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November 23, 1984, Vol 252, No. 20 >
ARTICLE | November 23, 1984

Tobacco Addiction and Tobacco Mortality: Title and subTitle BreakImplications for Death Certification FREE

William Pollin, MD; R. T. Ravenholt, MD
[+] Author Affiliations

Presented to the Forum on Alcohol and Drug Problems at the annual meeting of the American Public Health Association, Dallas, Nov 15, 1983.

Reprint requests to Director, World Health Surveys, Inc, 4960 Sentinel Dr, Bethesda, MD 20816 (Dr Ravenholt).


JAMA. 1984;252(20):2849-2854. doi:10.1001/jama.1984.03350200035017
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References

Addictive disorders now cause more than one fourth of all deaths in the United States—more than a half million deaths in 1982. But this essential fact is obscured in the nation's vital records and statistics by the general practice of certifying addictive disease deaths to their innumerable anatomic manifestations. However, this situation need not continue indefinitely. Physicians have both an opportunity and a responsibility to state their knowledge of the underlying causes of deaths occurring under their care, and the diagnostic category "Tobacco Use Disorder/Tobacco Dependence," listed in the ninth revision of the International Classification of Diseases is available for their use. By routinely ascertaining the lifetime smoking experience of each patient and stating on each death certificate the role of tobacco, physicians can contribute substantially to improvement of vital statistics, epidemiology, and public health.

(JAMA 1984;252:2849-2854)

REFERENCES

1 +
Diehl HS: Tobacco and Your Health: The Smoking Controversy . New York, McGraw-Hill Book Co, 1967;.
2 +
Smoking and Health: A Report of the Surgeon General , Dept of Health, Education, and Welfare publication 79-50066. Public Health Service, (Jan 11) , 1979;.
3 +
American Cancer Society:  Developing a blueprint for action . Proceedings of the National Conference on Smoking or Health, New York, Nov 18-20,1981 .
4 +
Pollin W: Why People Smoke Cigarettes , Public Health Service publication 83-50185. Rockville, Md, National Institute on Drug Abuse, 1983;.
5 +
Ravenholt RT, Pollin W:  Tobacco addiction and other drug abuse among American youth . Presented to the Fifth World Conference on Smoking and Health, Winnipeg, Manitoba, July 13, 1983 .
6 +
Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders , ed 3. Washington, DC, American Psychiatric Association, 1979;.
7 +
Broders AC:  Squamous-cell epithelioma of the lip: A study of 537 cases . JAMA 1920;; 74:656-664.
8 +
Arkin A, Wagner DH:  Primary carcinoma of the lung . JAMA 1936;;106:587.
9 +
Ochsner A:  Carcinoma of the lung . Arch Surg 1941;;42:209.
10 +
Fisher RA: Smoking: The Cancer Controversy: Some Attempts to Assess the Evidence . Edinburgh, Oliver & Boyd, 1957;.
11 +
Berkson J:  The statistical investigation of smoking and cancer of the lung . Mayo Clin Proc 1959;;34:206-224.
12 +
Yerushalmy J:  The relationship of parents' cigarette smoking to outcome of pregnancy— implications as to the problem of inferring causation from observed associations . Am J Epidemiol 1971;;93:443-456.
13 +
Pearl R:  Tobacco smoking and longevity . Science 1938;;87:216-217.
14 +
Dorn HF:  Tobacco consumption and mortality from cancer and other diseases . Public Health Rep 1959;;74:581.
15 +
Hammond EC:  Smoking in relation to mortality and morbidity: Findings in first 34 months of follow-up in a prospective study started in 1959 . JNCI 1964;;32:1151.
16 +
Doll R, Hill AB:  Mortality in relation to smoking: Ten years' observations of British doctors . Br Med J 1964;;1:1460-1467.
17 +
Rogot E, Murray JL:  Smoking and causes of death among American veterans: 16 years of observation . Public Health Rep 1980;;3:213-222.
18 +
Radford EP, Hunt VR:  Polonium 210: A volatile radioelement in cigarettes . Science 1964;; 143:247-249.
19 +
Ames B:  Dietary carcinogens and anticarcinogens . Science 1983;;221:1256-1264.
20 +
Ravenholt RT:  Malignant cellular evolution: An analysis of the causation and prevention of cancer . Lancet 1966;;1:523-526.
21 +
Ravenholt RT:  Circulating mutagens from smoking . N Engl J Med 1982;;307:312.
22 +
Monthly Vital Statistics Report for December 1983 . Hyattsville, Md, National Center for Health Statistics, March 1984;.
23 +
Ravenholt RT:  Historical epidemiology and grid analysis of epidemiologic data . Am J Public Health 1962;;52:776-790.
24 +
Ravenholt RT, Foege WH:  Epidemiology and treatment of lung cancer in Seattle . J Dis Chest 1963;;44:174-185.
25 +
Ravenholt RT:  Cigarette smoking: Magnitude of the hazard . Am J Public Health 1964;; 54:1923-1925.
26 +
Davis J:  Cigarettes and death certificates . J Fla Med Assoc 1973;;60:92.

Figures

Tables

Interactive Graphics

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Country-Specific Mortality and Growth Failure in Infancy and Yound Children and Association With Material Stature

Use interactive graphics and maps to view and sort country-specific infant and early dhildhood mortality and growth failure data and their association with maternal

1 +
Diehl HS: Tobacco and Your Health: The Smoking Controversy . New York, McGraw-Hill Book Co, 1967;.
2 +
Smoking and Health: A Report of the Surgeon General , Dept of Health, Education, and Welfare publication 79-50066. Public Health Service, (Jan 11) , 1979;.
3 +
American Cancer Society:  Developing a blueprint for action . Proceedings of the National Conference on Smoking or Health, New York, Nov 18-20,1981 .
4 +
Pollin W: Why People Smoke Cigarettes , Public Health Service publication 83-50185. Rockville, Md, National Institute on Drug Abuse, 1983;.
5 +
Ravenholt RT, Pollin W:  Tobacco addiction and other drug abuse among American youth . Presented to the Fifth World Conference on Smoking and Health, Winnipeg, Manitoba, July 13, 1983 .
6 +
Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders , ed 3. Washington, DC, American Psychiatric Association, 1979;.
7 +
Broders AC:  Squamous-cell epithelioma of the lip: A study of 537 cases . JAMA 1920;; 74:656-664.
8 +
Arkin A, Wagner DH:  Primary carcinoma of the lung . JAMA 1936;;106:587.
9 +
Ochsner A:  Carcinoma of the lung . Arch Surg 1941;;42:209.
10 +
Fisher RA: Smoking: The Cancer Controversy: Some Attempts to Assess the Evidence . Edinburgh, Oliver & Boyd, 1957;.
11 +
Berkson J:  The statistical investigation of smoking and cancer of the lung . Mayo Clin Proc 1959;;34:206-224.
12 +
Yerushalmy J:  The relationship of parents' cigarette smoking to outcome of pregnancy— implications as to the problem of inferring causation from observed associations . Am J Epidemiol 1971;;93:443-456.
13 +
Pearl R:  Tobacco smoking and longevity . Science 1938;;87:216-217.
14 +
Dorn HF:  Tobacco consumption and mortality from cancer and other diseases . Public Health Rep 1959;;74:581.
15 +
Hammond EC:  Smoking in relation to mortality and morbidity: Findings in first 34 months of follow-up in a prospective study started in 1959 . JNCI 1964;;32:1151.
16 +
Doll R, Hill AB:  Mortality in relation to smoking: Ten years' observations of British doctors . Br Med J 1964;;1:1460-1467.
17 +
Rogot E, Murray JL:  Smoking and causes of death among American veterans: 16 years of observation . Public Health Rep 1980;;3:213-222.
18 +
Radford EP, Hunt VR:  Polonium 210: A volatile radioelement in cigarettes . Science 1964;; 143:247-249.
19 +
Ames B:  Dietary carcinogens and anticarcinogens . Science 1983;;221:1256-1264.
20 +
Ravenholt RT:  Malignant cellular evolution: An analysis of the causation and prevention of cancer . Lancet 1966;;1:523-526.
21 +
Ravenholt RT:  Circulating mutagens from smoking . N Engl J Med 1982;;307:312.
22 +
Monthly Vital Statistics Report for December 1983 . Hyattsville, Md, National Center for Health Statistics, March 1984;.
23 +
Ravenholt RT:  Historical epidemiology and grid analysis of epidemiologic data . Am J Public Health 1962;;52:776-790.
24 +
Ravenholt RT, Foege WH:  Epidemiology and treatment of lung cancer in Seattle . J Dis Chest 1963;;44:174-185.
25 +
Ravenholt RT:  Cigarette smoking: Magnitude of the hazard . Am J Public Health 1964;; 54:1923-1925.
26 +
Davis J:  Cigarettes and death certificates . J Fla Med Assoc 1973;;60:92.

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