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July 27, 1984, Vol 252, No. 4 >
ARTICLE | July 27, 1984

Is Running an Analogue of Anorexia Nervosa?: Title and subTitle BreakAn Empirical Study of Obligatory Running and Anorexia Nervosa FREE

James A. Blumenthal, PhD; Leslie C. O'Toole; Jonathan L. Chang, MD
[+] Author Affiliations

Reprint requests to Behavioral Physiology Laboratory, Box 3926, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710 (Dr Blumenthal).


JAMA. 1984;252(4):520-523. doi:10.1001/jama.1984.03350040050022
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References

A recent report suggested that compulsive runners share a common set of psychological traits and behavioral dispositions with patients with anorexia nervosa. In an effort to objectively assess the similarity between anorexia nervosa and obligatory running, 43 runners and 24 patients with anorexia nervosa completed the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI). Results indicated that the obligatory runners generally scored within the normal range, while the anorectic patients did not. The anorectic patients obtained more pathological scores than the runners on eight of the ten clinical subscales of the MMPI. Fifty percent of the anorectic patients obtained elevations on three or more of the MMPI subscales, while no runners obtained more than two scale elevations. Depression (scale 2) and psychopathy (scale 4) were particularly prevalent in the anorectic group. We conclude that obligatory runners do not suffer from the same degree of psychopathology as do patients with anorexia nervosa.

(JAMA 1984;252:520-523)

REFERENCES

1 +
Gull WW:  Anorexia nervosa (apepsia hysterica, anorexia hysterica) . Trans Clin Soc 1874;; 7:22-28.
2 +
Lasegue EC:  On hysterical anorexia (De l'anorexie hysterique) , in Kaufman RM, Heiman M (eds and trans): Evolution of Psychomatic Concepts: Anorexia Nervosa: A Paradigm . New York, International Universities Press, 1964;, pp 141-155.
3 +
Crisp AH:  Some aspects of the evolution, presentation and follow-up of anorexia nervosa . Proc R Soc Med 1965;;58:814-820.
4 +
Halmi KA:  Anorexia nervosa: Demographic and clinical features in 94 cases . Psychosom Med 1974;;36:18-26.
5 +
Hill OW:  Epidemiologic aspects of anorexia nervosa . Adv Psychosom Med 1977;;9:48-62.
6 +
Crisp AH, Palmer RL, Kalucy RS:  How common is anorexia nervosa? A prevalence study . Br J Psychiatry 1976;;128:549-554.
7 +
Nylander T:  The feeling of being fat and dieting in a school population . Acta Sociomed Scand 1971;;3:17-26.
8 +
Sours JA: Starving to Death in a Sea of Objects: The Anorexia Nervosa Syndrome . New York, Jason Aronson, 1980;, pp 259-260.
9 +
Yates A, Leehey K, Shisslak C:  Running: An analogue of anorexia? N Engl J Med 1983;; 308:251-255.
10 +
Wells RJ:  Letter to the editor . N Engl J Med 1983;;309:47.
11 +
Stewart JD:  Letter to the editor . N Engl J Med 1983;;309:47.
12 +
Krelstein M:  Letter to the editor . N Engl J Med 1983;;309:48.
13 +
American Psychiatric Association: DSM-III: Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders , ed 3. Washington, DC, American Psychiatric Association, 1980;.
14 +
Hathaway SR, McKinley JC: Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory . New York, Psychological Corporation, 1948;.
15 +
Dahlstrom WG, Welsh GS, Dahlstrom LB: An MMPI Handbook: Clinical Interpretation . Minneapolis, University of Minnesota Press, 1975;, vol 1.
16 +
Lanyon R: A Handbook of MMPI Group Profiles . Minneapolis, University of Minnesota Press, 1968;.
17 +
Carson RC:  Interpretive manual to the MMPI , in Butcher JN (ed): MMPI: Research, Development, and Clinical Applications . New York, McGraw-Hill Book Co, 1969;.
18 +
Rogers DA:  Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (104) , in Buros OH (ed): Seventh Mental Measurements Yearbook . Highland Park, NJ, Gryphon Press, 1972;, p 242.
19 +
Drossman DA, Ontjes DA, Heizer WD:  Anorexia nervosa . Gastroenterology 1979;; 77:1115-1131.
20 +
Kay DWK, Leigh D:  The natural history, treatment and prognosis of anorexia nervosa . J Ment Sci 1954;;100:411-428.
21 +
Norman DK, Herzog DB:  Bulimia, anorexia nervosa, and anorexia nervosa with bulimia: A comparative analysis of MMPI profiles . Int J Eating Dis 1983;;2:43-52.
22 +
Jette M:  Habitual exercisers: A blood serum and personality profile . J Hum Ergol 1975;;2:47-57.
23 +
Hartung GH, Farge EG:  Personality and physiological traits in middle-aged runners and joggers . J Gerontol 1977;;32:541-548.
24 +
Morgan WP, Costill DL:  Psychological characteristics of the marathon runner . J Sports Med Phys Fitness 1972;;12:42-46.
25 +
Kron L, Katz JL, Corzynski G, et al:  Hyperactivity in anorexia nervosa: A fundamental clinical feature . Comp Psychiatry 1978;;5:433-440.
26 +
Blumenthal JA, Williams RS, Needels TL, et al:  Psychological changes accompany aerobic exercise in healthy middle-aged adults . Psychosom Med 1982;;44:529-536.

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1 +
Gull WW:  Anorexia nervosa (apepsia hysterica, anorexia hysterica) . Trans Clin Soc 1874;; 7:22-28.
2 +
Lasegue EC:  On hysterical anorexia (De l'anorexie hysterique) , in Kaufman RM, Heiman M (eds and trans): Evolution of Psychomatic Concepts: Anorexia Nervosa: A Paradigm . New York, International Universities Press, 1964;, pp 141-155.
3 +
Crisp AH:  Some aspects of the evolution, presentation and follow-up of anorexia nervosa . Proc R Soc Med 1965;;58:814-820.
4 +
Halmi KA:  Anorexia nervosa: Demographic and clinical features in 94 cases . Psychosom Med 1974;;36:18-26.
5 +
Hill OW:  Epidemiologic aspects of anorexia nervosa . Adv Psychosom Med 1977;;9:48-62.
6 +
Crisp AH, Palmer RL, Kalucy RS:  How common is anorexia nervosa? A prevalence study . Br J Psychiatry 1976;;128:549-554.
7 +
Nylander T:  The feeling of being fat and dieting in a school population . Acta Sociomed Scand 1971;;3:17-26.
8 +
Sours JA: Starving to Death in a Sea of Objects: The Anorexia Nervosa Syndrome . New York, Jason Aronson, 1980;, pp 259-260.
9 +
Yates A, Leehey K, Shisslak C:  Running: An analogue of anorexia? N Engl J Med 1983;; 308:251-255.
10 +
Wells RJ:  Letter to the editor . N Engl J Med 1983;;309:47.
11 +
Stewart JD:  Letter to the editor . N Engl J Med 1983;;309:47.
12 +
Krelstein M:  Letter to the editor . N Engl J Med 1983;;309:48.
13 +
American Psychiatric Association: DSM-III: Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders , ed 3. Washington, DC, American Psychiatric Association, 1980;.
14 +
Hathaway SR, McKinley JC: Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory . New York, Psychological Corporation, 1948;.
15 +
Dahlstrom WG, Welsh GS, Dahlstrom LB: An MMPI Handbook: Clinical Interpretation . Minneapolis, University of Minnesota Press, 1975;, vol 1.
16 +
Lanyon R: A Handbook of MMPI Group Profiles . Minneapolis, University of Minnesota Press, 1968;.
17 +
Carson RC:  Interpretive manual to the MMPI , in Butcher JN (ed): MMPI: Research, Development, and Clinical Applications . New York, McGraw-Hill Book Co, 1969;.
18 +
Rogers DA:  Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (104) , in Buros OH (ed): Seventh Mental Measurements Yearbook . Highland Park, NJ, Gryphon Press, 1972;, p 242.
19 +
Drossman DA, Ontjes DA, Heizer WD:  Anorexia nervosa . Gastroenterology 1979;; 77:1115-1131.
20 +
Kay DWK, Leigh D:  The natural history, treatment and prognosis of anorexia nervosa . J Ment Sci 1954;;100:411-428.
21 +
Norman DK, Herzog DB:  Bulimia, anorexia nervosa, and anorexia nervosa with bulimia: A comparative analysis of MMPI profiles . Int J Eating Dis 1983;;2:43-52.
22 +
Jette M:  Habitual exercisers: A blood serum and personality profile . J Hum Ergol 1975;;2:47-57.
23 +
Hartung GH, Farge EG:  Personality and physiological traits in middle-aged runners and joggers . J Gerontol 1977;;32:541-548.
24 +
Morgan WP, Costill DL:  Psychological characteristics of the marathon runner . J Sports Med Phys Fitness 1972;;12:42-46.
25 +
Kron L, Katz JL, Corzynski G, et al:  Hyperactivity in anorexia nervosa: A fundamental clinical feature . Comp Psychiatry 1978;;5:433-440.
26 +
Blumenthal JA, Williams RS, Needels TL, et al:  Psychological changes accompany aerobic exercise in healthy middle-aged adults . Psychosom Med 1982;;44:529-536.

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