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November 27, 1987, Vol 258, No. 20 >
ARTICLE | November 27, 1987

Transplantation Immunology FREE

Charles H. Kirkpatrick, MD
JAMA. 1987;258(20):2993-3000. doi:10.1001/jama.1987.03400200199026
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References

TRANSPLANTATION of tissues and organs is an artificial biologic event, but it has provided a means for temporary or long-term treatment for failure of a variety of organs. Corneal transplantation has restored sight to thousands of persons,1 and skin grafts are regularly used to cover injured tissues in burn patients. Since the 1960s, kidney transplantation has prolonged the healthy and productive lives of many persons with chronic renal failure.2 Transplantation of bone marrow is widely used for treatment of aplastic anemia3-5 and is beneficial for some patients with malignant diseases such as leukemia6-9 or immune deficiency syndromes.10 Bone marrow transplantation is also being evaluated as a method for correction of certain genetically determined diseases.11 During recent years, transplantation of the heart12-14 and liver15,16 has become common, and progress is being made toward successful transplantation of the lung,17 pancreas,18 and other organs.

REFERENCES

1 +
Lindstrom RL:  Advances in corneal transplantation . N Engl J Med 1986;;315:57-59.
2 +
Strom TB, Tilney NL:  Renal transplantation: Clinical aspects , in Brenner BM, Rector FJ (eds): The Kidney . Philadelphia, WB Saunders Co, 1986;, pp 1941-1976.
3 +
Bortin MM, Gale RP, Rimm AA:  Allogeneic bone marrow transplantation for 144 patients with severe aplastic anemia . JAMA 1981;;245:1132-1139.
4 +
Elfenbein GJ, Mellits ED, Santos GW:  Engraftment and survival after allogeneic bone marrow transplantation for severe aplastic anemia . Transplant Proc 1983;;15:1412-1416.
5 +
Anasetti C, Doney KC, Storb R, et al:  Marrow transplantation for severe aplastic anemia: Long-term outcome in 50 'untransfused' patients . Ann Intern Med 1986;;104:461-466.
6 +
Gale RP, Kersey JH, Bortin MM, et al:  Bone marrow transplantation for acute lymphoblastic leukemia . Lancet 1983;;2:663-667.
7 +
Bortin MM, Gale RP, Kay HEM, et al:  Bone marrow transplantation for acute myelogenous leukemia: Factors associated with early mortality . JAMA 1983;;249:1166-1175.
8 +
Goldman JM, Apperley JF, Jones L, et al:  Bone marrow transplantation for patients with chronic myeloid leukemia . N Engl J Med 1986;;314:202-207.
9 +
Thomas ED, Clift RA, Fefer A, et al:  Marrow transplantation for the treatment of chronic myelogenous leukemia . Ann Intern Med 1986;;104:155-162.
10 +
O'Reilly RJ, Kapoor N, Kirkpatrick D, et al:  Transplantation of hematopoietic cells for lethal congenital immunodeficiencies . Birth Defects 1983;;19:129-137.
11 +
Parkman R:  The application of bone marrow transplantation to the treatment of genetic diseases . Science 1986;;232:1373-1378.
12 +
Jamieson SW, Oyer P, Baldwin J, et al:  Heart transplantation for end-stage ischemic heart disease: The Stanford experience . Heart Transplant 1984;;3:224-227.
13 +
Painvin GA, Okereke OUJ, Frazier OH, et al:  Cardiac transplantation: Current results of cyclosporin-treated patients at the Texas Heart Institute . Transplant Proc 1985;;17:223-224
14 +
Solis E, Kaye MP:  The registry of the International Society of Heart Transplantation: Third official report—June 1986 . J Heart Transplant 1986;; 5:2-5.
15 +
Starzl TE, Iwatsuki S, Shaw BW, et al:  Orthotopic liver transplantation in 1984 . Transplant Proc 1985;;17:250-258.
16 +
Busuttil RW, Goldstein LI, Donovitch GM, et al:  Liver transplantation today . Ann Intern Med 1986;;104:377-389.
17 +
Veith FJ, Kamholz SL, Mollenkopf FP, et al:  Lung transplantation 1983 . Transplantation 1983;; 35:271-278.
18 +
Lacy PE, Scharp DW:  Islet transplantation in treating diabetes . Ann Rev Med 1986;;37:33-40.
19 +
 Advisory Committee for the International Autologous Bone Marrow Transplant Registry: Bone marrow autotransplantation in man . Lancet 1986;; 2:960-962.
20 +
Sachs DH:  The major histocompatibility complex , in Paul W (ed): Fundamental Immunology . New York, Raven Press, 1984;, pp 303-346.
21 +
Wick MR, Moore SB, Gastineau DA, et al:  Immunologic, clinical and pathologic aspects of human graft-versus-host disease . Mayo Clin Proc 1983;;58:603-612.
22 +
Gleichmann E, Pals ST, Rolink AG, et al:  Graft-versus-host reactions: Clues to the etiopathology of a spectrum of immunological diseases . Immunol Today 1984;;5:324-332.
23 +
Parkman R, Mosier D, Umansky I, et al:  Graft-versus-host disease after intrauterine and exchange transfusions for hemolytic disease of the newborn . N Engl J Med 1974;;290:359-363.
24 +
Betzhold J, Hong R:  Fatal graft-versus-host disease after a small leukocyte transfusion in a patient with lymphoma and varicella . Pediatrics 1978;;62:63-66.
25 +
Festenstein H, Doyle P, Holmes J:  Long-term follow-up in London transplant group recipients of cadaver renal allografts: The influence of HLA matching on transplant outcome . N Engl J Med 1986;;314:7-14.
26 +
Vogelsang GB, Hess AD, Berkman AW, et al:  An in vitro predictive test for graft versus host disease in patients with genotypic HLA-identical bone marrow transplants . N Engl J Med 1985;;313: 645-650.
27 +
Opelz G, Sengar DPS, Mickey MR, et al:  Effect of blood transfusions on subsequent kidney transplants . Transplant proc 1973;;5:253-259.
28 +
Opelz G, Graver B, Terasaki PI:  Induction of high kidney graft survival rate by multiple transfusion . Lancet 1981;;1:1223-1225.
29 +
Talmage DW, Dart G, Radovich J, et al:  Activation of transplantation immunity: Effect of donor leukocytes on thyroid allograft rejection . Science 1976;;191:385-388.
30 +
Vesole DH, Dart G, Talmage DW:  Rejection of stable cultured allografts by active or passive (adoptive) immunization . Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 1982;;79:1626-1628.
31 +
Parr EL, Bowen KM, Lafferty KJ:  Cellular changes in cultured mouse thyroid glands and islets of Langerhans . Transplantation 1980;;30:135-141.
32 +
Cohen DJ, Loertscher R, Rubin MF, et al:  Cyclosporine: A new immunosuppressive agent for organ transplantation . Ann Intern Med 1984;;101: 667-682.
33 +
Ringden O:  Cyclosporine in allogeneic bone marrow transplantation . Transplantation 1986;; 42:445-452.
34 +
Hoover R, Fraumini JR:  Risk of cancer in renal transplant recipients . Lancet 1973;;2:55-57.
35 +
Penn I:  Kaposi's sarcoma in immunosuppressed patients . J Lab Clin Immunol 1983;;12:1-10.
36 +
Keown PA, Stiller CR:  Control of rejection of transplanted organs . Adv Intern Med 1986;;31: 17-46.
37 +
Monaco AP:  Clinical kidney transplantation in 1984 . Transplant Proc 1985;;17:5-12.
38 +
Vollmer WM, Wahl PW, Blagg CR:  Survival with dialysis and transplantation in patients with end-stage renal disease . N Engl J Med 1983;;308: 1553-1558.
39 +
Krakauer H, Grauman JS, McMullan MR, et al:  The recent US experience in the treatment of end-stage renal disease by dialysis and transplantation . N Engl J Med 1983;;308:1558-1565.
40 +
The Canadian Multicentre Transplant Study Group:  A randomized clinical trial of cyclosporine in cadaveric renal transplantation: Analysis at three years . N Engl J Med 1986;;314:1219-1225.
41 +
Lundgren G, Groth CG, Albrectsen D, et al:  HLA-matching and pretransplant blood transfusions in cadaveric renal transplantation: A changing picture with cyclosporin . Lancet 1986;;2:66-69.
42 +
Comty CM, Collins AJ:  Dialytic therapy in the management of chronic renal failure . Med Clin North Am 1984;;68:399-425.
43 +
Gutman RA, Stead WW, Robinson RR:  Physical activity and employment status of patients on maintenance dialysis . N Engl J Med 1981;;304: 309-313.
44 +
Evans RW, Manninen DL, Garrison LP, et al:  The quality of life of patients with end-stage renal disease . N Engl J Med 1985;;312:553-559.
45 +
Herzig RH, Bortin MM, Barrett AJ, et al:  Bone-marrow transplantation of high-risk acute lymphoblastic leukemia in first and second remission . Lancet 1987;;1:786-788.

Figures

Tables

Interactive Graphics

Video

Country-Specific Mortality and Growth Failure in Infancy and Yound Children and Association With Material Stature

Use interactive graphics and maps to view and sort country-specific infant and early dhildhood mortality and growth failure data and their association with maternal

1 +
Lindstrom RL:  Advances in corneal transplantation . N Engl J Med 1986;;315:57-59.
2 +
Strom TB, Tilney NL:  Renal transplantation: Clinical aspects , in Brenner BM, Rector FJ (eds): The Kidney . Philadelphia, WB Saunders Co, 1986;, pp 1941-1976.
3 +
Bortin MM, Gale RP, Rimm AA:  Allogeneic bone marrow transplantation for 144 patients with severe aplastic anemia . JAMA 1981;;245:1132-1139.
4 +
Elfenbein GJ, Mellits ED, Santos GW:  Engraftment and survival after allogeneic bone marrow transplantation for severe aplastic anemia . Transplant Proc 1983;;15:1412-1416.
5 +
Anasetti C, Doney KC, Storb R, et al:  Marrow transplantation for severe aplastic anemia: Long-term outcome in 50 'untransfused' patients . Ann Intern Med 1986;;104:461-466.
6 +
Gale RP, Kersey JH, Bortin MM, et al:  Bone marrow transplantation for acute lymphoblastic leukemia . Lancet 1983;;2:663-667.
7 +
Bortin MM, Gale RP, Kay HEM, et al:  Bone marrow transplantation for acute myelogenous leukemia: Factors associated with early mortality . JAMA 1983;;249:1166-1175.
8 +
Goldman JM, Apperley JF, Jones L, et al:  Bone marrow transplantation for patients with chronic myeloid leukemia . N Engl J Med 1986;;314:202-207.
9 +
Thomas ED, Clift RA, Fefer A, et al:  Marrow transplantation for the treatment of chronic myelogenous leukemia . Ann Intern Med 1986;;104:155-162.
10 +
O'Reilly RJ, Kapoor N, Kirkpatrick D, et al:  Transplantation of hematopoietic cells for lethal congenital immunodeficiencies . Birth Defects 1983;;19:129-137.
11 +
Parkman R:  The application of bone marrow transplantation to the treatment of genetic diseases . Science 1986;;232:1373-1378.
12 +
Jamieson SW, Oyer P, Baldwin J, et al:  Heart transplantation for end-stage ischemic heart disease: The Stanford experience . Heart Transplant 1984;;3:224-227.
13 +
Painvin GA, Okereke OUJ, Frazier OH, et al:  Cardiac transplantation: Current results of cyclosporin-treated patients at the Texas Heart Institute . Transplant Proc 1985;;17:223-224
14 +
Solis E, Kaye MP:  The registry of the International Society of Heart Transplantation: Third official report—June 1986 . J Heart Transplant 1986;; 5:2-5.
15 +
Starzl TE, Iwatsuki S, Shaw BW, et al:  Orthotopic liver transplantation in 1984 . Transplant Proc 1985;;17:250-258.
16 +
Busuttil RW, Goldstein LI, Donovitch GM, et al:  Liver transplantation today . Ann Intern Med 1986;;104:377-389.
17 +
Veith FJ, Kamholz SL, Mollenkopf FP, et al:  Lung transplantation 1983 . Transplantation 1983;; 35:271-278.
18 +
Lacy PE, Scharp DW:  Islet transplantation in treating diabetes . Ann Rev Med 1986;;37:33-40.
19 +
 Advisory Committee for the International Autologous Bone Marrow Transplant Registry: Bone marrow autotransplantation in man . Lancet 1986;; 2:960-962.
20 +
Sachs DH:  The major histocompatibility complex , in Paul W (ed): Fundamental Immunology . New York, Raven Press, 1984;, pp 303-346.
21 +
Wick MR, Moore SB, Gastineau DA, et al:  Immunologic, clinical and pathologic aspects of human graft-versus-host disease . Mayo Clin Proc 1983;;58:603-612.
22 +
Gleichmann E, Pals ST, Rolink AG, et al:  Graft-versus-host reactions: Clues to the etiopathology of a spectrum of immunological diseases . Immunol Today 1984;;5:324-332.
23 +
Parkman R, Mosier D, Umansky I, et al:  Graft-versus-host disease after intrauterine and exchange transfusions for hemolytic disease of the newborn . N Engl J Med 1974;;290:359-363.
24 +
Betzhold J, Hong R:  Fatal graft-versus-host disease after a small leukocyte transfusion in a patient with lymphoma and varicella . Pediatrics 1978;;62:63-66.
25 +
Festenstein H, Doyle P, Holmes J:  Long-term follow-up in London transplant group recipients of cadaver renal allografts: The influence of HLA matching on transplant outcome . N Engl J Med 1986;;314:7-14.
26 +
Vogelsang GB, Hess AD, Berkman AW, et al:  An in vitro predictive test for graft versus host disease in patients with genotypic HLA-identical bone marrow transplants . N Engl J Med 1985;;313: 645-650.
27 +
Opelz G, Sengar DPS, Mickey MR, et al:  Effect of blood transfusions on subsequent kidney transplants . Transplant proc 1973;;5:253-259.
28 +
Opelz G, Graver B, Terasaki PI:  Induction of high kidney graft survival rate by multiple transfusion . Lancet 1981;;1:1223-1225.
29 +
Talmage DW, Dart G, Radovich J, et al:  Activation of transplantation immunity: Effect of donor leukocytes on thyroid allograft rejection . Science 1976;;191:385-388.
30 +
Vesole DH, Dart G, Talmage DW:  Rejection of stable cultured allografts by active or passive (adoptive) immunization . Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 1982;;79:1626-1628.
31 +
Parr EL, Bowen KM, Lafferty KJ:  Cellular changes in cultured mouse thyroid glands and islets of Langerhans . Transplantation 1980;;30:135-141.
32 +
Cohen DJ, Loertscher R, Rubin MF, et al:  Cyclosporine: A new immunosuppressive agent for organ transplantation . Ann Intern Med 1984;;101: 667-682.
33 +
Ringden O:  Cyclosporine in allogeneic bone marrow transplantation . Transplantation 1986;; 42:445-452.
34 +
Hoover R, Fraumini JR:  Risk of cancer in renal transplant recipients . Lancet 1973;;2:55-57.
35 +
Penn I:  Kaposi's sarcoma in immunosuppressed patients . J Lab Clin Immunol 1983;;12:1-10.
36 +
Keown PA, Stiller CR:  Control of rejection of transplanted organs . Adv Intern Med 1986;;31: 17-46.
37 +
Monaco AP:  Clinical kidney transplantation in 1984 . Transplant Proc 1985;;17:5-12.
38 +
Vollmer WM, Wahl PW, Blagg CR:  Survival with dialysis and transplantation in patients with end-stage renal disease . N Engl J Med 1983;;308: 1553-1558.
39 +
Krakauer H, Grauman JS, McMullan MR, et al:  The recent US experience in the treatment of end-stage renal disease by dialysis and transplantation . N Engl J Med 1983;;308:1558-1565.
40 +
The Canadian Multicentre Transplant Study Group:  A randomized clinical trial of cyclosporine in cadaveric renal transplantation: Analysis at three years . N Engl J Med 1986;;314:1219-1225.
41 +
Lundgren G, Groth CG, Albrectsen D, et al:  HLA-matching and pretransplant blood transfusions in cadaveric renal transplantation: A changing picture with cyclosporin . Lancet 1986;;2:66-69.
42 +
Comty CM, Collins AJ:  Dialytic therapy in the management of chronic renal failure . Med Clin North Am 1984;;68:399-425.
43 +
Gutman RA, Stead WW, Robinson RR:  Physical activity and employment status of patients on maintenance dialysis . N Engl J Med 1981;;304: 309-313.
44 +
Evans RW, Manninen DL, Garrison LP, et al:  The quality of life of patients with end-stage renal disease . N Engl J Med 1985;;312:553-559.
45 +
Herzig RH, Bortin MM, Barrett AJ, et al:  Bone-marrow transplantation of high-risk acute lymphoblastic leukemia in first and second remission . Lancet 1987;;1:786-788.

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