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November 27, 1987, Vol 258, No. 20 >
ARTICLE | November 27, 1987

Rhinitis and Asthma FREE

Michael Kaliner, MD; Peyton A. Eggleston, MD; Kenneth P. Mathews, MD
JAMA. 1987;258(20):2851-2873. doi:10.1001/jama.1987.03400200057007
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References

ALTHOUGH both rhinitis and asthma can occur without a recognized allergic mechanism, IgE-mediated inflammation should be a major consideration in the differential diagnosis of both entities. It is estimated that 40 million Americans have asthma and other allergic diseases. Other figures compiled by the National Center for Health Statistics underscore the magnitude of this health burden. For example, approximately 9% of all patients seeking medical care at a physician's office do so for one of the common allergic diseases. Furthermore, among chronic illnesses of childhood, asthma is the most frequent cause of school absenteeism. Of the 40 million Americans with allergic disease, an estimated 8.9 million suffer from asthma with or without hay fever, 25 to 30 million have hay fever alone, and 11.8 million have other allergic manifestations such as eczema, urticaria, angioedema, or food, drug, or insect hypersensitivity. Thus, medical students and house officers should familiarize themselves early

REFERENCES

1 +
King TP, Norman PS:  Antigens that cause atopic disease , in Samter M (ed): Immunological Diseases , ed 3. Boston, Little Brown & Co Inc, 1978;, pp 787-803.
2 +
Solomon WR, Mathews KP:  Aerobiology and inhalant allergens , in Middleton E Jr, Reed CE, Ellis EF (eds): Allergy: Principles and Practice , ed 3. St Louis, CV Mosby Co, 1983;, pp 1143-1202.
3 +
Proctor DF:  The upper airways: Nasal physiology and defense of the lungs . Am Rev Respir Dis 1977;;115:97-129.
4 +
Solomon WR:  Aerobiology of pollenosis . J Allergy Clin Immunol 1984;;74:449-461.
5 +
Norman PS:  Allergic rhinitis . J Allergy Clin Immunol 1985;;75:531-545.
6 +
Naclerio RM, Proud D, Togias AG, et al:  Inflammatory mediators in late antigen-induced rhinitis . N Engl J Med 1985;;313:65-70.
7 +
Peters SP, Naclerio RM, Togias A, et al:  In vitro and in vivo model systems for the study of allergic and inflammatory disorders in man . Chest 1985;; 875:1625-1645.
8 +
Connell JT:  Quantitative intranasal pollen challenges: III. The priming effect in allergic rhinitis . J Allergy 1969;;43:33-44.
9 +
Mygind N, Anggard A:  Anatomy and physiology of the nose—pathophysiologic alterations in allergy rhinitis . Clin Rev Allergy 1984;;2:173-188.
10 +
Smith JM:  Epidemiology and natural history of asthma, allergic rhinitis, and atopic dermatitis (eczema) , in Middleton E Jr, Reed CE, Ellis EF (eds): Allergy: Principles and Practice , ed 2. St Louis, CV Mosby Co, 1983;, pp 771-803.
11 +
Mathews KP:  Allergic and non-allergic rhinitis, nasal polyposis, and sinusitis , in Kaplan AP (ed): Allergy . New York, Churchill Livingstone Inc, 1985;, pp 331-366.
12 +
Solomon WR, McLean JA:  Nasal provocation testing , in Spector SL (ed): Provocation Challenge Procedures:Bronchial , Oral, Nasal and Exercise. Boca Raton, Fla, CRC Press, 1983;, pp 133-168.
13 +
Mullarkey MF, Hill JS, Webb DR:  Allergic and nonallergic rhinitis: Their characterization with attention to the meaning of nasal eosinophilia . J Allergy Clin Immunol 1980;;65:122-126.
14 +
Pierson WE, Donaldson JA:  Diseases of the ear , in Bierman CW, Pearlman DS (eds): Allergic Diseases of Infancy, Childhood and Adolescence . Philadelphia, WB Saunders Co, 1980;, pp 502-510.
15 +
Togias AG, Naclerio RM, Warner J, et al:  Demonstration of inhibition of mediator release from human mast cells by azatadine base: In vivo and in vitro evaluation . JAMA 1986;;255:225-229.
16 +
Carpenter GB, Bunker-Soler AL, Nelson HS:  Evaluation of combined H1- and H2-receptor blocking agents in the treatment of seasonal allergic rhinitis . J Allergy Clin Immunol 1983;;71:412-417.
17 +
Kaliner MA, Blennerhassett J, Austen KF:  Bronchial asthma , in Meischer PA, Muller-Eberhard HJ (eds): Textbook of Immunopathology . New York, Grune & Stratton, 1976;, pp 387-401.
18 +
Spector SL:  Bronchial inhalation challenges with antigens , in Spector SL (ed): Provocative Challenge Procedures: Bronchial, Oral, Nasal and Exercise . Boca Raton, Fla, CRC Press, 1983;, pp 97-112.
19 +
Rosenberg M, Patterson R, Mintzer R, et al:  Clinical and immunologic criteria for the diagnosis of allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis . Ann Intern Med 1977;;86:405-414.
20 +
Zeiss CR, Wolkonsky P, Pruzansky JT, et al:  Clinical and immunologic evaluation of trimelletic anhydride workers in multiple industrial settings . J Allergy Clin Immunol 1982;;70:15-23.
21 +
Bernstein IL:  Isocyanate-induced pulmonary diseases: A current prospective . J Allergy Clin Immunol 1982;;70:24-31.
22 +
Chan-Yeung M:  Immunologic and nonimmunologic mechanisms in asthma due to Western red cedar (Thuja plicata) . J Allergy Clin Immunol 1982;;70:32-37.
23 +
Spector SL, Farr RS:  Aspirin idiosyncrasy: Asthma and urticaria , in Middleton E Jr, Reed CE, Ellis EF (eds): Allergy—Principles and Practice , ed 2. St Louis, CV Mosby Co, 1983;, pp 1249-1273.
24 +
Fauci AS:  Vasculitis . J Allergy Clin Immunol 1983;;72:211-223.
25 +
Slavin RG:  Sinus disease and asthma . Ear Nose Throat J 1984;;63:45-49.
26 +
Schatz M, Zeiger RS, Mellon M, et al:  Asthma and allergic diseases during pregnancy: Management of the mother and prevention in the child , in Middleton E Jr, Reed CE, Ellis EF (eds): Allergy— Principles and Practice , ed 2. St Louis, CV Mosby Co, 1983;, pp 935-986.
27 +
Kaliner M, Shelhamer JH, Davis PB, et al:  Autonomic nervous system abnormalities in allergy, asthma and cystic fibrosis . Ann Intern Med 1982;;96:349-357.
28 +
Boushey HA, Holtzman MJ, Sheller JR, et al:  Bronchial hyperreactivity . Am Rev Respir Dis 1980;;121:389-413.
29 +
Townley R, Bewtra A:  Airway reactivity to methacholine in asthma family members and twins , in Spector SL (ed): Provocative Challenge Procedures: Bronchial, Oral, Nasal and Exercise . Boca Raton, Fla, CRC Press, pp 177-195.
30 +
Metcalfe DD, Donlon M, Kaliner M:  The mast cell . CRC Crit Rev Immunol 1981;;3:23-74.
31 +
Ishizaka T, White JR, Saito H:  Activation of basophils and mast cells for mediator release . Int Arch Allergy Appl Immunol 1987;;82:327-332.
32 +
Goetzl EJ, Payan DG, Goldman DW:  Immunopathogenetic roles of leukotrienes in human diseases . J Clin Immunol 1984;;4:79-84.
33 +
Lemanske RF, Kaliner M:  Mast cell-dependent late phase reactions . Clin Immunol Rev 1982;;1:547-580.
34 +
Kaliner M, Shelhamer JH, Borson B, et al:  Human respiratory mucus . Am Rev Respir Dis 1986;;134:612-621.
35 +
Kay AB:  The eosinophil , in Kaplan AP (ed): Allergy . New York, Churchill Livingstone Inc, 1985;, pp 93-110.
36 +
Kaliner M:  Hypothesis on the contribution of late phase allergic responses to the understanding and treatment of allergic disease . J Allergy Clin Immunol 1984;;73:311-315.
37 +
Lemanske R, Casale TB, Kaliner M:  The autonomic nervous system and its role in allergic diseases , in Kaplan AP (ed): Allergy . New York, Churchill Livingstone Inc, 1985;, pp 189-216.
38 +
Corrao WM, Braman SS, Irwin RS:  Chronic cough as the sole presenting manifestation of bronchial asthma . N Engl J Med 1979;;300:633-637.
39 +
McFadden ER Jr:  Asthma: Airway dynamics, cardiac function and clinical correlates , in Middleton E Jr, Reed CE, Ellis EF (eds): Allergy— Principles and Practice , ed 2. St Louis, CV Mosby Co, 1983;, pp 843-862.
40 +
Venter JC, Fraser CM, Nelson HS, et al:  Adrenergic agents , in Middleton E Jr, Reed CE, Ellis EF (eds): Allergy—Principles and Practice , ed 2. St Louis, CV Mosby Co, 1983;, pp 503-534.
41 +
Hendeles L, Weinberger M:  Theophylline , in Middleton E Jr, Reed CE, Ellis EF (eds): Allergy— Principles and Practice , ed 2. St Louis, CV Mosby Co, 1983;, pp 535-574.
42 +
Shapiro GG, Konig P:  Cromolyn sodium: A review . Pharmacotherapy 1985;;5:156-170.
43 +
Zeiger RS, Schatz M, Sperling W, et al:  Effect of troleandomycin in outpatients with severe, corticosteroid-dependent asthma . J Allergy Clin Immunol 1980;;66:438-446.
44 +
Huston DP, Bressler RB, Sowell LK, et al:  Prevention of mast cell degranulation by ketotifen in patients with physical urticarias . Ann Intern Med 1986;;104:507-510.
45 +
Gross NJ, Skoroden MS:  Anticholinergic, antimuscarinic bronchodilators . Am Rev Respir Dis 1984;;129:856-870.
46 +
Fanta CH:  Calcium channel blockers in prophylaxis and treatment of asthma . Am J Cardiol 1985;; 55:202B-209B.
47 +
Pearlman DS, Bierman CW:  Asthma , in Bierman CW, Pearlman DC (eds): Allergic Diseases of Infancy, Childhood and Adolescence . Philadelphia, WB Saunders Co, 1980;, pp 581-604.
48 +
Eggleston DP:  Exercise-induced asthma . Clin Rev Allergy 1983;;1:19-37.
49 +
Kaliner M:  Mast cell mediators and asthma . Chest 1985;;87:2S-5S.
50 +
White M, Slater JE, Kaliner M:  Histamine and asthma . Am Rev Respir Dis 1987;;135:165-176.
51 +
Oertel H, Kaliner M:  The biological activity of mast cell granules: III. Purification of inflammatory factors of anaphylaxis (IF-A) responsible for causing late phase reactions . J Immunol 1981;;127:1398-1402.
52 +
Kaliner M:  The mechanisms of glucocorticosteroid action in asthma . J Allergy Clin Immunol 1985;;76:321-329.

Figures

Tables

Interactive Graphics

Video

Country-Specific Mortality and Growth Failure in Infancy and Yound Children and Association With Material Stature

Use interactive graphics and maps to view and sort country-specific infant and early dhildhood mortality and growth failure data and their association with maternal

1 +
King TP, Norman PS:  Antigens that cause atopic disease , in Samter M (ed): Immunological Diseases , ed 3. Boston, Little Brown & Co Inc, 1978;, pp 787-803.
2 +
Solomon WR, Mathews KP:  Aerobiology and inhalant allergens , in Middleton E Jr, Reed CE, Ellis EF (eds): Allergy: Principles and Practice , ed 3. St Louis, CV Mosby Co, 1983;, pp 1143-1202.
3 +
Proctor DF:  The upper airways: Nasal physiology and defense of the lungs . Am Rev Respir Dis 1977;;115:97-129.
4 +
Solomon WR:  Aerobiology of pollenosis . J Allergy Clin Immunol 1984;;74:449-461.
5 +
Norman PS:  Allergic rhinitis . J Allergy Clin Immunol 1985;;75:531-545.
6 +
Naclerio RM, Proud D, Togias AG, et al:  Inflammatory mediators in late antigen-induced rhinitis . N Engl J Med 1985;;313:65-70.
7 +
Peters SP, Naclerio RM, Togias A, et al:  In vitro and in vivo model systems for the study of allergic and inflammatory disorders in man . Chest 1985;; 875:1625-1645.
8 +
Connell JT:  Quantitative intranasal pollen challenges: III. The priming effect in allergic rhinitis . J Allergy 1969;;43:33-44.
9 +
Mygind N, Anggard A:  Anatomy and physiology of the nose—pathophysiologic alterations in allergy rhinitis . Clin Rev Allergy 1984;;2:173-188.
10 +
Smith JM:  Epidemiology and natural history of asthma, allergic rhinitis, and atopic dermatitis (eczema) , in Middleton E Jr, Reed CE, Ellis EF (eds): Allergy: Principles and Practice , ed 2. St Louis, CV Mosby Co, 1983;, pp 771-803.
11 +
Mathews KP:  Allergic and non-allergic rhinitis, nasal polyposis, and sinusitis , in Kaplan AP (ed): Allergy . New York, Churchill Livingstone Inc, 1985;, pp 331-366.
12 +
Solomon WR, McLean JA:  Nasal provocation testing , in Spector SL (ed): Provocation Challenge Procedures:Bronchial , Oral, Nasal and Exercise. Boca Raton, Fla, CRC Press, 1983;, pp 133-168.
13 +
Mullarkey MF, Hill JS, Webb DR:  Allergic and nonallergic rhinitis: Their characterization with attention to the meaning of nasal eosinophilia . J Allergy Clin Immunol 1980;;65:122-126.
14 +
Pierson WE, Donaldson JA:  Diseases of the ear , in Bierman CW, Pearlman DS (eds): Allergic Diseases of Infancy, Childhood and Adolescence . Philadelphia, WB Saunders Co, 1980;, pp 502-510.
15 +
Togias AG, Naclerio RM, Warner J, et al:  Demonstration of inhibition of mediator release from human mast cells by azatadine base: In vivo and in vitro evaluation . JAMA 1986;;255:225-229.
16 +
Carpenter GB, Bunker-Soler AL, Nelson HS:  Evaluation of combined H1- and H2-receptor blocking agents in the treatment of seasonal allergic rhinitis . J Allergy Clin Immunol 1983;;71:412-417.
17 +
Kaliner MA, Blennerhassett J, Austen KF:  Bronchial asthma , in Meischer PA, Muller-Eberhard HJ (eds): Textbook of Immunopathology . New York, Grune & Stratton, 1976;, pp 387-401.
18 +
Spector SL:  Bronchial inhalation challenges with antigens , in Spector SL (ed): Provocative Challenge Procedures: Bronchial, Oral, Nasal and Exercise . Boca Raton, Fla, CRC Press, 1983;, pp 97-112.
19 +
Rosenberg M, Patterson R, Mintzer R, et al:  Clinical and immunologic criteria for the diagnosis of allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis . Ann Intern Med 1977;;86:405-414.
20 +
Zeiss CR, Wolkonsky P, Pruzansky JT, et al:  Clinical and immunologic evaluation of trimelletic anhydride workers in multiple industrial settings . J Allergy Clin Immunol 1982;;70:15-23.
21 +
Bernstein IL:  Isocyanate-induced pulmonary diseases: A current prospective . J Allergy Clin Immunol 1982;;70:24-31.
22 +
Chan-Yeung M:  Immunologic and nonimmunologic mechanisms in asthma due to Western red cedar (Thuja plicata) . J Allergy Clin Immunol 1982;;70:32-37.
23 +
Spector SL, Farr RS:  Aspirin idiosyncrasy: Asthma and urticaria , in Middleton E Jr, Reed CE, Ellis EF (eds): Allergy—Principles and Practice , ed 2. St Louis, CV Mosby Co, 1983;, pp 1249-1273.
24 +
Fauci AS:  Vasculitis . J Allergy Clin Immunol 1983;;72:211-223.
25 +
Slavin RG:  Sinus disease and asthma . Ear Nose Throat J 1984;;63:45-49.
26 +
Schatz M, Zeiger RS, Mellon M, et al:  Asthma and allergic diseases during pregnancy: Management of the mother and prevention in the child , in Middleton E Jr, Reed CE, Ellis EF (eds): Allergy— Principles and Practice , ed 2. St Louis, CV Mosby Co, 1983;, pp 935-986.
27 +
Kaliner M, Shelhamer JH, Davis PB, et al:  Autonomic nervous system abnormalities in allergy, asthma and cystic fibrosis . Ann Intern Med 1982;;96:349-357.
28 +
Boushey HA, Holtzman MJ, Sheller JR, et al:  Bronchial hyperreactivity . Am Rev Respir Dis 1980;;121:389-413.
29 +
Townley R, Bewtra A:  Airway reactivity to methacholine in asthma family members and twins , in Spector SL (ed): Provocative Challenge Procedures: Bronchial, Oral, Nasal and Exercise . Boca Raton, Fla, CRC Press, pp 177-195.
30 +
Metcalfe DD, Donlon M, Kaliner M:  The mast cell . CRC Crit Rev Immunol 1981;;3:23-74.
31 +
Ishizaka T, White JR, Saito H:  Activation of basophils and mast cells for mediator release . Int Arch Allergy Appl Immunol 1987;;82:327-332.
32 +
Goetzl EJ, Payan DG, Goldman DW:  Immunopathogenetic roles of leukotrienes in human diseases . J Clin Immunol 1984;;4:79-84.
33 +
Lemanske RF, Kaliner M:  Mast cell-dependent late phase reactions . Clin Immunol Rev 1982;;1:547-580.
34 +
Kaliner M, Shelhamer JH, Borson B, et al:  Human respiratory mucus . Am Rev Respir Dis 1986;;134:612-621.
35 +
Kay AB:  The eosinophil , in Kaplan AP (ed): Allergy . New York, Churchill Livingstone Inc, 1985;, pp 93-110.
36 +
Kaliner M:  Hypothesis on the contribution of late phase allergic responses to the understanding and treatment of allergic disease . J Allergy Clin Immunol 1984;;73:311-315.
37 +
Lemanske R, Casale TB, Kaliner M:  The autonomic nervous system and its role in allergic diseases , in Kaplan AP (ed): Allergy . New York, Churchill Livingstone Inc, 1985;, pp 189-216.
38 +
Corrao WM, Braman SS, Irwin RS:  Chronic cough as the sole presenting manifestation of bronchial asthma . N Engl J Med 1979;;300:633-637.
39 +
McFadden ER Jr:  Asthma: Airway dynamics, cardiac function and clinical correlates , in Middleton E Jr, Reed CE, Ellis EF (eds): Allergy— Principles and Practice , ed 2. St Louis, CV Mosby Co, 1983;, pp 843-862.
40 +
Venter JC, Fraser CM, Nelson HS, et al:  Adrenergic agents , in Middleton E Jr, Reed CE, Ellis EF (eds): Allergy—Principles and Practice , ed 2. St Louis, CV Mosby Co, 1983;, pp 503-534.
41 +
Hendeles L, Weinberger M:  Theophylline , in Middleton E Jr, Reed CE, Ellis EF (eds): Allergy— Principles and Practice , ed 2. St Louis, CV Mosby Co, 1983;, pp 535-574.
42 +
Shapiro GG, Konig P:  Cromolyn sodium: A review . Pharmacotherapy 1985;;5:156-170.
43 +
Zeiger RS, Schatz M, Sperling W, et al:  Effect of troleandomycin in outpatients with severe, corticosteroid-dependent asthma . J Allergy Clin Immunol 1980;;66:438-446.
44 +
Huston DP, Bressler RB, Sowell LK, et al:  Prevention of mast cell degranulation by ketotifen in patients with physical urticarias . Ann Intern Med 1986;;104:507-510.
45 +
Gross NJ, Skoroden MS:  Anticholinergic, antimuscarinic bronchodilators . Am Rev Respir Dis 1984;;129:856-870.
46 +
Fanta CH:  Calcium channel blockers in prophylaxis and treatment of asthma . Am J Cardiol 1985;; 55:202B-209B.
47 +
Pearlman DS, Bierman CW:  Asthma , in Bierman CW, Pearlman DC (eds): Allergic Diseases of Infancy, Childhood and Adolescence . Philadelphia, WB Saunders Co, 1980;, pp 581-604.
48 +
Eggleston DP:  Exercise-induced asthma . Clin Rev Allergy 1983;;1:19-37.
49 +
Kaliner M:  Mast cell mediators and asthma . Chest 1985;;87:2S-5S.
50 +
White M, Slater JE, Kaliner M:  Histamine and asthma . Am Rev Respir Dis 1987;;135:165-176.
51 +
Oertel H, Kaliner M:  The biological activity of mast cell granules: III. Purification of inflammatory factors of anaphylaxis (IF-A) responsible for causing late phase reactions . J Immunol 1981;;127:1398-1402.
52 +
Kaliner M:  The mechanisms of glucocorticosteroid action in asthma . J Allergy Clin Immunol 1985;;76:321-329.

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