific Mortality and Growth Failure in Infancy and Yound Children and Association With Material Stature

Use interactive graphics and maps to view and sort country-specific infant and early dhildhood mortality and growth failure data and their association with maternal

1 +
Van Itallie T:  Obesity: Adverse effects on health and longevity. Am J Clin Nutr 1979;;32:2723-2733.
2 +
 Health implications of obesity: National Institutes of Health Consensus Development Conference statement. Ann Intern Med 1985;;103(pt 2):1073-1077.
3 +
Lew W:  Mortality and weight: Insured lives and the American Cancer Society studies. Ann Intern Med 1985;;103(pt 2):1024-1029.
4 +
Manson J, Stampfer M, Hennekens C, et al:  Body weight and longevity: A reassessment. JAMA 1987;;257:353-358.
5 +
Dawber TR: The Framingham Study . Cambridge, Mass, Harvard University Press, 1980;.
6 +
Garrison RJ, Feinleib M, Castelli WP, et al:  Cigarette smoking as a confounder of the relationship between relative weight and long-term mortality: The Framingham Heart Study. JAMA 1983;;249:2199-2203.
7 +
Shurtleff D:  Some characteristics related to the incidence of cardiovascular disease and death , in Kannel WB, Gordon T (eds): Framingham Study: 18-Year Follow-up , publication (NIH) 74-599. Dept of Health, Education, and Welfare, 1974;.
8 +
Waaler HT: Height, weight and mortality:  The Norwegian experience. Acta Med Scand Suppl 1984;;679:1-56.
9 +
Cox DR:  Regression models and life tables. J R Stat Soc 1972;;34:187-200.
10 +
Kalbfleisch JD, Prentice RL: The Statistical Analysis of Failure Time Data . New York, John Wiley & Sons Inc, 1980;.
11 +
Schatzkin A, Hoover R, Taylor P, et al:  Serum cholesterol and cancer in the NHANESI Epidemiologic Followup Study. Lancet 1987;;2:298-301.
12 +
Burack R, Keller J, Higgins M:  Cardiovascular risk factors and obesity: Are baseline levels of blood pressure, glucose, cholesterol and uric acid elevated prior to weight gain? J Chronic Dis 1985;;38:865-872.
13 +
Borkan G, Sparrow D, Wisniewski C, et al:  Body weight and coronary disease risk: Patterns of risk factor change associated with long-term weight change: The Normative Aging Study. Am J Epidemiol 1986;;124:410-419.
14 +
Marton K, Sox H, Krupp J:  Involuntary weight loss: Diagnostic and prognostic significance. Ann Intern Med 1981;;95:568-574.
15 +
Sidney S, Friedman G, Siegelaub A:  Thinness and mortality. Am J Public Health 1987;;77:317-322.
16 +
Van Itallie T:  Health implications of overweight and obesity in the United States. Ann Intern Med 1985;;103(pt 2):983-988.
17 +
Colliver J, Frank S, Frank A:  Similarity of obesity indices in clinical studies of obese adults: A factor analytic study. Am J Clin Nutr 1983;;38:640-647.
18 +
Revicki D, Israel R:  Relationship between body mass indices and measures of body adiposity. Am J Public Health 1986;;76:992-994.
19 +
Bjorntorp P:  Regional patterns of fat distribution. Ann Intern Med 1985;;103(pt 2):994-995.
20 +
Yano K, Wasnich R, Vogel J, et al:  Bone mineral measurements among middle-aged and elderly Japanese residents in Hawaii. Am J Epidemiol 1984;;119:751-764.
21 +
Forbes G, Reina J:  Adult lean body mass declines with age: Some longitudinal observations. Metabolism 1970;;19:653-663.
22 +
Lohrman T:  Skinfolds and body density and their relation to body fatness: A review. Hum Biol 1981;;53:181-225.
23 +
Borkan G, Hults D, Gerzof S, et al:  Age changes in body composition revealed by computed tomography. J Gerontol 1983;;38:673-677.
24 +
Lapidus L, Bengtsson C, Larsson B, et al:  Distribution of adipose tissue and risk of cardiovascular disease and death: A 12-year follow-up of participants in the population study of women in Gothenburg, Sweden. Br Med J 1984;;289:1257-1261.
25 +
Andres R:  Mortality and obesity: The rational for age-specific height-weight tables , in Andres R, Bierman E, Hazzard W (eds): Textbook of Geriatric Medicine . New York, McGraw-Hill International Book Co, 1984;, pp 311-318.

Letters

Submit a Letter
CME Course for:


You need to register in order to view this quiz.


To understand the clinical management of acute heart failure syndromes.
Accreditation Information The American Medical Association is accredited by the Accreditation Council for Continuing Medical Education to provide continuing medical education for physicians.
The AMA designates this journal-based CME activity for a maximum of 1 AMA PRA Category 1 CreditTM per course. Physicians should claim only the credit commensurate with the extent of their participation in the activity.
Physicians who complete the CME course and score at least 80% correct on the quiz are eligible for AMA PRA Category 1 CreditTM.
Note: You must get at least of the answers correct to pass this quiz.
Note: You must get at least of the answers correct to pass this quiz.
You have not filled in all the answers to complete this quiz
The following questions were not answered:
Sorry, you have unsuccessfully completed this CME quiz with a score of
The following questions were not answered correctly:
For CME Course: A Proposed Model for Initial Assessment and Management of Acute Heart Failure Syndromes
Indicate what changes(s) you will implement in your practice, if any, based on this CME course.
To view and print your certificate and access a summary of your CME courses go to My CME.
NOTE:
Citing articles are presented as examples only. In non-demo SCM6 implementation, integration with CrossRef’s “Cited By” API will populate this tab (http://www.crossref.org/citedby.html).
Compression-Only CPR: Pushing the Science Forward
Cone
AAM 2010;304:1493-1495.
All you need to read in the other general journals
BMJ 2010;341:c5893-c1494.
Submit a Response

Some tools below are only available to our subscribers or users with an online account.

Related Content

Customize your page view by dragging & repositioning the boxes below.

© 2012 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved.
Powered bySilverchair Information Systems