0
September 7, 1984, Vol 252, No. 9 >
ARTICLE | September 7, 1984

Opiate Antagonists and Thyrotropin-Releasing Hormone: Title and subTitle BreakI. Potential Role in the Treatment of Shock FREE

Alan I. Faden, MD
[+] Author Affiliations

Reprint requests to Department of Neurology, Veterans Administration Medical Center, 4150 Clement St, San Francisco, CA 94121.


JAMA. 1984;252(9):1177-1180. doi:10.1001/jama.1984.03350090053022
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Published online
Article
References

DURING the past decade, a large number of peptides have been found in the brain and spinal cord. These neuropeptides appear to act as transmitters or modulators and, in many cases, have been found to be colocalized in synaptic terminals with "classic" neurotransmitters. More specific physiological and pathophysiological roles for these substances have been suggested, ie, endogenous opioids (endorphins) in pain transmission and autonomic regulation. In 1978, J. W. Holaday and I proposed that endorphins were major factors contributing to the pathophysiology of shock and subsequently demonstrated that administration of opiate receptor antagonists, like naloxone hydrochloride, significantly improved physiological variables and survival in a variety of experimental shock models.1-3 In 1981, we showed that large pharmacologic doses of thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH), possibly by acting as a "physiological" antagonist of endorphin systems, also significantly improved cardiovascular function and survival in experimental shock.4 Since these initial reports, a large body of

REFERENCES

1 +
Holaday JW, Faden AI:  Naloxone reversal of endotoxin hypotension suggests role of endorphins in shock . Nature 1978;;275:450-451.
2 +
Faden AI, Holaday JW:  Opiate antagonists: A role in the treatment of hypovolemic shock . Science 1979;;205:317-318.
3 +
Faden AI, Jacobs TP, Holaday JW:  Endorphin-parasympathetic interaction in spinal shock . J Auton Nerv Syst 1980;;2:295-304.
4 +
Holaday JW, D'Amato R, Faden AI:  Thyrotropin-releasing hormone improves cardiovascular function in experimental endotoxic and hemorrhagic shock . Science 1981;;213:216-218.
5 +
Faden AI:  Neuropeptides in shock and neural injury , in Chernow B, Lake CR (eds): The Pharmacologic Approach to the Critically Ill Patient . Baltimore, Williams & Wilkins Co, 1983;, pp 636-649.
6 +
Holaday JW:  Cardiovascular effects of endogenous opiate systems . Ann Rev Pharmacol Toxicol 1983;;23:541-594.
7 +
Zukin RS, Zukin SR:  Multiple opiate receptors: Emerging concepts . Life Sci 1981;;29:2681-2690.
8 +
Cox BM:  Endogenous opioid peptides: A guide to structures and terminology . Life Sci 1982;;31:1645-1658.
9 +
Wuster M, Schulz R, Herz A:  Multiple opiate receptors in peripheral tissue preparation . Biochem Pharmacol 1981;;30:1983.
10 +
Holaday JW, Pasternak GW, Faden AI:  Naloxazone pretreatment modified cardiorespiratory temperature and behavioral effects of morphine . Neurosci Lett 1983;;37:199-204.
11 +
Sawynok J, Pinsky C, LaBella FA:  Mini review on the specificity of naloxone as an opiate antagonist . Life Sci 1979;;25;1631-1632.
12 +
Faden AI, Holaday JW:  Naloxone treatment of endotoxin shock: Stereospecificity of physiologic and pharmacologic effects in the rat . J Pharmacol Exp Ther 1980;;212:441-447.
13 +
Reynolds DG, Gurll NJ, Vargish T, et al:  Blockade of opiate receptors with naloxone improves survival and cardiac performance in canine endotoxic shock . Circ Shock 1980;;7:29-48.
14 +
Vargish T, Reynolds DG, Gurll NJ, et al:  Naloxone reversal of hypovolemic shock in dogs . Circ Shock 1980;;7:31-38.
15 +
Holaday JW, Faden AI:  Naloxone treatment in shock . Lancet 1981;;2:201.
16 +
Gurll NJ, Reynolds DG, Vargish T, et al:  Naloxone without transfusion prolongs survival and enhances cardiovascular function in hypovolemic shock . J Pharmacol Exp Ther 1982;; 220:621-624.
17 +
Schadt JC, York DH:  The reversal of hemorrhagic hypotension by naloxone in the awake rabbit . Fed Proc 1980;;39:843.
18 +
Carr DB, Bergland R, Hamilton A, et al:  Endotoxin-stimulated opioid peptide secretion: Two secretory pools and feedback control in vivo . Science 1982;;217:845-848.
19 +
Hinshaw LB, Beller BK, Chang ACK, et al:  Naloxone treatment for E. coli-induced shock benefits dogs, but fails to prevent death of baboons . Fed Proc 1984;;43:757.
20 +
Haladay JW, Faden AI:  Naloxone acts at central opiate receptors to reverse hypotension, hypothermia, and hypoventilation in spinal shock . Brain Res 1980;;189:295-299.
21 +
Janssen HF, Lutherer LO:  Ventriculocisternal administration of naloxone protects against severe hypotension during endotoxin shock . Brain Res 1980;;194:608-612.
22 +
Holaday JW, D'Amato RJ, Ruvio BA, et al:  Adrenalectomy blocks pressor responses to naloxone in endotoxic shock: Evidence for sympatho-medullary involvement . Circ Shock 1983;; 11:201-210.
23 +
Patton ML, Gurll NJ, Reynolds DG, et al:  Adrenalectomy abolishes and cortisol restores naloxone's beneficial effects on cardiovascular function and survival in canine hemorrhagic shock . Circ Shock 1983;;10:317-327.
24 +
Vargish T, Reynolds DG, Gurll NJ, et al:  The interaction of corticosteroid and naloxone in canine hemorrhagic shock . J Surg Res 1982;; 32:289-295.
25 +
Peters WP, Johnson MW, Friedman PA, et al:  Pressor effect of naloxone in septic shock . Lancet 1981;;1:529-532.
26 +
Weissglas IS, Hinchey EJ, Chiu RCJ:  Naloxone and methylprednisolone in the treatment of experimental septic shock . J Surg Res 1982;;33:131-135.
27 +
Holaday JW, O'Hara M, Faden AI:  Hypophysectomy alters cardiorespiratory variables: Central effects of pituitary endorphins in shock . Am J Physiol 1981;;241:H479-H485.
28 +
Faden AI, Jacobs TP, Holaday JW:  Endorphins in experimental spinal injury: Therapeutic effect of naloxone . Ann Neurol 1981;;10:326-332.
29 +
Bone RC, Jacobs ER, Potter DM, et al:  Endorphins in endotoxin shock . Microcirculation 1981;;1:285-295.
30 +
Feuerstein GZ, Faden AI:  Differential cardiovascular effects of mu, delta and kappa opiate receptors at discrete hypothalamic sites in the anesthetized rat . Life Sci 1982;;31:2197-2200.
31 +
Feuerstein G, Molineaux CJ, Rosenberger JG, et al:  Vasopressin and opioid peptide relationships in discrete cardiovascular nuclei of rats exposed to hypovolemia hypotension . Soc Neurosci Abstr , in press.
32 +
Holaday JW, D'Amato RJ, Ruvio BA, et al:  Action of naloxone and TRH on the autonomic regulation of circulation , in Costa E, Trabucchi M (eds): Advances in Biochemical Psychopharmacology . New York, Raven Press, 1982;, pp 353-362.
33 +
Curtis MT, Lefer AM:  Beneficial action of a new opiate antagonist (WIN 44,441-3) in hemorrhagic shock . Eur J Pharmacol 1982;; 78:307-313.
34 +
Holaday JW, Ruvio BA, Robles LE, et al:  M154,129, a putative δ agonist, reverses endotoxic shock without altering morphine analgesia . Life Sci , in press.
35 +
Curtis MT, Lefer AM:  Action of opiate antagonists with selective receptor interactions in hemorrhagic shock . Circ Shock 1983;;10:131-145.
36 +
Faden AI, Feuerstein G:  Hypothalamic regulation of the cardiovascular and respiratory systems: Role of specific opiate receptors . Br J Pharmacol 1983;;79:997-1002.
37 +
Hassen AH, Feuerstein G, Faden AI:  μ Receptors and opioid cardiovascular effects in the NTS of rat . Peptides 1982;;3:1031-1037.
38 +
Pfeiffer A, Feuerstein G, Kopin IJ, et al:  Cardiovascular and respiratory effects of mu-, delta- and kappa-opiate agonists microinjected into the anterior hypothalamic brain area of awake rats . J Pharmacol Exp Ther 1983;;225:735-741.
39 +
Holaday JW, Pasternak GW, D'Amato RJ, et al:  Naloxazone lacks therapeutic effects in endotoxic shock yet blocks the effects of naloxone . Eur J Pharmacol 1983;;89:293-296.
40 +
Holaday JW, Ruvio BA, Faden AI:  Thyrotropin-releasing hormone improves blood pressure and survival in endotoxic shock . Eur J Pharmacol 1981;;74:101-105.
41 +
Gurll NJ, Reynolds DG, Holaday JW, et al:  Improved cardiovascular function and survival using thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH) in primate hemorrhagic shock . Physiologist 1982;; 25:342.
42 +
Reynolds DG, Gurll NJ, Holaday JW, et al:  Thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH) in primate endotoxic shock . Physiologist 1982;;25:309.
43 +
Lux WE Jr, Feuerstein G, Faden AI:  Alteration of leukotriene D4 hypotension by thyrotropin releasing hormone . Nature 1983;; 302:822-824.
44 +
Lux WE Jr, Feuerstein G, Faden AI:  Effects of thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH) on lipoxygenase-induced hypotension in the unanesthetized guinea pig . Pharm Res , in press.
45 +
Feuerstein G, Lux WE Jr, Snyder F, et al:  Hypotension produced by platelet-activating factor is reversed by thyrotropin-releasing hormone . Circ Shock , in press.
46 +
Lux WE Jr, Feuerstein G, Hayes R, et al:  Thyrotropin-releasing hormone reverses experimental anaphylactic shock through non-endorphin-related mechanisms . Eur J Pharmacol 1983;;90:301-302.
47 +
Feuerstein GZ, Zukowska-Grojec Z, Bayorh M, et al:  Leukotriene D4-induced shock in the rat is reversed by thyrotropin-releasing hormone . Prostaglandins 1983;;26:711-724.
48 +
Holaday JW, Faden AI:  Naloxone and thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH) have additive effects in reversing endotoxic shock , in Takagi H, Simon EJ (eds): Advances in Endogenous and Exogenous Opioids . Oxford, Pergamon Press, 1981;, pp 367-370.

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1 +
Holaday JW, Faden AI:  Naloxone reversal of endotoxin hypotension suggests role of endorphins in shock . Nature 1978;;275:450-451.
2 +
Faden AI, Holaday JW:  Opiate antagonists: A role in the treatment of hypovolemic shock . Science 1979;;205:317-318.
3 +
Faden AI, Jacobs TP, Holaday JW:  Endorphin-parasympathetic interaction in spinal shock . J Auton Nerv Syst 1980;;2:295-304.
4 +
Holaday JW, D'Amato R, Faden AI:  Thyrotropin-releasing hormone improves cardiovascular function in experimental endotoxic and hemorrhagic shock . Science 1981;;213:216-218.
5 +
Faden AI:  Neuropeptides in shock and neural injury , in Chernow B, Lake CR (eds): The Pharmacologic Approach to the Critically Ill Patient . Baltimore, Williams & Wilkins Co, 1983;, pp 636-649.
6 +
Holaday JW:  Cardiovascular effects of endogenous opiate systems . Ann Rev Pharmacol Toxicol 1983;;23:541-594.
7 +
Zukin RS, Zukin SR:  Multiple opiate receptors: Emerging concepts . Life Sci 1981;;29:2681-2690.
8 +
Cox BM:  Endogenous opioid peptides: A guide to structures and terminology . Life Sci 1982;;31:1645-1658.
9 +
Wuster M, Schulz R, Herz A:  Multiple opiate receptors in peripheral tissue preparation . Biochem Pharmacol 1981;;30:1983.
10 +
Holaday JW, Pasternak GW, Faden AI:  Naloxazone pretreatment modified cardiorespiratory temperature and behavioral effects of morphine . Neurosci Lett 1983;;37:199-204.
11 +
Sawynok J, Pinsky C, LaBella FA:  Mini review on the specificity of naloxone as an opiate antagonist . Life Sci 1979;;25;1631-1632.
12 +
Faden AI, Holaday JW:  Naloxone treatment of endotoxin shock: Stereospecificity of physiologic and pharmacologic effects in the rat . J Pharmacol Exp Ther 1980;;212:441-447.
13 +
Reynolds DG, Gurll NJ, Vargish T, et al:  Blockade of opiate receptors with naloxone improves survival and cardiac performance in canine endotoxic shock . Circ Shock 1980;;7:29-48.
14 +
Vargish T, Reynolds DG, Gurll NJ, et al:  Naloxone reversal of hypovolemic shock in dogs . Circ Shock 1980;;7:31-38.
15 +
Holaday JW, Faden AI:  Naloxone treatment in shock . Lancet 1981;;2:201.
16 +
Gurll NJ, Reynolds DG, Vargish T, et al:  Naloxone without transfusion prolongs survival and enhances cardiovascular function in hypovolemic shock . J Pharmacol Exp Ther 1982;; 220:621-624.
17 +
Schadt JC, York DH:  The reversal of hemorrhagic hypotension by naloxone in the awake rabbit . Fed Proc 1980;;39:843.
18 +
Carr DB, Bergland R, Hamilton A, et al:  Endotoxin-stimulated opioid peptide secretion: Two secretory pools and feedback control in vivo . Science 1982;;217:845-848.
19 +
Hinshaw LB, Beller BK, Chang ACK, et al:  Naloxone treatment for E. coli-induced shock benefits dogs, but fails to prevent death of baboons . Fed Proc 1984;;43:757.
20 +
Haladay JW, Faden AI:  Naloxone acts at central opiate receptors to reverse hypotension, hypothermia, and hypoventilation in spinal shock . Brain Res 1980;;189:295-299.
21 +
Janssen HF, Lutherer LO:  Ventriculocisternal administration of naloxone protects against severe hypotension during endotoxin shock . Brain Res 1980;;194:608-612.
22 +
Holaday JW, D'Amato RJ, Ruvio BA, et al:  Adrenalectomy blocks pressor responses to naloxone in endotoxic shock: Evidence for sympatho-medullary involvement . Circ Shock 1983;; 11:201-210.
23 +
Patton ML, Gurll NJ, Reynolds DG, et al:  Adrenalectomy abolishes and cortisol restores naloxone's beneficial effects on cardiovascular function and survival in canine hemorrhagic shock . Circ Shock 1983;;10:317-327.
24 +
Vargish T, Reynolds DG, Gurll NJ, et al:  The interaction of corticosteroid and naloxone in canine hemorrhagic shock . J Surg Res 1982;; 32:289-295.
25 +
Peters WP, Johnson MW, Friedman PA, et al:  Pressor effect of naloxone in septic shock . Lancet 1981;;1:529-532.
26 +
Weissglas IS, Hinchey EJ, Chiu RCJ:  Naloxone and methylprednisolone in the treatment of experimental septic shock . J Surg Res 1982;;33:131-135.
27 +
Holaday JW, O'Hara M, Faden AI:  Hypophysectomy alters cardiorespiratory variables: Central effects of pituitary endorphins in shock . Am J Physiol 1981;;241:H479-H485.
28 +
Faden AI, Jacobs TP, Holaday JW:  Endorphins in experimental spinal injury: Therapeutic effect of naloxone . Ann Neurol 1981;;10:326-332.
29 +
Bone RC, Jacobs ER, Potter DM, et al:  Endorphins in endotoxin shock . Microcirculation 1981;;1:285-295.
30 +
Feuerstein GZ, Faden AI:  Differential cardiovascular effects of mu, delta and kappa opiate receptors at discrete hypothalamic sites in the anesthetized rat . Life Sci 1982;;31:2197-2200.
31 +
Feuerstein G, Molineaux CJ, Rosenberger JG, et al:  Vasopressin and opioid peptide relationships in discrete cardiovascular nuclei of rats exposed to hypovolemia hypotension . Soc Neurosci Abstr , in press.
32 +
Holaday JW, D'Amato RJ, Ruvio BA, et al:  Action of naloxone and TRH on the autonomic regulation of circulation , in Costa E, Trabucchi M (eds): Advances in Biochemical Psychopharmacology . New York, Raven Press, 1982;, pp 353-362.
33 +
Curtis MT, Lefer AM:  Beneficial action of a new opiate antagonist (WIN 44,441-3) in hemorrhagic shock . Eur J Pharmacol 1982;; 78:307-313.
34 +
Holaday JW, Ruvio BA, Robles LE, et al:  M154,129, a putative δ agonist, reverses endotoxic shock without altering morphine analgesia . Life Sci , in press.
35 +
Curtis MT, Lefer AM:  Action of opiate antagonists with selective receptor interactions in hemorrhagic shock . Circ Shock 1983;;10:131-145.
36 +
Faden AI, Feuerstein G:  Hypothalamic regulation of the cardiovascular and respiratory systems: Role of specific opiate receptors . Br J Pharmacol 1983;;79:997-1002.
37 +
Hassen AH, Feuerstein G, Faden AI:  μ Receptors and opioid cardiovascular effects in the NTS of rat . Peptides 1982;;3:1031-1037.
38 +
Pfeiffer A, Feuerstein G, Kopin IJ, et al:  Cardiovascular and respiratory effects of mu-, delta- and kappa-opiate agonists microinjected into the anterior hypothalamic brain area of awake rats . J Pharmacol Exp Ther 1983;;225:735-741.
39 +
Holaday JW, Pasternak GW, D'Amato RJ, et al:  Naloxazone lacks therapeutic effects in endotoxic shock yet blocks the effects of naloxone . Eur J Pharmacol 1983;;89:293-296.
40 +
Holaday JW, Ruvio BA, Faden AI:  Thyrotropin-releasing hormone improves blood pressure and survival in endotoxic shock . Eur J Pharmacol 1981;;74:101-105.
41 +
Gurll NJ, Reynolds DG, Holaday JW, et al:  Improved cardiovascular function and survival using thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH) in primate hemorrhagic shock . Physiologist 1982;; 25:342.
42 +
Reynolds DG, Gurll NJ, Holaday JW, et al:  Thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH) in primate endotoxic shock . Physiologist 1982;;25:309.
43 +
Lux WE Jr, Feuerstein G, Faden AI:  Alteration of leukotriene D4 hypotension by thyrotropin releasing hormone . Nature 1983;; 302:822-824.
44 +
Lux WE Jr, Feuerstein G, Faden AI:  Effects of thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH) on lipoxygenase-induced hypotension in the unanesthetized guinea pig . Pharm Res , in press.
45 +
Feuerstein G, Lux WE Jr, Snyder F, et al:  Hypotension produced by platelet-activating factor is reversed by thyrotropin-releasing hormone . Circ Shock , in press.
46 +
Lux WE Jr, Feuerstein G, Hayes R, et al:  Thyrotropin-releasing hormone reverses experimental anaphylactic shock through non-endorphin-related mechanisms . Eur J Pharmacol 1983;;90:301-302.
47 +
Feuerstein GZ, Zukowska-Grojec Z, Bayorh M, et al:  Leukotriene D4-induced shock in the rat is reversed by thyrotropin-releasing hormone . Prostaglandins 1983;;26:711-724.
48 +
Holaday JW, Faden AI:  Naloxone and thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH) have additive effects in reversing endotoxic shock , in Takagi H, Simon EJ (eds): Advances in Endogenous and Exogenous Opioids . Oxford, Pergamon Press, 1981;, pp 367-370.

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