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January 2, 1987, Vol 257, No. 1 >
ARTICLE | January 2, 1987

The Influence of Immunity on Raw Milk— Associated Campylobacter Infection FREE

Martin J. Blaser, MD; Elizabeth Sazie, MD; L. Paul Williams, Jr, DVM
[+] Author Affiliations

Reprint requests to the Infectious Disease Section (111L), Veterans Administration Medical Center, 1055 Clermont St, Denver, CO 80220 (Dr Blaser).


JAMA. 1987;257(1):43-46. doi:10.1001/jama.1987.03390010047026
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References

After a retreat to an Oregon farm, 19 of 31 college students developed an acute gastrointestinal illness. Campylobacter jejuni infection was recognized in all the ill students and caused asymptomatic infections in three others. In total, 22 (88%) of 25 students who consumed raw milk for the first time became infected as compared with none of two who had not consumed raw milk. Among ten persons who chronically consumed raw milk, none was ill, a striking difference from the 76% attack rate among the 25 acutely exposed students. The quantity of raw milk consumed was directly related to the occurrence and severity of illness. Acutely infected students showed significant rises in C jejuni—specific immunoglobulins, whereas the low antibody levels seen in unexposed persons did not rise. In contrast, acute-phase serum samples from persons with chronic exposure to raw milk showed elevated antibody levels to C jejuni. These findings indicate that chronic raw milk consumption is associated with elevated levels of C jejuni— specific serum antibodies and with immunity to symptomatic infection.

(JAMA 1987;257:43-46)

REFERENCES

1 +
Blaser MJ, LaForce FM, Wilson NA, et al:  Reservoirs for human campylobacteriosis . J Infect Dis 1980;;141:665-669.
2 +
Skirrow MB:  Campylobacter enteritis—the first five years . J Hyg 1982;;89:175-184.
3 +
Taylor DN, Porter BW, Williams CA, et al:  Campylobacter enteritis: A large outbreak traced to commercial raw milk . West J Med 1982;;147:365-369.
4 +
Potter ME, Blaser MJ, Sikes RK, et al:  Human campylobacter infection associated with certified raw milk . Am J Epidemiol 1983;;117:475-483.
5 +
Porter IA, Reid TMS:  A milk-borne outbreak of Campylobacter infection . J Hyg Cambridge 1980;; 84:415-419.
6 +
Robinson DA, Jones DM:  Milk-borne campylobacter infection . Br Med J 1981;;282:1374-1376.
7 +
 Outbreak of Campylobacter enteritis associated with raw milk—Kansas . MMWR 1981;;30:218-220.
8 +
Korlath JA, Osterholm MT, Judy LA, et al:  A point-source outbreak of campylobacteriosis associated with consumption of raw milk . J Infect Dis 1985;;152:592-595.
9 +
Klein BS, Vergeront JM, Blaser MJ, et al:  Campylobacter infection associated with raw milk: An outbreak of gastroenteritis due to Campylobacter jejuni and thermotolerant Campylobacter fetus subsp fetus . JAMA 1986;;255:361-364.
10 +
Hudson PJ, Vogt RL, Brondum J, et al:  Isolation of Campylobacter jejuni from milk during an outbreak of campylobacteriosis . J Infect Dis 1984;; 150:789.
11 +
Glass RI, Huq MI, Stoll BJ, et al:  Family studies of Campylobacter jejuni in Bangladesh: Implications for pathogenesis and transmission , in Campylobacter II, proceedings of the Second International Workshop on Campylobacter Infections. London, Public Health Laboratory Service, 1983 , pp 141-142.
12 +
Glass R, Stoll BJ, Huq MI, et al:  Epidemiological and clinical features of endemic Campylobacter jejuni infection in Bangladesh . J Infect Dis 1983;;148:292-296.
13 +
Sazie ESM, Titus AE:  Rapid diagnosis of Campylobacter enteritis . Ann Intern Med 1982;; 96:62-63.
14 +
Blaser MJ, Berkowitz ID, LaForce FM, et al:  Campylobacter enteritis: Clinical and epidemiological features . Ann Intern Med 1979;;91:179-185.
15 +
Patton CM, Barrett JJ, Morris GK:  Comparison of the Penner and Lior methods for serotyping Campylobacter species . J Clin Microbiol 1985;;22: 558-565.
16 +
Blaser MJ, Duncan DJ:  Human serum antibody response to Campylobacter jejuni as measured in an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay . Infect Immun 1984;;44:292-298.
17 +
Fleiss JL: Statistical Methods for Rates and Proportions , ed 2. New York, John Wiley & Sons Inc, 1981;, pp 147-149.
18 +
Karmali MA, Fleming PC:  Campylobacter enteritis in children . J Pediatr 1979;;94:517-533.
19 +
Gordon K, Ertan A, Janney A, et al:  Campylobacter enteritis in New Orleans . South Med J 1983;; 76:855-885.
20 +
Blaser MJ, Checko P, Bopp C, et al:  Campylobacter enteritis associated with foodborne transmission . Am J Epidemiol 1982;;116:886-894.
21 +
Bille B, Mellvin T, Nordbring F:  An extensive outbreak of gastroenteritis caused by Salmonella newport . Acta Med Scand 1964;;175:557-567.
22 +
Blaser MJ, Hardesty HL, Powers B, et al:  Survival of Campylobacter fetus ssp. jejuni in biologic milieus . J Clin Microbiol 1980;;11:309-313.
23 +
Black RE, Levine MM, Brown KH, et al:  Immunity to Campylobacter jejuni in man , in Campylobacter III, proceedings of the Third International Workshop on Campylobacter Infections. London, Public Health Laboratory Service, 1985 , p 129.
24 +
Jones DM, Eldridge J, Dale B:  Serological response to Campylobacter jejuni/coli infection . J Clin Pathol 1980;;33:767-769.
25 +
Blaser MJ, Duncan DJ, Osterholm MT, et al:  Serologic study of two clusters of infection due to Campylobacter jejuni . J Infect Dis 1983;;147:820-823.
26 +
Kaldor J, Pritchard H:  Serum antibodies in Campylobacter enteritis . J Clin Microbiol 1983;; 18:1-4.
27 +
Jones DM, Robinson DA, Eldridge J:  Serological studies in two outbreaks of Campylobacter jejuni infection . J Hyg 1981;;87:163-170.
28 +
Blaser MJ, Black RE, Duncan DJ, et al:  Campylobacter jejuni—specific serum antibodies are elevated in healthy Bangladeshi children . J Clin Microbiol 1985;;21:164-167.
29 +
Blaser MJ, Taylor DN, Echeverria P:  Immune response to Campylobacter jejuni in a rural community in Thailand . J Infect Dis 1986;;153:249-254.
30 +
LaBrooy JT, Davidson GP, Shearman DJC, et al:  The antibody response to bacterial gastroenteritis in serum and secretions . Clin Exp Immunol 1980;;41:290-296.
31 +
Winsor DK, Mathewson JJ, DuPont HL:  Western blot analysis of intestinal secretory immunoglobulin A response to Campylobacter jejuni antigens in patients with naturally acquired Campylobacter enteritis . Gastroenterology 1986;;90: 1217-1222.
32 +
Ahnen DJ, Brown WR:  Campylobacter enteritis in immune-deficient patients . Ann Intern Med 1982;;96:187-188.
33 +
Johnson RJ, Wang SP, Shelton WR, et al:  Persistent Campylobacter jejuni infection in an immunocompromised host . Ann Intern Med 1984;; 100:832-834.
34 +
Melamed I:  Campylobacter enteritis in normal and immunodeficient children . AJDC 1983;;137: 752-754.
35 +
Quinn TC, Goodell SE, Fennell C, et al:  Infections with Campylobacter jejuni and Campylobacter-like organisms in homosexual men . Ann Intern Med 1984;;101:187-192.
36 +
Blaser MJ, Cohn DL:  Opportunistic infections in patients with AIDS: Clues to the epidemiology of AIDS and the relative virulence of pathogens . Rev Infect Dis 1986;;8:21-30.
37 +
Mitsukoshi S, Sato T, Tunaka T:  Experimental salmonellosis: Intracellular growth of Salmonella enteritidis ingested in mononuclear phagocytes of mice and cellular basis of immunity . J Bacteriol 1961;;81:863-871.
38 +
Jacobs JL, Gold JWM, Murray HW, et al:  Salmonella infections in patients with the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome . Ann Intern Med 1985;;102:186-188.

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Country-Specific Mortality and Growth Failure in Infancy and Yound Children and Association With Material Stature

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1 +
Blaser MJ, LaForce FM, Wilson NA, et al:  Reservoirs for human campylobacteriosis . J Infect Dis 1980;;141:665-669.
2 +
Skirrow MB:  Campylobacter enteritis—the first five years . J Hyg 1982;;89:175-184.
3 +
Taylor DN, Porter BW, Williams CA, et al:  Campylobacter enteritis: A large outbreak traced to commercial raw milk . West J Med 1982;;147:365-369.
4 +
Potter ME, Blaser MJ, Sikes RK, et al:  Human campylobacter infection associated with certified raw milk . Am J Epidemiol 1983;;117:475-483.
5 +
Porter IA, Reid TMS:  A milk-borne outbreak of Campylobacter infection . J Hyg Cambridge 1980;; 84:415-419.
6 +
Robinson DA, Jones DM:  Milk-borne campylobacter infection . Br Med J 1981;;282:1374-1376.
7 +
 Outbreak of Campylobacter enteritis associated with raw milk—Kansas . MMWR 1981;;30:218-220.
8 +
Korlath JA, Osterholm MT, Judy LA, et al:  A point-source outbreak of campylobacteriosis associated with consumption of raw milk . J Infect Dis 1985;;152:592-595.
9 +
Klein BS, Vergeront JM, Blaser MJ, et al:  Campylobacter infection associated with raw milk: An outbreak of gastroenteritis due to Campylobacter jejuni and thermotolerant Campylobacter fetus subsp fetus . JAMA 1986;;255:361-364.
10 +
Hudson PJ, Vogt RL, Brondum J, et al:  Isolation of Campylobacter jejuni from milk during an outbreak of campylobacteriosis . J Infect Dis 1984;; 150:789.
11 +
Glass RI, Huq MI, Stoll BJ, et al:  Family studies of Campylobacter jejuni in Bangladesh: Implications for pathogenesis and transmission , in Campylobacter II, proceedings of the Second International Workshop on Campylobacter Infections. London, Public Health Laboratory Service, 1983 , pp 141-142.
12 +
Glass R, Stoll BJ, Huq MI, et al:  Epidemiological and clinical features of endemic Campylobacter jejuni infection in Bangladesh . J Infect Dis 1983;;148:292-296.
13 +
Sazie ESM, Titus AE:  Rapid diagnosis of Campylobacter enteritis . Ann Intern Med 1982;; 96:62-63.
14 +
Blaser MJ, Berkowitz ID, LaForce FM, et al:  Campylobacter enteritis: Clinical and epidemiological features . Ann Intern Med 1979;;91:179-185.
15 +
Patton CM, Barrett JJ, Morris GK:  Comparison of the Penner and Lior methods for serotyping Campylobacter species . J Clin Microbiol 1985;;22: 558-565.
16 +
Blaser MJ, Duncan DJ:  Human serum antibody response to Campylobacter jejuni as measured in an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay . Infect Immun 1984;;44:292-298.
17 +
Fleiss JL: Statistical Methods for Rates and Proportions , ed 2. New York, John Wiley & Sons Inc, 1981;, pp 147-149.
18 +
Karmali MA, Fleming PC:  Campylobacter enteritis in children . J Pediatr 1979;;94:517-533.
19 +
Gordon K, Ertan A, Janney A, et al:  Campylobacter enteritis in New Orleans . South Med J 1983;; 76:855-885.
20 +
Blaser MJ, Checko P, Bopp C, et al:  Campylobacter enteritis associated with foodborne transmission . Am J Epidemiol 1982;;116:886-894.
21 +
Bille B, Mellvin T, Nordbring F:  An extensive outbreak of gastroenteritis caused by Salmonella newport . Acta Med Scand 1964;;175:557-567.
22 +
Blaser MJ, Hardesty HL, Powers B, et al:  Survival of Campylobacter fetus ssp. jejuni in biologic milieus . J Clin Microbiol 1980;;11:309-313.
23 +
Black RE, Levine MM, Brown KH, et al:  Immunity to Campylobacter jejuni in man , in Campylobacter III, proceedings of the Third International Workshop on Campylobacter Infections. London, Public Health Laboratory Service, 1985 , p 129.
24 +
Jones DM, Eldridge J, Dale B:  Serological response to Campylobacter jejuni/coli infection . J Clin Pathol 1980;;33:767-769.
25 +
Blaser MJ, Duncan DJ, Osterholm MT, et al:  Serologic study of two clusters of infection due to Campylobacter jejuni . J Infect Dis 1983;;147:820-823.
26 +
Kaldor J, Pritchard H:  Serum antibodies in Campylobacter enteritis . J Clin Microbiol 1983;; 18:1-4.
27 +
Jones DM, Robinson DA, Eldridge J:  Serological studies in two outbreaks of Campylobacter jejuni infection . J Hyg 1981;;87:163-170.
28 +
Blaser MJ, Black RE, Duncan DJ, et al:  Campylobacter jejuni—specific serum antibodies are elevated in healthy Bangladeshi children . J Clin Microbiol 1985;;21:164-167.
29 +
Blaser MJ, Taylor DN, Echeverria P:  Immune response to Campylobacter jejuni in a rural community in Thailand . J Infect Dis 1986;;153:249-254.
30 +
LaBrooy JT, Davidson GP, Shearman DJC, et al:  The antibody response to bacterial gastroenteritis in serum and secretions . Clin Exp Immunol 1980;;41:290-296.
31 +
Winsor DK, Mathewson JJ, DuPont HL:  Western blot analysis of intestinal secretory immunoglobulin A response to Campylobacter jejuni antigens in patients with naturally acquired Campylobacter enteritis . Gastroenterology 1986;;90: 1217-1222.
32 +
Ahnen DJ, Brown WR:  Campylobacter enteritis in immune-deficient patients . Ann Intern Med 1982;;96:187-188.
33 +
Johnson RJ, Wang SP, Shelton WR, et al:  Persistent Campylobacter jejuni infection in an immunocompromised host . Ann Intern Med 1984;; 100:832-834.
34 +
Melamed I:  Campylobacter enteritis in normal and immunodeficient children . AJDC 1983;;137: 752-754.
35 +
Quinn TC, Goodell SE, Fennell C, et al:  Infections with Campylobacter jejuni and Campylobacter-like organisms in homosexual men . Ann Intern Med 1984;;101:187-192.
36 +
Blaser MJ, Cohn DL:  Opportunistic infections in patients with AIDS: Clues to the epidemiology of AIDS and the relative virulence of pathogens . Rev Infect Dis 1986;;8:21-30.
37 +
Mitsukoshi S, Sato T, Tunaka T:  Experimental salmonellosis: Intracellular growth of Salmonella enteritidis ingested in mononuclear phagocytes of mice and cellular basis of immunity . J Bacteriol 1961;;81:863-871.
38 +
Jacobs JL, Gold JWM, Murray HW, et al:  Salmonella infections in patients with the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome . Ann Intern Med 1985;;102:186-188.

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