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October 19, 1984, Vol 252, No. 15 >
ARTICLE | October 19, 1984

The Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome: Title and subTitle BreakCommentary FREE

[+] Author Affiliations

This report is not intended to be construed or to serve as a standard of medical care. Standards of medical care are determined on the basis of all of the facts and circumstances involved in the individual case and are subject to change as scientific knowledge and technology advance and patterns of practice evolve. This report reflects the views of scientific experts and reports in the scientific literature as of Aug 13, 1984.

Reprint requests to Division of Scientific Activities, Council on Scientific Affairs, American Medical Association, 535 N Dearborn St, Chicago, IL 60610 (John C. Ballin, PhD).


JAMA. 1984;252(15):2037-2043. doi:10.1001/jama.1984.03350150037018
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References

THE ACQUIRED immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) is a recently recognized, serious disease. In the United States, it has become a public health problem of major importance as cases continue to be reported both here and abroad. At its meeting in February 1983, the American Medical Association Council on Scientific Affairs recommended that an expert panel be formed to present interim state-of-the-art reports on AIDS and to respond to professional and lay commentary on this new disease. At its June 1983 meeting, the AMA House of Delegates passed a resolution (76 [A-83]) calling for the AMA to "develop and issue advisories for physicians which will assist them in responding to AIDS and to encourage research aimed at eliminating this syndrome." As a step in meeting these goals, the Council's Ad Hoc Advisory Panel on AIDS has prepared the following review and commentary on selected aspects of AIDS.

NATURE AND SCOPE  Since its

REFERENCES

1 +
Gottlieb MS, Schroff R, Schanker HM, et al:  Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia and mucosal candidiasis in previously healthy homosexual men . N Engl J Med 1981;;305:1425-1431.
2 +
Masur H, Michelis MA, Greene JB, et al:  Outbreak of community-acquired Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia . N Engl J Med 1981;;305:1431-1438.
3 +
 Update: Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS)—United States . MMWR 1983;; 32:389-391.
4 +
Ammann AJ, Schiffman G, Abrams D, et al:  B-Cell immunodeficiency in acquired immune deficiency syndrome . JAMA 1984;;251:1447-1449.
5 +
 Acquired immune deficiency abroad . Science 1983;;222:998-999.
6 +
 Update: Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS)—United States . MMWR 1984;; 32:688-691.
7 +
Clumeck N, Mascaret-Lemone F, de Maubeuge J, et al:  Acquired immune deficiency syndrome in black Africans . Lancet 1983;;1:642.
8 +
Clumeck N, Sonnet J, Taelman H, et al:  Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome in African patients . N Engl J Med 1984;;310:492-497.
9 +
Popovic M, Sargadharan MG, Read E, et al:  Detection, isolation, and continuous production of cytopathic retroviruses (HTLV-III) from patients with AIDS and pre-AIDS . Science 1984;; 224:497-500.
10 +
Gallo RC, Salahuddin SZ, Popovic M, et al:  Frequent detection and isolation of cytopathic retroviruses (HTLV-III) from patients with AIDS and at risk for AIDS . Science 1984;; 224:500-503.
11 +
Schupbach J, Popovic M, Gilden RW, et al:  Serological analysis of a subgroup of human T-lymphotropic retroviruses (HTLV-III) associated with AIDS . Science 1984;;224:503-505.
12 +
Sargadharan MG, Popovic M, Bruch L, et al:  Antibodies reactive with human T-lymphotropic retroviruses (HTLV-III) in the serum of patients with AIDS . Science 1984;;224:506-508.
13 +
Barre-Sinoussi F, Chermann JC, Rey F, et al:  Isolation of a T-lymphotropic retrovirus from a patient at risk for acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) . Science 1983;;220:868-871.
14 +
Gallo RC, Sarin PS, Gelman EP, et al:  Isolation of human T-cell leukemia virus in acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) . Science 1983;;220:865-867.
15 +
Gelman EP, Popovic M, Blayney D, et al:  Proviral DNA of 2 retrovirus, human T-cell leukemia virus, in two patients with AIDS . Science 1983;;220:862-865.
16 +
Essex M, McLane MF, Lee TH, et al:  Antibodies to cell membrane antigens associated with human T-cell leukemia virus in patients with AIDS . Science 1983;;220:859-862.
17 +
Essex M, McLane MF, Lee TH, et al:  Antibodies to human T-cell leukemia virus membrane antigens (HTLV-MA) in hemophiliacs . Science 1983;;221:1061-1064.
18 +
Vilmer E, Rouzioux C, Vezinet Brun F, et al:  Isolation of a new lymphotropic retrovirus from two siblings with haemophilia B, one with AIDS . Lancet 1984;;1:753-757.
19 +
Montagnier L, Chermann JC, Barre-Sinoussi F, et al:  A new human T-lymphotropic retrovirus: Characterization and possible role in lymphadenopathy and acquired immune deficiency syndromes , in Gallo RC, Essex M (eds): The Cancer Cell 3 . Cold Spring Harbor, NY, Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, in press.
20 +
Feorino PM, Kalyanaraman VS, Haverkos HW, et al:  Lymphadenopathy associated virus infection of a blood donor-recipient pair with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome . Science 1984;;225:69-72.
21 +
 Experimental infection of chimpanzees with lymphadenopathy-associated virus . MMWR 1984;;33:442-443.
22 +
Kalyanaraman VS, Cabradilla CD, Getchell JP, et al:  Antibodies to the core protein of lymphadenopathy-associated virus (LAV) in patients with AIDS . Science 1984;;225:321-323.
23 +
 Antibodies to a retrovirus etiologically associated with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) in populations with increased incidences of the syndrome . MMWR 1984;;33:377-379.
24 +
Klatzmann D, Barre-Sinoussi F, Nugeyre MT, et al:  Selective tropism of lymphadenopathy associated virus (LAV) for helper-inducer T lymphocytes . Science 1984;;225:59-63.
25 +
Arnoux E, Guerin JM, Malebranche R, et al:  AIDS and African swine fever . Lancet 1983;; 2:110.
26 +
Colaert J, Desmyter J, Goudsmit J, et al:  African swine fever virus antibody not found in AIDS patients . Lancet 1983;;1:1098.
27 +
Anderson DJ, Yunis EJ:  'Trojan horse' leukocytes in AIDS . N Engl J Med 1983;;309:984-985.
28 +
Olsen GP, Shields JW:  Seminal lymphocytes, plasma and AIDS . Nature 1984;;309:116-117.
29 +
Hersch E, Reuben JM, Bogerd H, et al:  Effect of the recreational agent isobutyl nitrite on human peripheral blood leukocytes and on in vitro interferon production . Cancer Res 1983;; 43:1365-1371.
30 +
 An evaluation of the immunotoxic potential of isobutyl nitrate . MMWR 1983;;32:457-464.
31 +
Sonnabend J, Witkin SS, Purtilo DT:  Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome, opportunistic infections, and malignancies in male homosexuals . JAMA 1983;;249:2370-2374.
32 +
Mavligit GM, Talpaz M, Hsia FT, et al:  Chronic immune stimulation by sperm alloantigens . JAMA 1984;;251:237-241.
33 +
Shearer GM:  Allogeneic leukocytes as a possible factor in induction of AIDS in homosexual men . N Engl J Med 1983;;308:223-224.
34 +
Levy JA, Ziegler JL:  Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome is an opportunistic infection and Kaposi's sarcoma results from secondary immune stimulation . Lancet 1983;;2:78-81.
35 +
Ellrodt A, Palazzo L, LeBras P, et al:  AIDS is not an opportunistic infection . Lancet 1983;; 2:680.
36 +
 Council on Scientific Affairs: Health care needs of a homosexual population . JAMA 1982;; 248:736-739.
37 +
Ostrow DG, Sandholzer TA, Felman YM: Sexually Transmitted Diseases in Homosexual Men . New York, Plenum Publishing Corp, 1983;.
38 +
Friedman-Kien AE, Laubenstein LJ, Rubenstein P, et al:  Disseminated Kaposi's sarcoma in homosexual men . Ann Intern Med 1982;; 96:693.
39 +
Holtz H, Dobro J, Palinkas R, et al:  Psychosocial impact of acquired immune deficiency syndrome . JAMA 1983;;250:167.
40 +
Forstein M:  The psychosocial impact of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome . Semin Oncol 1984;;11:77-82.
41 +
Nichols SE, Ostrow DG (eds): Psychiatric Implications of the Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome . Washington, DC, American Psychiatric Press, 1984;.
42 +
Ammann AJ:  Is there an acquired immunodeficiency syndrome in infants and children? Pediatrics 1983;;72:430-432.
43 +
Oleske J, Minnefor A, Cooper R, et al:  Immune deficiency in children . JAMA 1983;; 249:2345-2349.
44 +
Rubinstein A, Sicklick M, Gupta A, et al:  Acquired immunodeficiency with reversed T4/T8 ratios in infants born to promiscuous and drug-addicted mothers . JAMA 1983;;249:2350-2356.
45 +
Scott GB, Buck BE, Leterman JG, et al:  Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome in infants . N Engl J Med 1984;;310:76-81.
46 +
Thomas PA, Jaffe HW, Spira TJ, et al:  Unexplained immunodeficiency in children . JAMA 1984;;252:639-644.
47 +
Gordin FM, Simon GL, Wofsy CB, et al:  Adverse reactions to trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole in patients with the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome . Ann Intern Med 1984;; 100:495-499.
48 +
Rook AH, Masur H, Lane HC, et al:  Interleukin-2 enhances the depressed nature killer and cytomegalovirus-specific cytotoxic activities of lymphocytes from patients with the acquired immune deficiency syndrome . J Clin Invest 1983;;72:398-403.
49 +
Jaffe HW, Choi K, Thomas PA, et al:  National case-control study of Kaposi's sarcoma and Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in homosexual men: I. Epidemiologic results . Ann Intern Med 1983;;99:145-151.
50 +
Auerbach DM, Darrow WW, Jaffe HW, et al:  Cluster of cases of acquired immune deficiency syndrome: Patients linked by sexual contact . Am J Med 1984;;76:487-492.
51 +
Harris C, Small CB, Klein RS, et al:  Immunodeficiency in female sexual partners of men with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome . N Engl J Med 1983;;308:1181-1184.
52 +
Pitchenik AE, Shafron RD, Glasser RM, et al:  Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome in the wife of a hemophiliac . Ann Intern Med 1984;; 100:62-65.
53 +
 Update: Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) among patients with hemophilia—United States . MMWR 1983;;32:613-615.
54 +
Curran JW, Lawrence DL, Jaffe HW, et al:  Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) associated with transfusions . N Engl J Med 1984;;310:69-75.
55 +
Williams WW:  Guidelines for infection control in hospital personnel, Centers for Disease Control . Infect Control 1983;;4:326-349.
56 +
Acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS):  Precautions for clinical and laboratory staffs . MMWR 1982;;31:577-580.
57 +
Garner JS, Simmons GP:  Guidelines for isolation precautions in hospitals, CDC guidelines . Infect Control 1983;;4:245-249.
58 +
Spaulding EH, Groschel HM:  Hospital disinfectants and antiseptics , in Lennette EH, Spaulding EH, Truant JP (eds): Manual of Clinical Microbiology , ed 2. Washington, DC, American Society for Microbiology, 1974;, pp 852-858.
59 +
Brown P, Gibbs CJ, Amyx HL, et al:  Chemical disinfection of Creutzfeldt-Jacob disease virus . N Engl J Med 1982;;306:1279-1282.
60 +
Conte JE, Hadley WK, Sande M:  Infectioncontrol guidelines for patients with the acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) . N Engl J Med 1983;;309:740-744.
61 +
Prevention of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS):  Report of inter-agency recommendations . MMWR 1984;;32:101-103.

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Country-Specific Mortality and Growth Failure in Infancy and Yound Children and Association With Material Stature

Use interactive graphics and maps to view and sort country-specific infant and early dhildhood mortality and growth failure data and their association with maternal

1 +
Gottlieb MS, Schroff R, Schanker HM, et al:  Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia and mucosal candidiasis in previously healthy homosexual men . N Engl J Med 1981;;305:1425-1431.
2 +
Masur H, Michelis MA, Greene JB, et al:  Outbreak of community-acquired Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia . N Engl J Med 1981;;305:1431-1438.
3 +
 Update: Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS)—United States . MMWR 1983;; 32:389-391.
4 +
Ammann AJ, Schiffman G, Abrams D, et al:  B-Cell immunodeficiency in acquired immune deficiency syndrome . JAMA 1984;;251:1447-1449.
5 +
 Acquired immune deficiency abroad . Science 1983;;222:998-999.
6 +
 Update: Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS)—United States . MMWR 1984;; 32:688-691.
7 +
Clumeck N, Mascaret-Lemone F, de Maubeuge J, et al:  Acquired immune deficiency syndrome in black Africans . Lancet 1983;;1:642.
8 +
Clumeck N, Sonnet J, Taelman H, et al:  Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome in African patients . N Engl J Med 1984;;310:492-497.
9 +
Popovic M, Sargadharan MG, Read E, et al:  Detection, isolation, and continuous production of cytopathic retroviruses (HTLV-III) from patients with AIDS and pre-AIDS . Science 1984;; 224:497-500.
10 +
Gallo RC, Salahuddin SZ, Popovic M, et al:  Frequent detection and isolation of cytopathic retroviruses (HTLV-III) from patients with AIDS and at risk for AIDS . Science 1984;; 224:500-503.
11 +
Schupbach J, Popovic M, Gilden RW, et al:  Serological analysis of a subgroup of human T-lymphotropic retroviruses (HTLV-III) associated with AIDS . Science 1984;;224:503-505.
12 +
Sargadharan MG, Popovic M, Bruch L, et al:  Antibodies reactive with human T-lymphotropic retroviruses (HTLV-III) in the serum of patients with AIDS . Science 1984;;224:506-508.
13 +
Barre-Sinoussi F, Chermann JC, Rey F, et al:  Isolation of a T-lymphotropic retrovirus from a patient at risk for acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) . Science 1983;;220:868-871.
14 +
Gallo RC, Sarin PS, Gelman EP, et al:  Isolation of human T-cell leukemia virus in acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) . Science 1983;;220:865-867.
15 +
Gelman EP, Popovic M, Blayney D, et al:  Proviral DNA of 2 retrovirus, human T-cell leukemia virus, in two patients with AIDS . Science 1983;;220:862-865.
16 +
Essex M, McLane MF, Lee TH, et al:  Antibodies to cell membrane antigens associated with human T-cell leukemia virus in patients with AIDS . Science 1983;;220:859-862.
17 +
Essex M, McLane MF, Lee TH, et al:  Antibodies to human T-cell leukemia virus membrane antigens (HTLV-MA) in hemophiliacs . Science 1983;;221:1061-1064.
18 +
Vilmer E, Rouzioux C, Vezinet Brun F, et al:  Isolation of a new lymphotropic retrovirus from two siblings with haemophilia B, one with AIDS . Lancet 1984;;1:753-757.
19 +
Montagnier L, Chermann JC, Barre-Sinoussi F, et al:  A new human T-lymphotropic retrovirus: Characterization and possible role in lymphadenopathy and acquired immune deficiency syndromes , in Gallo RC, Essex M (eds): The Cancer Cell 3 . Cold Spring Harbor, NY, Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, in press.
20 +
Feorino PM, Kalyanaraman VS, Haverkos HW, et al:  Lymphadenopathy associated virus infection of a blood donor-recipient pair with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome . Science 1984;;225:69-72.
21 +
 Experimental infection of chimpanzees with lymphadenopathy-associated virus . MMWR 1984;;33:442-443.
22 +
Kalyanaraman VS, Cabradilla CD, Getchell JP, et al:  Antibodies to the core protein of lymphadenopathy-associated virus (LAV) in patients with AIDS . Science 1984;;225:321-323.
23 +
 Antibodies to a retrovirus etiologically associated with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) in populations with increased incidences of the syndrome . MMWR 1984;;33:377-379.
24 +
Klatzmann D, Barre-Sinoussi F, Nugeyre MT, et al:  Selective tropism of lymphadenopathy associated virus (LAV) for helper-inducer T lymphocytes . Science 1984;;225:59-63.
25 +
Arnoux E, Guerin JM, Malebranche R, et al:  AIDS and African swine fever . Lancet 1983;; 2:110.
26 +
Colaert J, Desmyter J, Goudsmit J, et al:  African swine fever virus antibody not found in AIDS patients . Lancet 1983;;1:1098.
27 +
Anderson DJ, Yunis EJ:  'Trojan horse' leukocytes in AIDS . N Engl J Med 1983;;309:984-985.
28 +
Olsen GP, Shields JW:  Seminal lymphocytes, plasma and AIDS . Nature 1984;;309:116-117.
29 +
Hersch E, Reuben JM, Bogerd H, et al:  Effect of the recreational agent isobutyl nitrite on human peripheral blood leukocytes and on in vitro interferon production . Cancer Res 1983;; 43:1365-1371.
30 +
 An evaluation of the immunotoxic potential of isobutyl nitrate . MMWR 1983;;32:457-464.
31 +
Sonnabend J, Witkin SS, Purtilo DT:  Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome, opportunistic infections, and malignancies in male homosexuals . JAMA 1983;;249:2370-2374.
32 +
Mavligit GM, Talpaz M, Hsia FT, et al:  Chronic immune stimulation by sperm alloantigens . JAMA 1984;;251:237-241.
33 +
Shearer GM:  Allogeneic leukocytes as a possible factor in induction of AIDS in homosexual men . N Engl J Med 1983;;308:223-224.
34 +
Levy JA, Ziegler JL:  Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome is an opportunistic infection and Kaposi's sarcoma results from secondary immune stimulation . Lancet 1983;;2:78-81.
35 +
Ellrodt A, Palazzo L, LeBras P, et al:  AIDS is not an opportunistic infection . Lancet 1983;; 2:680.
36 +
 Council on Scientific Affairs: Health care needs of a homosexual population . JAMA 1982;; 248:736-739.
37 +
Ostrow DG, Sandholzer TA, Felman YM: Sexually Transmitted Diseases in Homosexual Men . New York, Plenum Publishing Corp, 1983;.
38 +
Friedman-Kien AE, Laubenstein LJ, Rubenstein P, et al:  Disseminated Kaposi's sarcoma in homosexual men . Ann Intern Med 1982;; 96:693.
39 +
Holtz H, Dobro J, Palinkas R, et al:  Psychosocial impact of acquired immune deficiency syndrome . JAMA 1983;;250:167.
40 +
Forstein M:  The psychosocial impact of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome . Semin Oncol 1984;;11:77-82.
41 +
Nichols SE, Ostrow DG (eds): Psychiatric Implications of the Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome . Washington, DC, American Psychiatric Press, 1984;.
42 +
Ammann AJ:  Is there an acquired immunodeficiency syndrome in infants and children? Pediatrics 1983;;72:430-432.
43 +
Oleske J, Minnefor A, Cooper R, et al:  Immune deficiency in children . JAMA 1983;; 249:2345-2349.
44 +
Rubinstein A, Sicklick M, Gupta A, et al:  Acquired immunodeficiency with reversed T4/T8 ratios in infants born to promiscuous and drug-addicted mothers . JAMA 1983;;249:2350-2356.
45 +
Scott GB, Buck BE, Leterman JG, et al:  Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome in infants . N Engl J Med 1984;;310:76-81.
46 +
Thomas PA, Jaffe HW, Spira TJ, et al:  Unexplained immunodeficiency in children . JAMA 1984;;252:639-644.
47 +
Gordin FM, Simon GL, Wofsy CB, et al:  Adverse reactions to trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole in patients with the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome . Ann Intern Med 1984;; 100:495-499.
48 +
Rook AH, Masur H, Lane HC, et al:  Interleukin-2 enhances the depressed nature killer and cytomegalovirus-specific cytotoxic activities of lymphocytes from patients with the acquired immune deficiency syndrome . J Clin Invest 1983;;72:398-403.
49 +
Jaffe HW, Choi K, Thomas PA, et al:  National case-control study of Kaposi's sarcoma and Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in homosexual men: I. Epidemiologic results . Ann Intern Med 1983;;99:145-151.
50 +
Auerbach DM, Darrow WW, Jaffe HW, et al:  Cluster of cases of acquired immune deficiency syndrome: Patients linked by sexual contact . Am J Med 1984;;76:487-492.
51 +
Harris C, Small CB, Klein RS, et al:  Immunodeficiency in female sexual partners of men with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome . N Engl J Med 1983;;308:1181-1184.
52 +
Pitchenik AE, Shafron RD, Glasser RM, et al:  Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome in the wife of a hemophiliac . Ann Intern Med 1984;; 100:62-65.
53 +
 Update: Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) among patients with hemophilia—United States . MMWR 1983;;32:613-615.
54 +
Curran JW, Lawrence DL, Jaffe HW, et al:  Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) associated with transfusions . N Engl J Med 1984;;310:69-75.
55 +
Williams WW:  Guidelines for infection control in hospital personnel, Centers for Disease Control . Infect Control 1983;;4:326-349.
56 +
Acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS):  Precautions for clinical and laboratory staffs . MMWR 1982;;31:577-580.
57 +
Garner JS, Simmons GP:  Guidelines for isolation precautions in hospitals, CDC guidelines . Infect Control 1983;;4:245-249.
58 +
Spaulding EH, Groschel HM:  Hospital disinfectants and antiseptics , in Lennette EH, Spaulding EH, Truant JP (eds): Manual of Clinical Microbiology , ed 2. Washington, DC, American Society for Microbiology, 1974;, pp 852-858.
59 +
Brown P, Gibbs CJ, Amyx HL, et al:  Chemical disinfection of Creutzfeldt-Jacob disease virus . N Engl J Med 1982;;306:1279-1282.
60 +
Conte JE, Hadley WK, Sande M:  Infectioncontrol guidelines for patients with the acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) . N Engl J Med 1983;;309:740-744.
61 +
Prevention of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS):  Report of inter-agency recommendations . MMWR 1984;;32:101-103.

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