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March 14, 1986, Vol 255, No. 10 >
ARTICLE | March 14, 1986

Increasing the Effort Toward Breast Cancer Detection FREE

Michael D. Wertheimer, MD; Mary E. Costanza, MD; Thomas F. Dodson, MD; Carl D'Orsi, MD; Harris Pastides, PhD; Jane G. Zapka, ScD
[+] Author Affiliations

Reprint requests to Department of Surgery, University of Massachusetts Medical Center, 55 Lake Ave N, Worcester, MA 01605 (Dr Wertheimer).


JAMA. 1986;255(10):1311-1315. doi:10.1001/jama.1986.03370100105026
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References

IN 1985, cancer continued to be the second-leading cause of death in the United States, and cancer of the breast accounts for more deaths of American women than any other malignancy except for lung cancer. It is estimated that, in 1986, a total of 119,000 women will develop cancer of the breast, and approximately 39,000 women will die of this disease.1 Because breast cancer will develop in one of every 11 women (9%), all women should be considered at risk for the development of breast cancer.2 Women themselves are well aware of the breast cancer problem. In a survey done by the National Institutes of Health in 1979, over three fourths of the respondents thought that cancer was the greatest health concern for women today, and nearly half mentioned breast cancer specifically.3 Since the five- and ten-year survival of women with breast tumors relates directly to tumor

REFERENCES

1 +
 Cancer statistics, 1985 . CA 1985;;35:1-64.
2 +
 Early detection of breast cancer, COUNCIL REPORT . JAMA 1984;;252:3008-3011.
3 +
 Survey finds US women knowledgeable about breast cancer, FROM THE NIH . JAMA 1984;; 245:918.
4 +
Henderson IC, Canellos GP:  Medical progress: Cancer of the breast: The past decade (first of two parts) . N Engl J Med 1980;;302:17-30.
5 +
Humphrey LJ:  Early detection of breast cancer: Benefit versus risk . Am J Surg 1977;; 133:265-266.
6 +
Strax P:  Mass screening for control of breast cancer . CA 1984;;43:665-670.
7 +
Saltzstein SL:  Potential limits of physical examination and breast self-examination in detecting small cancers of the breast: An unselected population-based study of 1302 cases . CA 1984;;54:1443-1446.
8 +
Harris JR, Hellman S, Canellos GP, et al:  Cancer of the breast , in DeVita V Jr, Hellman S, Rosenberg S (eds): Cancer: Principles and Practice of Oncology , ed 2. New York, Harper & Row Publishers Inc, 1985;, pp 1119-1178.
9 +
Albana WA, Organ CH:  Natural history of lymph-node-negative breast cancer . Surgery 1979;;86:574-577.
10 +
Fisher B, Redmond C, Fisher E, et al:  Ten-year results of a randomized clinical trial comparing radical mastectomy and total mastectomy with or without radiation . N Engl J Med 1985;;312:674-681.
11 +
Vaitukaitis JL:  Sounding board: Breast-cancer management: Alternatives to radical mastectomy . N Engl J Med 1979;;301:326-328.
12 +
Robinson GN, Van Heerdin JA, Payne WS, et al:  The primary surgical treatment of carcinoma of breast: A changing trend toward modified radical mastectomy . Mayo Clin Proc 1976;;51:433-442.
13 +
Baker RR, Montague ACW, Shilds JN:  A comparison of modified radical mastectomy to radical mastectomy in the treatment of operable breast cancer . Ann Surg 1979;;189:553-559.
14 +
Maddox WA, Carpenter JT, Laws HL, et al:  A randomized prospective trial of radical (Halsted) mastectomy versus modified radical mastectomy in 311 breast cancer patients . Ann Surg 1983;;198:207-212.
15 +
Fisher B, Bauer M, Margolese R:  Five-year results of a randomized clinical trial comparing total mastectomy and segmental mastectomy with or without radiation in the treatment of breast cancer . N Engl J Med 1985;;312:665-673.
16 +
Gullino PM:  Natural history of breast cancer: Progression from hyperplasia to neoplasia as predicted by angiogenesis . CA 1977;; 39:2697-2703.
17 +
Shapiro S:  Evidence on screening for breast cancer from a randomized trial . CA 1977;;39:2772-2782.
18 +
Baker LH:  Breast cancer detection demonstration project: Five-year summary report . CA 1982;;32:194-225.
19 +
Shapiro S, Venet W, Strax P, et al:  Ten-to-14-year effect of screening on breast cancer mortality . JNCI 1982;;29:349-355.
20 +
Bland KI, Buchanan JB, Mills DL, et al:  Analysis of breast cancer screening in women younger than 50 years . JAMA 1981;;245:1037-1042.
21 +
Moskowitz M, Gartside PS:  Evidence of breast cancer mortality reduction: Aggressive screening in women under age 50 . AJR 1982;; 138:911-916.
22 +
Tabar L, Gad A, Holmerg LH, et al:  Reduction in mortality from breast cancer after mass screening with mammography . Lancet 1985;;1:829-832.
23 +
Weber AO, Weber IF:  Preclinical breast cancer detection as a measure of screening mammography use in community practice . Dis Breast 1984;;10:5-7.
24 +
Lamas AM, Horowitz RI, Peck D:  Usefulness of mammography in the diagnosis and management of breast disease in postmenopausal women . JAMA 1984;;252:2999-3002.
25 +
Kopans DB, Meyer JE, Sadowsky N:  Medical progress: Breast imaging . N Engl J Med 1984;;310:960-967.
26 +
McLelland R:  Mammography 1984: Challenge to radiology . AJR 1984;;143:1-4.
27 +
Feig SA:  Radiation risk from mammography: Is it clinically significant? AJR 1984;; 143:469-475.
28 +
Fox SH, Moskowitz M, Saenger EL, et al:  Benefit/risk analysis of aggressive mammographic screening . Radiology 1978;;128:359-365.
29 +
Strax P:  Screening for early breast cancer detection , in Thirteenth International Cancer Congress: Part E. Cancer Management . New York, Alan R Liss Inc, 1983;.
30 +
 Adjuvant chemotherapy for breast cancer, CONSENSUS CONFERENCE . JAMA 1985;;254:3461-3463.
31 +
Peto R:  Review of mortality results in randomized trials in early breast cancer . Lancet 1984;;2:1205.
32 +
Costanza M:  Adjuvant chemotherapy, eight years later . JAMA 1984;;252:2611-2612.
33 +
Kelsey JL:  A review of the epidemiology of human breast cancer . Epidemiol Rev 1979;;1:74-109.
34 +
Feig SA:  Assessment of the hypothetical risk from mammography and evaluation of the potential benefit . Radiol Clin North Am 1983;; 21:173-191.
35 +
Moskowitz M, Fox SH:  Cost analysis of aggressive breast cancer screening . Radiology 1979;;130:253-256.
36 +
Eddy DM: Screening for Cancer: Theory, Analysis, and Design . Englewood Cliffs, NJ, Prentice-Hall Inc, 1980;.
37 +
Eddy DM, Shwarts M:  Mathematical models in screening , in Schottenfeld D, Graumeni J (eds): Cancer Epidemiology and Prevention . Philadelphia, WB Saunders Co, 1982;.
38 +
Holleb AI:  Survey of physicians' attitudes and practices in early cancer detection . CA 1985;;35:197-213.

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Country-Specific Mortality and Growth Failure in Infancy and Yound Children and Association With Material Stature

Use interactive graphics and maps to view and sort country-specific infant and early dhildhood mortality and growth failure data and their association with maternal

1 +
 Cancer statistics, 1985 . CA 1985;;35:1-64.
2 +
 Early detection of breast cancer, COUNCIL REPORT . JAMA 1984;;252:3008-3011.
3 +
 Survey finds US women knowledgeable about breast cancer, FROM THE NIH . JAMA 1984;; 245:918.
4 +
Henderson IC, Canellos GP:  Medical progress: Cancer of the breast: The past decade (first of two parts) . N Engl J Med 1980;;302:17-30.
5 +
Humphrey LJ:  Early detection of breast cancer: Benefit versus risk . Am J Surg 1977;; 133:265-266.
6 +
Strax P:  Mass screening for control of breast cancer . CA 1984;;43:665-670.
7 +
Saltzstein SL:  Potential limits of physical examination and breast self-examination in detecting small cancers of the breast: An unselected population-based study of 1302 cases . CA 1984;;54:1443-1446.
8 +
Harris JR, Hellman S, Canellos GP, et al:  Cancer of the breast , in DeVita V Jr, Hellman S, Rosenberg S (eds): Cancer: Principles and Practice of Oncology , ed 2. New York, Harper & Row Publishers Inc, 1985;, pp 1119-1178.
9 +
Albana WA, Organ CH:  Natural history of lymph-node-negative breast cancer . Surgery 1979;;86:574-577.
10 +
Fisher B, Redmond C, Fisher E, et al:  Ten-year results of a randomized clinical trial comparing radical mastectomy and total mastectomy with or without radiation . N Engl J Med 1985;;312:674-681.
11 +
Vaitukaitis JL:  Sounding board: Breast-cancer management: Alternatives to radical mastectomy . N Engl J Med 1979;;301:326-328.
12 +
Robinson GN, Van Heerdin JA, Payne WS, et al:  The primary surgical treatment of carcinoma of breast: A changing trend toward modified radical mastectomy . Mayo Clin Proc 1976;;51:433-442.
13 +
Baker RR, Montague ACW, Shilds JN:  A comparison of modified radical mastectomy to radical mastectomy in the treatment of operable breast cancer . Ann Surg 1979;;189:553-559.
14 +
Maddox WA, Carpenter JT, Laws HL, et al:  A randomized prospective trial of radical (Halsted) mastectomy versus modified radical mastectomy in 311 breast cancer patients . Ann Surg 1983;;198:207-212.
15 +
Fisher B, Bauer M, Margolese R:  Five-year results of a randomized clinical trial comparing total mastectomy and segmental mastectomy with or without radiation in the treatment of breast cancer . N Engl J Med 1985;;312:665-673.
16 +
Gullino PM:  Natural history of breast cancer: Progression from hyperplasia to neoplasia as predicted by angiogenesis . CA 1977;; 39:2697-2703.
17 +
Shapiro S:  Evidence on screening for breast cancer from a randomized trial . CA 1977;;39:2772-2782.
18 +
Baker LH:  Breast cancer detection demonstration project: Five-year summary report . CA 1982;;32:194-225.
19 +
Shapiro S, Venet W, Strax P, et al:  Ten-to-14-year effect of screening on breast cancer mortality . JNCI 1982;;29:349-355.
20 +
Bland KI, Buchanan JB, Mills DL, et al:  Analysis of breast cancer screening in women younger than 50 years . JAMA 1981;;245:1037-1042.
21 +
Moskowitz M, Gartside PS:  Evidence of breast cancer mortality reduction: Aggressive screening in women under age 50 . AJR 1982;; 138:911-916.
22 +
Tabar L, Gad A, Holmerg LH, et al:  Reduction in mortality from breast cancer after mass screening with mammography . Lancet 1985;;1:829-832.
23 +
Weber AO, Weber IF:  Preclinical breast cancer detection as a measure of screening mammography use in community practice . Dis Breast 1984;;10:5-7.
24 +
Lamas AM, Horowitz RI, Peck D:  Usefulness of mammography in the diagnosis and management of breast disease in postmenopausal women . JAMA 1984;;252:2999-3002.
25 +
Kopans DB, Meyer JE, Sadowsky N:  Medical progress: Breast imaging . N Engl J Med 1984;;310:960-967.
26 +
McLelland R:  Mammography 1984: Challenge to radiology . AJR 1984;;143:1-4.
27 +
Feig SA:  Radiation risk from mammography: Is it clinically significant? AJR 1984;; 143:469-475.
28 +
Fox SH, Moskowitz M, Saenger EL, et al:  Benefit/risk analysis of aggressive mammographic screening . Radiology 1978;;128:359-365.
29 +
Strax P:  Screening for early breast cancer detection , in Thirteenth International Cancer Congress: Part E. Cancer Management . New York, Alan R Liss Inc, 1983;.
30 +
 Adjuvant chemotherapy for breast cancer, CONSENSUS CONFERENCE . JAMA 1985;;254:3461-3463.
31 +
Peto R:  Review of mortality results in randomized trials in early breast cancer . Lancet 1984;;2:1205.
32 +
Costanza M:  Adjuvant chemotherapy, eight years later . JAMA 1984;;252:2611-2612.
33 +
Kelsey JL:  A review of the epidemiology of human breast cancer . Epidemiol Rev 1979;;1:74-109.
34 +
Feig SA:  Assessment of the hypothetical risk from mammography and evaluation of the potential benefit . Radiol Clin North Am 1983;; 21:173-191.
35 +
Moskowitz M, Fox SH:  Cost analysis of aggressive breast cancer screening . Radiology 1979;;130:253-256.
36 +
Eddy DM: Screening for Cancer: Theory, Analysis, and Design . Englewood Cliffs, NJ, Prentice-Hall Inc, 1980;.
37 +
Eddy DM, Shwarts M:  Mathematical models in screening , in Schottenfeld D, Graumeni J (eds): Cancer Epidemiology and Prevention . Philadelphia, WB Saunders Co, 1982;.
38 +
Holleb AI:  Survey of physicians' attitudes and practices in early cancer detection . CA 1985;;35:197-213.

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