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June 14, 1985, Vol 253, No. 22 >
ARTICLE | June 14, 1985

Nutritional Improvement of Poor Urban Preschool Children: Title and subTitle BreakA 1983-1977 Comparison FREE

Paul Zee, MD, PhD; Marina DeLeon, MD; Paula Roberson, PhD; Chen-Hsin Chen, PhD
[+] Author Affiliations

Read in part before the American Society of Clinical Nutrition, Washington, DC, May 4, 1984.

Reprint requests to the Division of Nutrition, St Jude Children's Research Hospital, PO Box 318, Memphis, TN 38101 (Dr Zee).


JAMA. 1985;253(22):3269-3272. doi:10.1001/jama.1985.03350460069023
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References

The nutritional status of preschool children from 1,219 families living in an urban poverty area was surveyed in 1983 and these results were compared with findings from a similar survey of the same community done in 1977. A second comparison was made of children whose families participated in a commodity supplementary food program and those whose families did not participate. Results of the 1983 survey indicated improvements in median serum levels of vitamins A and C, hemoglobin, and red blood cell volume. Nevertheless, 9% to 18% of the children had low or deficient levels of vitamins A, C, B1, and B2, hemoglobin, serum iron, and transferrin saturation. Also a greater number of the preschoolers were categorized as thin. Annual incomes for families had significantly decreased from 1977 when the median value for food recipients was $3,078 to a median of $1,848 in 1983. Considering the decrease in other resources, federal food assistance programs seem to be the only identifiable factor contributing to the improvement in nutritional status over 1977.

(JAMA 1985;253:3269-3272)

REFERENCES

1 +
Kafatos AG, Zee P:  Nutritional benefits from federal food assistance . AJDC 1977;;131:265-269.
2 +
Edozien JC, Switzer BR, Bryan RB:  Medical evaluation of the special supplemental food program for women, infants, and children . Am J Clin Nutr 1979;;32:677-692.
3 +
United States Conference of Mayors: Hunger in American Cities . Washington, DC, (June) 1983;.
4 +
Citizens' Commission on Hunger in New England: American Hunger Crisis, Poverty and Health in New England . Cambridge, Mass, Harvard University School of Public Health, 1984;.
5 +
Bureau of the Census: Tennessee, pt 44, in General Population Characteristics, chap B, in Characteristics of the Population, vol 1, in 1980 Census of Population . Washington, DC, US Dept of Commerce, (August) 1982;.
6 +
1981 Memphis (Shelby County, Tenn) City Directory . Taylor, Mich, RL Polk & Co Publishers, 1981;.
7 +
Burke RE: Summary of 1980 Vital Statistics for Memphis and Shelby County Residents . Memphis, Memphis and Shelby County Health Department, (April 17) , 1981;.
8 +
1977 Memphis (Shelby County, Tenn) City Directory . Taylor, Mich, RL Polk & Co Publishers, 1977;.
9 +
Zee P, Walters T, Mitchell C:  Nutrition and poverty preschool children . JAMA 1970;;213:739-749.
10 +
Fomon SJ: Nutritional Disorders of Children: Prevention, Screening, and Follow-up , US Dept of Health, Education, and Welfare publication (HSA) 76-5612. Rockville, Md, Bureau of Community Health Services, 1976;.
11 +
Nichaman MZ:  Developing a nutritional surveillance system . J Am Diet Assoc 1974;; 65:15-17.
12 +
Stuart HC, Stevenson SS:  Physical growth and development , in Vaughn VC III, McKay RJ (eds): Nelson Textbook of Pediatrics , ed 10. Philadelphia, WB Saunders Co, 1975;.
13 +
Hamill PVV: National Center of Health Statistics Growth Curves for Children , Vital and Health Statistics Series 11, No. (165) . US Dept of Health, Education, and Welfare, Public Health Service, 1977;.
14 +
Sauberlich HE, Dowdy RP, Shala JH: Laboratory Tests for the Assessment of Nutritional Status . Cleveland, CRC Press Inc, 1976;.
15 +
Yeh YY, Zee P:  Micromethod for determining total iron-binding capacity by flameless atomic absorption spectrophotometry . Clin Chem 1974;;20:360-364.
16 +
Dallman PR, Siimes MA:  Percentile curves for hemoglobin and red cell volume in infancy and childhood . J Pediatr 1979;;94:26-31.
17 +
Welniak EJ, Fendler C:  Money income and poverty status of families and persons in the US: 1983 . Consumer Income , series P-60, No. (145) . Washington, DC, US Dept of Commerce, 1984;.
18 +
Centers for Disease Control: Nutrition Surveillance , publication 740-010-4518. Washington, DC, US Dept of Health and Human Services, 1980;.
19 +
The Commonwealth of Massachusetts, Executive Office of Human Services, Department of Public Health: 1983 Massachusetts Nutrition Survey Executive Summary . Boston, (Oct 31) , 1983;.

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Country-Specific Mortality and Growth Failure in Infancy and Yound Children and Association With Material Stature

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1 +
Kafatos AG, Zee P:  Nutritional benefits from federal food assistance . AJDC 1977;;131:265-269.
2 +
Edozien JC, Switzer BR, Bryan RB:  Medical evaluation of the special supplemental food program for women, infants, and children . Am J Clin Nutr 1979;;32:677-692.
3 +
United States Conference of Mayors: Hunger in American Cities . Washington, DC, (June) 1983;.
4 +
Citizens' Commission on Hunger in New England: American Hunger Crisis, Poverty and Health in New England . Cambridge, Mass, Harvard University School of Public Health, 1984;.
5 +
Bureau of the Census: Tennessee, pt 44, in General Population Characteristics, chap B, in Characteristics of the Population, vol 1, in 1980 Census of Population . Washington, DC, US Dept of Commerce, (August) 1982;.
6 +
1981 Memphis (Shelby County, Tenn) City Directory . Taylor, Mich, RL Polk & Co Publishers, 1981;.
7 +
Burke RE: Summary of 1980 Vital Statistics for Memphis and Shelby County Residents . Memphis, Memphis and Shelby County Health Department, (April 17) , 1981;.
8 +
1977 Memphis (Shelby County, Tenn) City Directory . Taylor, Mich, RL Polk & Co Publishers, 1977;.
9 +
Zee P, Walters T, Mitchell C:  Nutrition and poverty preschool children . JAMA 1970;;213:739-749.
10 +
Fomon SJ: Nutritional Disorders of Children: Prevention, Screening, and Follow-up , US Dept of Health, Education, and Welfare publication (HSA) 76-5612. Rockville, Md, Bureau of Community Health Services, 1976;.
11 +
Nichaman MZ:  Developing a nutritional surveillance system . J Am Diet Assoc 1974;; 65:15-17.
12 +
Stuart HC, Stevenson SS:  Physical growth and development , in Vaughn VC III, McKay RJ (eds): Nelson Textbook of Pediatrics , ed 10. Philadelphia, WB Saunders Co, 1975;.
13 +
Hamill PVV: National Center of Health Statistics Growth Curves for Children , Vital and Health Statistics Series 11, No. (165) . US Dept of Health, Education, and Welfare, Public Health Service, 1977;.
14 +
Sauberlich HE, Dowdy RP, Shala JH: Laboratory Tests for the Assessment of Nutritional Status . Cleveland, CRC Press Inc, 1976;.
15 +
Yeh YY, Zee P:  Micromethod for determining total iron-binding capacity by flameless atomic absorption spectrophotometry . Clin Chem 1974;;20:360-364.
16 +
Dallman PR, Siimes MA:  Percentile curves for hemoglobin and red cell volume in infancy and childhood . J Pediatr 1979;;94:26-31.
17 +
Welniak EJ, Fendler C:  Money income and poverty status of families and persons in the US: 1983 . Consumer Income , series P-60, No. (145) . Washington, DC, US Dept of Commerce, 1984;.
18 +
Centers for Disease Control: Nutrition Surveillance , publication 740-010-4518. Washington, DC, US Dept of Health and Human Services, 1980;.
19 +
The Commonwealth of Massachusetts, Executive Office of Human Services, Department of Public Health: 1983 Massachusetts Nutrition Survey Executive Summary . Boston, (Oct 31) , 1983;.

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