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January 16, 1987, Vol 257, No. 3 >
ARTICLE | January 16, 1987

Sexual Practices and Risk of Infection by the Human Immunodeficiency Virus: Title and subTitle BreakThe San Francisco Men's Health Study FREE

Warren Winkelstein, Jr, MD, MPH; David M. Lyman, MD, MPH; Nancy Padian, MS, MPH; Robert Grant, MPH; Michael Samuel; James A. Wiley, PhD; Robert E. Anderson, MD; William Lang, MD; John Riggs, PhD; Jay A. Levy, MD
[+] Author Affiliations

Reprint requests to School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720 (Dr Winkelstein).


JAMA. 1987;257(3):321-325. doi:10.1001/jama.1987.03390030051019
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References

The San Francisco Men's Health Study is a prospective study of the epidemiology and natural history of the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome in a cohort of 1034 single men, 25 to 54 years of age, recruited by multistage probability sampling. At entry, June 1984 through January 1985, the seropositivity rate for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection among homosexual/bisexual study participants was 48.5%. No heterosexual participants were HIV seropositive. Among homosexual/bisexual men reporting no male sexual partners in the two years before entry into the study, seropositivity was 17.6%. For those reporting more than 50 partners, seropositivity was 70.8%. Only receptive anal/genital contact had a significantly elevated risk of HIV infection. Douching was the only ancillary sexual practice that contributed significantly to risk of infection.

(JAMA 1987;257:321-325)

REFERENCES

1 +
Curran JW, Morgan WM, Hardy AM:  The epidemiology of AIDS: Current status and future prospects . Science 1985;;229:1352-1357.
2 +
Barre-Sinoussi F, Chermann JC, Rey F, et al:  Isolation of a T-lymphotropic retrovirus from a patient at risk for acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) . Science 1983;;220:868-871.
3 +
Popovic M, Sarngadharan MG, Reed E, et al:  Detection, isolation, and continuous production of cytopathic retroviruses (HTLV-III) from patients with AIDS and pre-AIDS . Science 1984;;224: 503-505.
4 +
Levy JA, Hoffman AD, Kramer SM, et al:  Isolation of lymphocytopathic retroviruses from San Francisco patients with AIDS . Science 1984;; 225:840-842.
5 +
Kaminsky LS, McHugh T, Stites D, et al:  High prevalence of antibodies to acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS)—associated retrovirus (ARV) in AIDS and related conditions but not in other disease states . Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 1985;;82:5535-5539.
6 +
McHugh TM, Stites DP, Casavant C, et al:  Evaluation of the indirect immunofluorescent assay as a confirmatory test for detecting antibodies to the AIDS-associated retrovirus . Diagn Immunol 1986;, in press.
7 +
Mantel N, Haenszel W:  Statistical aspects of the analysis of data from retrospective studies of disease . JNCI 1959;;22:719-748.
8 +
Greenland S, Robins JM:  Estimation of a common effect parameter from sparse follow-up data . Biometrics 1985;;41:55-68.
9 +
SAS Institute Inc: SUGI Supplemental Library User's Guide: 1983 Edition . Cary, NC, SAS Institute Inc, 1983;, pp 181-202.
10 +
Anderson RE, Levy JA:  Prevalence of antibodies to AIDS-associated retrovirus in single men in San Francisco . Lancet 1985;;1:217.
11 +
Lyman D, Winkelstein W Jr, Ascher M, et al:  Minimal risk of AIDS-associated retrovirus infection by oral-genital contact . JAMA 1986;;255:1703.
12 +
Jaffe HW, Darrow WW, Echenberg DF, et al:  The acquired immune deficiency syndrome in a cohort of homosexual men . Ann Intern Med 1985;; 103:210-214.
13 +
Melbye M, Biggar RJ, Ebbesen P, et al:  Seroepidemiology of HTLV-III antibody in Danish homosexual men: Prevalence, transmission, and disease outcome . Br Med J 1984;;289:573-575.
14 +
Schreeder MT, Thompson SE, Hadler SC, et al:  Epidemiology of hepatitis B infection in gay men . J Homosex 1980;;5:307-310.
15 +
Goedert JJ, Biggar RJ, Winn DM, et al:  Determinants of retrovirus (HTLV-III) antibody and immunodeficiency conditions in homosexual men . Lancet 1984;;2:711-716.
16 +
Jeffries E, Willoughby B, Boyko WJ, et al:  The Vancouver lymphadenopathy-AIDS study: II. Seroepidemiology of HTLV-III antibody . Can Med Assoc J 1985;;132:1373-1377.
17 +
Jaffe HW, Keewhan C, Thomas PA, et al:  National case-control study of Kaposi's sarcoma and Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in homosexual men: I. Epidemiologic results . Ann Intern Med 1983;;99:145-151.
18 +
Marmor M, Friedman-Kien AE, Zolla-Pazner Z, et al:  Kaposi's sarcoma in homosexual men . Ann Intern Med 1984;;100:809-815.
19 +
Levy JA, Kaminsky LS, Morrow MJW, et al:  Infection by the retrovirus associated with the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome: Clinical, biological and molecular features . Ann Intern Med 1985;;103:694-699.
20 +
McKusick L, Wiley JA, Coates TJ, et al:  Reported changes in the sexual behavior of men at risk for AIDS, San Francisco, 1982-84: The AIDS behavioral research project . Public Health Rep 1985;; 100:622-628.

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Use interactive graphics and maps to view and sort country-specific infant and early dhildhood mortality and growth failure data and their association with maternal

1 +
Curran JW, Morgan WM, Hardy AM:  The epidemiology of AIDS: Current status and future prospects . Science 1985;;229:1352-1357.
2 +
Barre-Sinoussi F, Chermann JC, Rey F, et al:  Isolation of a T-lymphotropic retrovirus from a patient at risk for acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) . Science 1983;;220:868-871.
3 +
Popovic M, Sarngadharan MG, Reed E, et al:  Detection, isolation, and continuous production of cytopathic retroviruses (HTLV-III) from patients with AIDS and pre-AIDS . Science 1984;;224: 503-505.
4 +
Levy JA, Hoffman AD, Kramer SM, et al:  Isolation of lymphocytopathic retroviruses from San Francisco patients with AIDS . Science 1984;; 225:840-842.
5 +
Kaminsky LS, McHugh T, Stites D, et al:  High prevalence of antibodies to acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS)—associated retrovirus (ARV) in AIDS and related conditions but not in other disease states . Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 1985;;82:5535-5539.
6 +
McHugh TM, Stites DP, Casavant C, et al:  Evaluation of the indirect immunofluorescent assay as a confirmatory test for detecting antibodies to the AIDS-associated retrovirus . Diagn Immunol 1986;, in press.
7 +
Mantel N, Haenszel W:  Statistical aspects of the analysis of data from retrospective studies of disease . JNCI 1959;;22:719-748.
8 +
Greenland S, Robins JM:  Estimation of a common effect parameter from sparse follow-up data . Biometrics 1985;;41:55-68.
9 +
SAS Institute Inc: SUGI Supplemental Library User's Guide: 1983 Edition . Cary, NC, SAS Institute Inc, 1983;, pp 181-202.
10 +
Anderson RE, Levy JA:  Prevalence of antibodies to AIDS-associated retrovirus in single men in San Francisco . Lancet 1985;;1:217.
11 +
Lyman D, Winkelstein W Jr, Ascher M, et al:  Minimal risk of AIDS-associated retrovirus infection by oral-genital contact . JAMA 1986;;255:1703.
12 +
Jaffe HW, Darrow WW, Echenberg DF, et al:  The acquired immune deficiency syndrome in a cohort of homosexual men . Ann Intern Med 1985;; 103:210-214.
13 +
Melbye M, Biggar RJ, Ebbesen P, et al:  Seroepidemiology of HTLV-III antibody in Danish homosexual men: Prevalence, transmission, and disease outcome . Br Med J 1984;;289:573-575.
14 +
Schreeder MT, Thompson SE, Hadler SC, et al:  Epidemiology of hepatitis B infection in gay men . J Homosex 1980;;5:307-310.
15 +
Goedert JJ, Biggar RJ, Winn DM, et al:  Determinants of retrovirus (HTLV-III) antibody and immunodeficiency conditions in homosexual men . Lancet 1984;;2:711-716.
16 +
Jeffries E, Willoughby B, Boyko WJ, et al:  The Vancouver lymphadenopathy-AIDS study: II. Seroepidemiology of HTLV-III antibody . Can Med Assoc J 1985;;132:1373-1377.
17 +
Jaffe HW, Keewhan C, Thomas PA, et al:  National case-control study of Kaposi's sarcoma and Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in homosexual men: I. Epidemiologic results . Ann Intern Med 1983;;99:145-151.
18 +
Marmor M, Friedman-Kien AE, Zolla-Pazner Z, et al:  Kaposi's sarcoma in homosexual men . Ann Intern Med 1984;;100:809-815.
19 +
Levy JA, Kaminsky LS, Morrow MJW, et al:  Infection by the retrovirus associated with the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome: Clinical, biological and molecular features . Ann Intern Med 1985;;103:694-699.
20 +
McKusick L, Wiley JA, Coates TJ, et al:  Reported changes in the sexual behavior of men at risk for AIDS, San Francisco, 1982-84: The AIDS behavioral research project . Public Health Rep 1985;; 100:622-628.

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