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October 12, 1984, Vol 252, No. 14 >
ARTICLE | October 12, 1984

Maternal Alcohol Consumption and Birth Weight: Title and subTitle BreakHow Much Drinking During Pregnancy Is Safe? FREE

James L. Mills, MD, MS; Barry I. Graubard, MA; Ernest E. Harley, MS; George G. Rhoads, MD, MPH; Heinz W. Berendes, MD, MHS
[+] Author Affiliations

Reprint requests to Epidemiology and Biometry Research Program, National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Landow Bldg, Room 8A04, Bethesda, MD 20205 (Dr Mills).


JAMA. 1984;252(14):1875-1879. doi:10.1001/jama.1984.03350140021018
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References

The relationship between maternal alcohol drinking during pregnancy and birth weight was examined using prospectively collected data from 31,604 pregnancies. The percentage of newborns below the tenth percentile of weight for gestational age increased sharply with increasing alcohol intake. After adjustment for other risks, a reduction in mean birth weight was seen in drinkers compared with nondrinkers, ranging from 14 g in those drinking less than one drink each day to 165 g in those drinking three to five drinks each day. The adjusted odds ratio for producing a small-for-dates newborn compared with nondrinkers ranged from 1.11 in those drinking less than one drink daily to 1.96 in those drinking three to five drinks daily. Consuming at least one to two drinks daily was associated with a substantially increased risk of producing a growth-retarded infant. Conversely, consuming less than one drink daily had a minimal effect on intrauterine growth and birth weight.

(JAMA 1984;252:1875-1879)

REFERENCES

1 +
Lemoine P, Harousseau H, Borteyru JP, et al:  Les enfants de parents alcooliques: Anomalies observees a propos de 127 cas . Ouest Med 1968;;21:476-482.
2 +
Jones KL, Smith DW, Ulleland CN, et al:  Pattern of malformation in offspring of chronic alcoholic mothers . Lancet 1973;;1:1267-1271.
3 +
Stein Z, Kline J:  Smoking, alcohol and reproduction . Am J Public Health 1983;;73:1154-1156.
4 +
Shiono PH, Harlap S, Ramcharan S, et al:  Use of contraceptives prior to and after conception and exposure to other fetal hazards . Contraception 1979;;20:105-120.
5 +
Williams RL, Creasy RK, Cunningham GC, et al:  Fetal growth and perinatal viability in California . Obstet Gynecol 1982;;59:624-632.
6 +
Armitage P:  Tests for linear trend in proportions and frequencies . Biometrics 1955;; 11:375-386.
7 +
Dixon WJ (ed): BMDP Statistical Software: 1983 Printing with Additions . Berkeley, Calif, University of California Press, 1983;.
8 +
Mallows CL:  Some comments on Cp . Technometrics 1973;;15:661-675.
9 +
Tennes K, Blackard C:  Maternal alcohol consumption, birth weight, and minor physical anomalies . Am J Obstet Gynecol 1980;;138:774-780.
10 +
Marbury MC, Linn S, Monson R, et al:  The association of alcohol consumption with outcome of pregnancy . Am J Public Health 1983;;73:1165-1168.
11 +
Hingson R, Alpert JJ, Day N, et al:  Effects of maternal drinking and marijuana use on fetal growth and development . Pediatrics 1982;;70:539-546.
12 +
Kaminski M, Franc M, Lebouvier M, et al:  Moderate alcohol use and pregnancy outcome. Neurobehav Toxicol Teratol 1981;;3:173-181.
13 +
Little RE:  Moderate alcohol use during pregnancy and decreased infant birth weight . Am J Public Health 1977;;67:1154-1156.
14 +
Sokol RJ, Miller SI, Reed G:  Alcohol abuse during pregnancy: An epidemiologic study . Alcoholism Clin Exp Res 1980;;4:135-145.
15 +
Wright JT, Waterson EJ, Barrison IG, et al:  Alcohol consumption, pregnancy and low birthweight . Lancet 1983;;1:663-665.
16 +
Kuzma JW, Sokol RJ:  Maternal drinking behavior and decreased intrauterine growth . Alcoholism Clin Exp Res 1982;;6:396-402.
17 +
Olsen J, Rachootin P, Schiodt AV:  Alcohol use, conception time, and birth weight . J Epidemiol Community Health 1983;;37:63-65.
18 +
Rosett HL, Weiner L, Lee A, et al:  Patterns of alcohol consumption and fetal development . Am J Obstet Gynecol 1983;;61:539-546.
19 +
Ouellette EM, Rosett HL, Rosman NP, et al:  Adverse effects on offspring of maternal alcohol abuse during pregnancy . N Engl J Med 1977;;297:528-530.
20 +
Mukherjee AB, Hodgen GD:  Maternal ethanol exposure induces transient impairment of umbilical circulation and fetal hypoxia in monkeys . Science 1982;;218:700-702.

Figures

Tables

Interactive Graphics

Video

Country-Specific Mortality and Growth Failure in Infancy and Yound Children and Association With Material Stature

Use interactive graphics and maps to view and sort country-specific infant and early dhildhood mortality and growth failure data and their association with maternal

1 +
Lemoine P, Harousseau H, Borteyru JP, et al:  Les enfants de parents alcooliques: Anomalies observees a propos de 127 cas . Ouest Med 1968;;21:476-482.
2 +
Jones KL, Smith DW, Ulleland CN, et al:  Pattern of malformation in offspring of chronic alcoholic mothers . Lancet 1973;;1:1267-1271.
3 +
Stein Z, Kline J:  Smoking, alcohol and reproduction . Am J Public Health 1983;;73:1154-1156.
4 +
Shiono PH, Harlap S, Ramcharan S, et al:  Use of contraceptives prior to and after conception and exposure to other fetal hazards . Contraception 1979;;20:105-120.
5 +
Williams RL, Creasy RK, Cunningham GC, et al:  Fetal growth and perinatal viability in California . Obstet Gynecol 1982;;59:624-632.
6 +
Armitage P:  Tests for linear trend in proportions and frequencies . Biometrics 1955;; 11:375-386.
7 +
Dixon WJ (ed): BMDP Statistical Software: 1983 Printing with Additions . Berkeley, Calif, University of California Press, 1983;.
8 +
Mallows CL:  Some comments on Cp . Technometrics 1973;;15:661-675.
9 +
Tennes K, Blackard C:  Maternal alcohol consumption, birth weight, and minor physical anomalies . Am J Obstet Gynecol 1980;;138:774-780.
10 +
Marbury MC, Linn S, Monson R, et al:  The association of alcohol consumption with outcome of pregnancy . Am J Public Health 1983;;73:1165-1168.
11 +
Hingson R, Alpert JJ, Day N, et al:  Effects of maternal drinking and marijuana use on fetal growth and development . Pediatrics 1982;;70:539-546.
12 +
Kaminski M, Franc M, Lebouvier M, et al:  Moderate alcohol use and pregnancy outcome. Neurobehav Toxicol Teratol 1981;;3:173-181.
13 +
Little RE:  Moderate alcohol use during pregnancy and decreased infant birth weight . Am J Public Health 1977;;67:1154-1156.
14 +
Sokol RJ, Miller SI, Reed G:  Alcohol abuse during pregnancy: An epidemiologic study . Alcoholism Clin Exp Res 1980;;4:135-145.
15 +
Wright JT, Waterson EJ, Barrison IG, et al:  Alcohol consumption, pregnancy and low birthweight . Lancet 1983;;1:663-665.
16 +
Kuzma JW, Sokol RJ:  Maternal drinking behavior and decreased intrauterine growth . Alcoholism Clin Exp Res 1982;;6:396-402.
17 +
Olsen J, Rachootin P, Schiodt AV:  Alcohol use, conception time, and birth weight . J Epidemiol Community Health 1983;;37:63-65.
18 +
Rosett HL, Weiner L, Lee A, et al:  Patterns of alcohol consumption and fetal development . Am J Obstet Gynecol 1983;;61:539-546.
19 +
Ouellette EM, Rosett HL, Rosman NP, et al:  Adverse effects on offspring of maternal alcohol abuse during pregnancy . N Engl J Med 1977;;297:528-530.
20 +
Mukherjee AB, Hodgen GD:  Maternal ethanol exposure induces transient impairment of umbilical circulation and fetal hypoxia in monkeys . Science 1982;;218:700-702.

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