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March 13, 1987, Vol 257, No. 10 >
ARTICLE | March 13, 1987

Treatment of Patients With Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome and Associated Manifestations FREE

Lawrence D. Kaplan, MD; Constance B. Wofsy, MD; Paul A. Volberding, MD
[+] Author Affiliations

Reprint requests to San Francisco General Hospital, 995 Potrero Ave, Ward 84, San Francisco, CA 94110 (Dr Kaplan).


JAMA. 1987;257(10):1367-1374. doi:10.1001/jama.1987.03390100105034
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References

PATIENTS with the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) suffer from a variety of opportunistic infections and malignancies. There is, as of yet, no known cure for this disease.

Early in the course of the AIDS epidemic, therapy was directed only toward the management of manifestations of the disease (opportunistic infections and malignancies). As the immunologic abnormalities associated with AIDS became more clearly defined and with the discovery of the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), treatment of the underlying immunodeficiency disorder with immunomodulators or antiviral agents became a possibility. This review will focus both on treatment of the disease manifestations and on more recent investigations into the use of immunomodulators and antiviral agents. The role of supportive care, which is important in the treatment of patients with this disease, has been discussed elsewhere.1

TREATMENT OF CLINICAL MANIFESTATIONS OF AIDS 

Opportunistic Infections  The therapeutic approach to AIDS patients with

REFERENCES

1 +
Abrams DI, Dilley JW, Maxey LM, et al:  Routine care and psychosocial support of the AIDS patient . Med Clin North Am 1986;;70:707-720.
2 +
Gordin FM, Simon GL, Wofsy CB, et al:  Adverse reactions to trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole in patients with the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome . Ann Intern Med 1984;;100:495-499.
3 +
Small CB, Harris CA, Friedland GH, et al:  The treatment of Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome . Arch Intern Med 1985;;145:837-840.
4 +
Haverkos HW:  Assessment of therapy for Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia . Am J Med 1984;;76: 501-508.
5 +
Wharton M, Coleman DL, Fitz G, et al:  Trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole or pentamidine for Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome . Ann Intern Med 1986;;105:37-44.
6 +
Broaddus C, Dake MD, Stulbarg MS, et al:  Bronchoalveolar lavage and transbronchial biopsy for the diagnosis of pulmonary infections in the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome . Ann Intern Med 1985;;102:747-752.
7 +
Bigby TD, Margolskee D, Curtis JL, et al:  The usefulness of induced sputum in the diagnosis of Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in patients with the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome . Am Rev Respir Dis 1986;;133:515-518.
8 +
Jaffe HS, Abrams DI, Ammann AJ, et al:  Complications of co-trimoxazole in treatment of AIDS-associated Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in homosexual men . Lancet 1983;;2:1109-1111.
9 +
Sands M, Kron MA, Brown RB:  Pentamidine: A review . Rev Infect Dis 1985;;7:625-634.
10 +
Murray JF, Felton CP, Garay S, et al:  Pulmonary complications of the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome: Report of a National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute workshop . N Engl J Med 1984;;310:1682-1688.
11 +
Leoung GS, Mills J, Hopewell PC, et al:  Dapsone-trimethoprim for Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome . Ann Intern Med 1986;;105:45-48.
12 +
Mills J, Leoung G, Medina I, et al:  Dapsone alone in treatment of first episode Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (PCP) in patients with AIDS . Read before the International Conference on AIDS, Paris, June 23-25,1986 .
13 +
Golden JA, Sjoerdsma A, Santi DV:  Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia treated with α-diffluoromethylornithine: A prospective study among patients with the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome . West J Med 1984;;141:613-623.
14 +
Fischl MA, Dickinson GM:  Trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole prophylaxis of Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in acquired immunodeficiency syndrome . Read before the 25th Interscience Conference on Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy, Minneapolis, Sept 29-Oct 2,1985 .
15 +
Kaplan LD, Abrams DI, Wofsy CB, et al:  Trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole prophylaxis against Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) , abstracted. Clin Res 1986;;33:406A.
16 +
Gottlieb MS, Knight S, Mitsuyasu R, et al:  Prophylaxis of Pneumocystis carinii infection in AIDS with pyrimethamine-sulfadoxine . Lancet 1984;;2: 398-399.
17 +
 Revised recommendations for preventing malaria in travelers to areas with chloroquine resistant P. falciparum . MMWR 1985;;34:185-190.
18 +
Busch DF, Follansbee SE:  Continuation therapy with pentamidine isethionate for prevention of relapse of Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in AIDS . Read before the International Conference on AIDS, Paris, June 23-25,1986.
19 +
Zuger A, Louie E, Holzman RS, et al:  Cryptococcal disease in patients with the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome . Ann Intern Med 1986;; 104:234-240.
20 +
Zuger A, Louie E, Holzman RS, et al:  Cryptococcal disease in AIDS patients: Diagnostic feature and outcome of treatment . Read before the International Conference on Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome, Atlanta, April 14-17, 1985 .
21 +
Schuster M, Zuger A, Simberkoff MS, et al:  Maintenance therapy of cryptococcal meningitis in patients with AIDS . Read before the International Conference on AIDS, Paris, June 23-25, 1986 .
22 +
Levine HB:  Fluconazole in murine coccidioidomycosis . Read before the 26th Interscience Conference on Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy, New Orleans, Sept 28-Oct 1, 1986 .
23 +
Wong B, Gold JWM, Brown AE, et al:  Central nervous system toxoplasmosis in homosexual men and parenteral drug abusers . Ann Intern Med 1984;;100:36-42.
24 +
Leoung GS, Mills J, Hadley WK, et al:  Cerebral toxoplasmosis in AIDS patients: Clinical presentation with laboratory, radiographic and histologic correlations . Read before the International Conference on Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome, Atlanta, April 14-17, 1985 .
25 +
Luft BJ, Brooks RG, Conley FK, et al:  Toxoplasmic encephalitis in patients with the acquired immune deficiency syndrome . JAMA 1984;;252:913-915.
26 +
Bishburg E, Sunderam G, Reichman LB, et al:  Central nervous system tuberculosis with the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome and its related complex . Ann Intern Med 1986;;105:210-213.
27 +
Chan J, Luft BJ:  Activity of roxithromycin (RU28965) a macrolide against Toxoplasma gondii infection in mice . Antimicrob Agents Chemother 1986;;30:323-324.
28 +
Kovacs JA, Allegra CJ, Swan JC, et al:  Trimetrexate and BW301 two lipid soluble antifolates exert potent antitoxoplasma effects . Read before the 26th Interscience Conference on Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy, New Orleans, Oct 29, 1986 .
29 +
Soave R, Danner RL, Honig CL, et al:  Cryptosporidiosis in homosexual men . Ann Intern Med 1985;;102:593.
30 +
Portnoy D, Whiteside ME, Buckley E, et al:  Treatment of intestinal cryptosporidiosis with spiramycin . Ann Intern Med 1984;;101:202.
31 +
Soave R, Sjoerdsma A, Cawein MJ:  Treatment of cryptosporidiosis in AIDS patients with α-difluoromethylornithine . Read before the International Conference on Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome, Atlanta, April 14-17,1985 .
32 +
 Update: Treatment of cryptosporidiosis in patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) . MMWR 1984;;33:117-119.
33 +
Hawkins CC, Gold JMW, Whimbey E, et al:  Mycobacterium avium complex infections in patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome . Ann Intern Med 1986;;105:184-188.
34 +
Pitchenik AE, Burr J, Cole CH:  Tuberculin testing for persons with positive serologic studies for HTLV-III . N Engl J Med 1986;;314:447.
35 +
Pitchenik AE, Cole C, Russell BW, et al:  Tuberculosis, atypical mycobacteriosis, and the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome among Haitian and non-Haitian patients in South Florida . Ann Intern Med 1984;;101:641-645.
36 +
Klein RS, Harris CA, Small CB, et al:  Oral candidiasis in high-risk patients as the initial manifestation of the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome . N Engl J Med 1984;;311:354-358.
37 +
Quintiliani R, Owens NJ, Quercia RA, et al:  Treatment and prevention of oropharyngeal candidiasis . Am J Med 1984;;77:44-47.
38 +
Siegal FP, Lopez C, Hammer GS, et al:  Severe acquired immunodeficiency in male homosexuals, manifested by chronic perianal ulcerative herpes simplex lesions . N Engl J Med 1981;;305:1439-1444.
39 +
Goodell SE,Quinn TC, Mkrtichian PA-C, et al:  Herpes simplex virus proctitis in homosexual men: Clinical, sigmoidoscopic and histopathological features . N Engl J Med 1983;;308:868-871.
40 +
Meyers RD, Wade JC, Mitchell CD, et al:  Multicenter collaborative trial of intravenous acyclovir for treatment of mucocutaneous herpes simplex virus infection in the immunocompromised host , abstracted. Am J Med 1982;;73:229.
41 +
Mitchell CD, Gentry SR, Boen JR, et al:  Acyclovir therapy for mucocutaneous herpes simplex infections in immunocompromised patients . Lancet 1981;;1:1389-1392.
42 +
Bryson YJ, Dillon M, Lovett M, et al:  Treatment of first episodes of genital herpes simplex virus infection with oral acyclovir: A randomized double-blind controlled trial in normal subjects . N Engl J Med 1983;;308:916-921.
43 +
Nilsen AE, Aasen T, Halsos AM, et al:  Efficacy of oral acyclovir in the treatment of initial and recurrent genital herpes . Lancet 1982;;2:571-573.
44 +
Shepp DH, Newton BA, Dandliker PS, et al:  Oral acyclovir therapy for mucocutaneous herpes simplex virus infections in immunocompromised marrow transplant recipients . Ann Intern Med 1985;;102:783-785.
45 +
Douglas JM, Critchlow C, Benedetti J, et al:  A double-blind study of oral acyclovir for suppression of recurrences of genital herpes simplex virus infection . N Engl J Med 1984;;310:1551-1556.
46 +
Strauss SE, Seidlin M, Takiff H, et al:  Oral acyclovir to suppress recurring herpes simplex virus infections in immunodeficient patients . Ann Intern Med 1984;;100:522-524.
47 +
Balfour HH Jr, Bean B, Laskin OL, et al:  Acyclovir halts progression of herpes zoster in immunocompromised patients . N Engl J Med 1983;; 308:1448-1453.
48 +
McKendrick MW, McGill JI, Bell AM, et al:  Oral acyclovir for herpes zoster . Lancet 1984;;2:925.
49 +
Freitas VR, Smee DF, Chernow M, et al:  Activity of 9-(1,3-dihydroxy-2-propoxymethyl) guanine compared with that of acyclovir against human, monkey, and rodent cytomegaloviruses . Antimicrob Agents Chemother 1985;;28:240-245.
50 +
Felsenstein D, D'Amico DJ, Hirsch MS, et al:  Treatment of cytomegalovirus retinitis with 9[2-hydroxy-1(hydroxymethyl) ethoxymethyl] guanine . Ann Intern Med 1985;;103:377-380.
51 +
Bach MC, Bagwell SP, Knapp NP, et al:  9(1,3-dihydroxy-2-propoxymethyl) guanine for cytomegalovirus infections in patients with the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome . Ann Intern Med 1985;;103:381-382.
52 +
Shepp DH, Dandliker PS, de Miranda P, et al:  Activity of 9-[2-hydroxy-1(hydroxymethyl) ethoxymethyl] guanine in the treatment of cytomegalovirus pneumonia . Ann Intern Med 1985;;103: 368-373.
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Olweny CLM, Masaba JP, Sikyewunda W, et al:  Treatment of Kaposi's sarcoma with ICRF-159 (NSC 129943) . Cancer Treat Rep 1976;;60:111-113.
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Olweny CLM, Toya T, Katangole-Mbidde E, et al:  Treatment of Kaposi's sarcoma by a combination of actinomycin-D, vincristine and imidazole carboxamide: Results of a randomized clinical trial . Int J Cancer 1974;;14:649-656.
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Volberding PA, Abrams DI, Conant M, et al:  Vinblastine therapy for Kaposi's sarcoma in the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome . Ann Intern Med 1985;;103:335-338.
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Mintzer DM, Real FX, Jovino L, et al:  Treatment of Kaposi's sarcoma and thrombocytopenia with vincristine in patients with the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome . Ann Intern Med 1985;; 102:200-202.
58 +
Kaplan L, Volberding PA, Abrams DA:  Treatment of Kaposi's sarcoma (KS) in acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) with alternating vincristine-vinblastine . Cancer Treat Rep 1986;;70: 1121-1122.
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Laubenstein LJ, Krigel RL, Odajnyk CM, et al:  Treatment of epidemic Kaposi's sarcoma with etoposide or a combination of doxorubicin, bleomycin, and vinblastine . J Clin Oncol 1984;;2:1115-1120.
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Lewis B, Abrams D, Ziegler J, et al:  Single agent or combination chemotherapy of Kaposi's sarcoma (KS) in acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS), abstract C-232 , in ASCO Abstracts Annual Meeting . San Diego, American Society of Clinical Oncology, 1983;.
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Groopman JE, Gottlieb MS, Goodman J, et al:  Recombinant α-2 interferon therapy for Kaposi's sarcoma associated with the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome . Ann Intern Med 1984;;100: 671-676.
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Rios A, Mansell PWA, Newell GR, et al:  Treatment of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome-related Kaposi's sarcoma with lymphoblastoid interferon . J Clin Oncol 1985;;3:506-512.
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Harris JW, Reed TA:  Kaposi's sarcoma in AIDS: The role of radiation therapy . Front Radiat Ther Oncol 1985;;19:126-132.
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Cooper JS, Fried PR, Laubenstein LJ:  Initial observations of the effect of radiotherapy on epidemic Kaposi's sarcoma . JAMA 1984;;252:934-935.
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Ziegler JL, Beckstead JA, Volberding PA, et al:  Non-Hodgkin's lymphoma in 90 homosexual men: Relation to generalized lymphadenopathy and the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome . N Engl J Med 1984;;331:565.
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Kalter SP, Riggs SA, Cabanillas F, et al:  Aggressive non-Hodgkin's lymphoma in immunocompromised homosexual males . Blood 1985;;66: 655.
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Levine AM, Gill P, Meyer P, et al:  Retrovirus and malignant lymphoma in homosexual men . JAMA 1985;;254:1921.
69 +
Kaplan LD, Rainer C, Yeager D, et al:  Hodgkin's disease and non-Hodgkin's lymphoma in homosexual men . Read before the International Conference on AIDS, Paris, June 23-25,1986 .
70 +
Rook AH, Masur H, Lane C, et al:  Interleukin-2 enhances the depressed natural killer and cytomegalovirus-specific cytotoxic activities of lymphocytes from patients with the acquired immune deficiency syndrome . J Clin Invest 1983;;72: 398-403.
71 +
Volberding PA, Abrams D, Beardslee D, et al:  Recombinant interleukin-2 therapy of acquired immune deficiency syndrome . Read before the International Conference on AIDS, Paris, June 23-25, 1986 .
72 +
Grieco MH, Reddy MM, Manvar D, et al:  Invivo immunomodulation by isoprinosine in patients with the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome and related complexes . Ann Intern Med 1984;;101: 206-207.
73 +
Broder S, Collins JM, Markham PD, et al:  Effects of suramin on HTLV-III/LAV infection presenting as Kaposi's sarcoma or AIDS-related complex: Clinical pharmacology and suppression of virus replication in vivo . Lancet 1985;;2:627.
74 +
Rios A, Mansell P, Volsky D, et al:  The use of suramin in the treatment of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) related Kaposi's sarcoma (KS) . Read before the International Conference on AIDS, Paris, June 23-25, 1986 .
75 +
Levine AM, Gill PS, Cohen J, et al:  Suramin antiviral therapy in the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome . Ann Intern Med 1986;;105:32-37.
76 +
Wolfe PR, Gottlieb MS, Hardy WD, et al:  Suramin in AIDS and ARC: Results of a pilot toxicity/efficacy study . Read before the International Conference on AIDS, Paris, June 23-25, 1986 .
77 +
Kaplan LD, Abrams DA, Wong R, et al:  Failure of suramin as treatment for AIDS . Read before the International Conference on AIDS. Paris, June 23-25, 1986 .
78 +
Crumpacker C, Bubley G, Hussey S, et al:  Evaluation of oral ribavirin therapy on immunologic and viral parameters in AIDS and ARC . Read before the International Conference on AIDS, Paris, June 23-25, 1986 .
79 +
Yarchoan R, Weinhold KJ, Lyerly KH:  Administration of 3′-azido-3′-deoxythymidine, an inhibitor of HTLV-III/LAV replication, to patients with AIDS or AIDS-related complex . Lancet 1986;;1: 575-580.
80 +
Fischl M:  Treatment of AIDS with azidothymidine . Read before the 26th Interscience Conference on Antmicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy, New Orleans, Oct 29, 1986 .
81 +
Broder S:  Inhibition of the in vitro infectivity and cytopathic effect of HTLV-III/LAV by purines and pyrimidines with the ribose moiety in a 2′,3′-dideoxy-configuration . Read before the International Conference on AIDS, Paris, June 23-25, 1986 .
82 +
Fauci A, Lane HC:  Therapeutic approaches to the underlying immune defect in patients with AIDS . Read before the International Conference on AIDS, Paris, June 23-25,1986 .

Figures

Tables

Interactive Graphics

Video

Country-Specific Mortality and Growth Failure in Infancy and Yound Children and Association With Material Stature

Use interactive graphics and maps to view and sort country-specific infant and early dhildhood mortality and growth failure data and their association with maternal

1 +
Abrams DI, Dilley JW, Maxey LM, et al:  Routine care and psychosocial support of the AIDS patient . Med Clin North Am 1986;;70:707-720.
2 +
Gordin FM, Simon GL, Wofsy CB, et al:  Adverse reactions to trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole in patients with the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome . Ann Intern Med 1984;;100:495-499.
3 +
Small CB, Harris CA, Friedland GH, et al:  The treatment of Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome . Arch Intern Med 1985;;145:837-840.
4 +
Haverkos HW:  Assessment of therapy for Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia . Am J Med 1984;;76: 501-508.
5 +
Wharton M, Coleman DL, Fitz G, et al:  Trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole or pentamidine for Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome . Ann Intern Med 1986;;105:37-44.
6 +
Broaddus C, Dake MD, Stulbarg MS, et al:  Bronchoalveolar lavage and transbronchial biopsy for the diagnosis of pulmonary infections in the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome . Ann Intern Med 1985;;102:747-752.
7 +
Bigby TD, Margolskee D, Curtis JL, et al:  The usefulness of induced sputum in the diagnosis of Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in patients with the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome . Am Rev Respir Dis 1986;;133:515-518.
8 +
Jaffe HS, Abrams DI, Ammann AJ, et al:  Complications of co-trimoxazole in treatment of AIDS-associated Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in homosexual men . Lancet 1983;;2:1109-1111.
9 +
Sands M, Kron MA, Brown RB:  Pentamidine: A review . Rev Infect Dis 1985;;7:625-634.
10 +
Murray JF, Felton CP, Garay S, et al:  Pulmonary complications of the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome: Report of a National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute workshop . N Engl J Med 1984;;310:1682-1688.
11 +
Leoung GS, Mills J, Hopewell PC, et al:  Dapsone-trimethoprim for Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome . Ann Intern Med 1986;;105:45-48.
12 +
Mills J, Leoung G, Medina I, et al:  Dapsone alone in treatment of first episode Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (PCP) in patients with AIDS . Read before the International Conference on AIDS, Paris, June 23-25,1986 .
13 +
Golden JA, Sjoerdsma A, Santi DV:  Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia treated with α-diffluoromethylornithine: A prospective study among patients with the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome . West J Med 1984;;141:613-623.
14 +
Fischl MA, Dickinson GM:  Trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole prophylaxis of Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in acquired immunodeficiency syndrome . Read before the 25th Interscience Conference on Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy, Minneapolis, Sept 29-Oct 2,1985 .
15 +
Kaplan LD, Abrams DI, Wofsy CB, et al:  Trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole prophylaxis against Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) , abstracted. Clin Res 1986;;33:406A.
16 +
Gottlieb MS, Knight S, Mitsuyasu R, et al:  Prophylaxis of Pneumocystis carinii infection in AIDS with pyrimethamine-sulfadoxine . Lancet 1984;;2: 398-399.
17 +
 Revised recommendations for preventing malaria in travelers to areas with chloroquine resistant P. falciparum . MMWR 1985;;34:185-190.
18 +
Busch DF, Follansbee SE:  Continuation therapy with pentamidine isethionate for prevention of relapse of Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in AIDS . Read before the International Conference on AIDS, Paris, June 23-25,1986.
19 +
Zuger A, Louie E, Holzman RS, et al:  Cryptococcal disease in patients with the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome . Ann Intern Med 1986;; 104:234-240.
20 +
Zuger A, Louie E, Holzman RS, et al:  Cryptococcal disease in AIDS patients: Diagnostic feature and outcome of treatment . Read before the International Conference on Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome, Atlanta, April 14-17, 1985 .
21 +
Schuster M, Zuger A, Simberkoff MS, et al:  Maintenance therapy of cryptococcal meningitis in patients with AIDS . Read before the International Conference on AIDS, Paris, June 23-25, 1986 .
22 +
Levine HB:  Fluconazole in murine coccidioidomycosis . Read before the 26th Interscience Conference on Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy, New Orleans, Sept 28-Oct 1, 1986 .
23 +
Wong B, Gold JWM, Brown AE, et al:  Central nervous system toxoplasmosis in homosexual men and parenteral drug abusers . Ann Intern Med 1984;;100:36-42.
24 +
Leoung GS, Mills J, Hadley WK, et al:  Cerebral toxoplasmosis in AIDS patients: Clinical presentation with laboratory, radiographic and histologic correlations . Read before the International Conference on Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome, Atlanta, April 14-17, 1985 .
25 +
Luft BJ, Brooks RG, Conley FK, et al:  Toxoplasmic encephalitis in patients with the acquired immune deficiency syndrome . JAMA 1984;;252:913-915.
26 +
Bishburg E, Sunderam G, Reichman LB, et al:  Central nervous system tuberculosis with the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome and its related complex . Ann Intern Med 1986;;105:210-213.
27 +
Chan J, Luft BJ:  Activity of roxithromycin (RU28965) a macrolide against Toxoplasma gondii infection in mice . Antimicrob Agents Chemother 1986;;30:323-324.
28 +
Kovacs JA, Allegra CJ, Swan JC, et al:  Trimetrexate and BW301 two lipid soluble antifolates exert potent antitoxoplasma effects . Read before the 26th Interscience Conference on Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy, New Orleans, Oct 29, 1986 .
29 +
Soave R, Danner RL, Honig CL, et al:  Cryptosporidiosis in homosexual men . Ann Intern Med 1985;;102:593.
30 +
Portnoy D, Whiteside ME, Buckley E, et al:  Treatment of intestinal cryptosporidiosis with spiramycin . Ann Intern Med 1984;;101:202.
31 +
Soave R, Sjoerdsma A, Cawein MJ:  Treatment of cryptosporidiosis in AIDS patients with α-difluoromethylornithine . Read before the International Conference on Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome, Atlanta, April 14-17,1985 .
32 +
 Update: Treatment of cryptosporidiosis in patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) . MMWR 1984;;33:117-119.
33 +
Hawkins CC, Gold JMW, Whimbey E, et al:  Mycobacterium avium complex infections in patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome . Ann Intern Med 1986;;105:184-188.
34 +
Pitchenik AE, Burr J, Cole CH:  Tuberculin testing for persons with positive serologic studies for HTLV-III . N Engl J Med 1986;;314:447.
35 +
Pitchenik AE, Cole C, Russell BW, et al:  Tuberculosis, atypical mycobacteriosis, and the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome among Haitian and non-Haitian patients in South Florida . Ann Intern Med 1984;;101:641-645.
36 +
Klein RS, Harris CA, Small CB, et al:  Oral candidiasis in high-risk patients as the initial manifestation of the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome . N Engl J Med 1984;;311:354-358.
37 +
Quintiliani R, Owens NJ, Quercia RA, et al:  Treatment and prevention of oropharyngeal candidiasis . Am J Med 1984;;77:44-47.
38 +
Siegal FP, Lopez C, Hammer GS, et al:  Severe acquired immunodeficiency in male homosexuals, manifested by chronic perianal ulcerative herpes simplex lesions . N Engl J Med 1981;;305:1439-1444.
39 +
Goodell SE,Quinn TC, Mkrtichian PA-C, et al:  Herpes simplex virus proctitis in homosexual men: Clinical, sigmoidoscopic and histopathological features . N Engl J Med 1983;;308:868-871.
40 +
Meyers RD, Wade JC, Mitchell CD, et al:  Multicenter collaborative trial of intravenous acyclovir for treatment of mucocutaneous herpes simplex virus infection in the immunocompromised host , abstracted. Am J Med 1982;;73:229.
41 +
Mitchell CD, Gentry SR, Boen JR, et al:  Acyclovir therapy for mucocutaneous herpes simplex infections in immunocompromised patients . Lancet 1981;;1:1389-1392.
42 +
Bryson YJ, Dillon M, Lovett M, et al:  Treatment of first episodes of genital herpes simplex virus infection with oral acyclovir: A randomized double-blind controlled trial in normal subjects . N Engl J Med 1983;;308:916-921.
43 +
Nilsen AE, Aasen T, Halsos AM, et al:  Efficacy of oral acyclovir in the treatment of initial and recurrent genital herpes . Lancet 1982;;2:571-573.
44 +
Shepp DH, Newton BA, Dandliker PS, et al:  Oral acyclovir therapy for mucocutaneous herpes simplex virus infections in immunocompromised marrow transplant recipients . Ann Intern Med 1985;;102:783-785.
45 +
Douglas JM, Critchlow C, Benedetti J, et al:  A double-blind study of oral acyclovir for suppression of recurrences of genital herpes simplex virus infection . N Engl J Med 1984;;310:1551-1556.
46 +
Strauss SE, Seidlin M, Takiff H, et al:  Oral acyclovir to suppress recurring herpes simplex virus infections in immunodeficient patients . Ann Intern Med 1984;;100:522-524.
47 +
Balfour HH Jr, Bean B, Laskin OL, et al:  Acyclovir halts progression of herpes zoster in immunocompromised patients . N Engl J Med 1983;; 308:1448-1453.
48 +
McKendrick MW, McGill JI, Bell AM, et al:  Oral acyclovir for herpes zoster . Lancet 1984;;2:925.
49 +
Freitas VR, Smee DF, Chernow M, et al:  Activity of 9-(1,3-dihydroxy-2-propoxymethyl) guanine compared with that of acyclovir against human, monkey, and rodent cytomegaloviruses . Antimicrob Agents Chemother 1985;;28:240-245.
50 +
Felsenstein D, D'Amico DJ, Hirsch MS, et al:  Treatment of cytomegalovirus retinitis with 9[2-hydroxy-1(hydroxymethyl) ethoxymethyl] guanine . Ann Intern Med 1985;;103:377-380.
51 +
Bach MC, Bagwell SP, Knapp NP, et al:  9(1,3-dihydroxy-2-propoxymethyl) guanine for cytomegalovirus infections in patients with the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome . Ann Intern Med 1985;;103:381-382.
52 +
Shepp DH, Dandliker PS, de Miranda P, et al:  Activity of 9-[2-hydroxy-1(hydroxymethyl) ethoxymethyl] guanine in the treatment of cytomegalovirus pneumonia . Ann Intern Med 1985;;103: 368-373.
53 +
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