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July 6, 1984, Vol 252, No. 1 >
ARTICLE | July 6, 1984

Cardiac Problems in Pregnancy: Title and subTitle BreakII. Fetal Aspects: Advances in Intrauterine Diagnosis and Therapy FREE

Norbert Gleicher, MD; Uri Elkayam, MD
[+] Author Affiliations

This article is one of a series sponsored by the American Heart Association.

Reprint requests to Mount Sinai Hospital Medical Center, California Avenue at 15th Street, Chicago, IL 60608 (Dr Gleicher).


JAMA. 1984;252(1):78-80. doi:10.1001/jama.1984.03350010044021
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References

UNTIL very recently fetal cardiology was restricted to the study of the embryology of the fetal heart with the primary emphasis on the understanding of the development of structural congenital cardiac abnormalities. Cardiology, and in this sense pediatric cardiology, started with the birth process and was again primarily directed toward recognition, diagnosis, and therapy of neonatally recognized structural congenital heart problems. During the last decade, the fetal heart has attracted increasing interest both on the part of the obstetrician-perinatologist and the pediatric cardiologist. Research into the developing heart has concentrated on embryology but has covered such important areas as the biophysics of the developing heart, the autonomic control of fetal cardiac activity, as well as genetic, infectious, metabolic, and environmental causes for congenital heart abnormalities. The advances and the understanding of basic physiology of the fetal heart as well as the development of newer diagnostic means have, in turn, improved

REFERENCES

1 +
Anderson PAW, Manring A:  Biophysics of the developing heart , in Elkayam U, Gleicher N (eds): Cardiac Problems in Pregnancy: Diagnosis and Management of Maternal and Fetal Disease . New York, Alan R Liss Inc, 1982;, pp 337-364.
2 +
Wolfson RN, Sorokin T, Rosen MG:  Autonomic control of fetal cardiac activity , in Elkayam U, Gleicher N (eds): Cardiac Problems in Pregnancy: Diagnosis and Management of Maternal and Fetal Disease . New York, Alan R Liss Inc, 1982;, pp 365-379.
3 +
Moller JH, Pierpont MEM:  Genetic causes of congenital abnormalities , in Elkayam U, Gleicher N (eds): Cardiac Problems in Pregnancy: Diagnosis and Management of Maternal and Fetal Disease . New York, Alan R Liss Inc, 1982;, pp 383-418.
4 +
Brown EG, Ainbender E:  Infectious causes of congenital abnormalities , in Elkayam U, Gleicher N (eds): Cardiac Problems in Pregnancy: Diagnosis and Management of Maternal and Fetal Disease . New York, Alan R Liss Inc, 1982;, pp 419-432.
5 +
Ginsberg-Fellner F:  Metabolic causes of congenital abnormalities , in Elkayam U, Gleicher N (eds): Cardiac Problems in Pregnancy: Diagnosis and Management of Maternal and Fetal Disease . New York, Alan R Liss Inc, 1982;, pp 433-454.
6 +
Rosenman KD:  Environmental causes of congenital heart abnormalities , in Elkayam U, Gleicher N (eds): Cardiac Problems in Pregnancy: Diagnosis and Management of Maternal and Fetal Disease. New York, Alan R Liss Inc, 1982;, pp 455-459.
7 +
Young BK:  The normal and abnormal fetal heart rate , in Elkayam U, Gleicher N (eds): Cardiac Problems in Pregnancy: Diagnosis and Management of Maternal and Fetal Disease. New York, Alan R Liss Inc, 1982;, pp 521-534.
8 +
Gleicher N, Elkayam U:  Intrauterine dysrhythmias , in Elkayam U, Gleicher N (eds): Cardiac Problems in Pregnancy: Diagnosis and Management of Maternal and Fetal Disease. New York, Alan R Liss Inc, 1982;, pp 535-564.
9 +
Gleicher N, Elkayam U:  Intrauterine congestive heart failure , in Elkayam U, Gleicher N (eds): Cardiac Problems in Pregnancy: Diagnosis and Management of Maternal and Fetal Disease. New York, Alan R Liss Inc, 1982;, pp 565-576.
10 +
Belhassen B, Pauzner D, Blieden L, et al:  Intrauterine and postnatal atrial fibrillation in the Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome . Circulation 1982;;66:1124-1128.
11 +
Klein AM, Holzman IA, Austin EM:  Fetal tachycardia prior to the development of hydrops: Attempted pharmacologic cardioversion . Am J Obstet Gynecol 1979;;136:347-348.
12 +
DeVore GR, Donnerstein RL, Kleinman CS, et al:  Fetal echocardiography: II. The diagnosis and significance of a pericardial effusion in the fetus using real-time-directed M-mode ultrasound . Am J Obstet Gynecol 1982;;144:693-700.
13 +
Kerenyi TD, Gleicher N, Meller J, et al:  Transplacental cardioversion of intrauterine supraventricular tachycardia with digitalis . Lancet 1980;;2:393-394.
14 +
Harrigan JT, Kangos JJ, Sikka A, et al:  Successful treatment of fetal congestive heart failure secondary to tachycardia . N Engl J Med 1981;;304:1527-1529.
15 +
Kleinman CS, Donnerstein RL, DeVore GR, et al:  Fetal echocardiography for evaluation of in utero congestive heart failure . N Engl J Med 1982;;306:568-575.
16 +
Dumesic DA, Silverman NH, Tobias S, et al:  Transplacental cardioversion of fetal supra-ventricular tachycardia with procainamide . N Engl J Med 1982;;307:1128-1131.
17 +
Chitkara U, Gleicher N, Longli R, et al:  Persistent supraventricular tachycardia in utero . Diagn Gynecol Obstet 1980;;2:291-298.
18 +
Newberger JW, Keane JF:  Intrauterine supraventricular tachycardia . J Pediatr 1979;; 95:780-786.

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Country-Specific Mortality and Growth Failure in Infancy and Yound Children and Association With Material Stature

Use interactive graphics and maps to view and sort country-specific infant and early dhildhood mortality and growth failure data and their association with maternal

1 +
Anderson PAW, Manring A:  Biophysics of the developing heart , in Elkayam U, Gleicher N (eds): Cardiac Problems in Pregnancy: Diagnosis and Management of Maternal and Fetal Disease . New York, Alan R Liss Inc, 1982;, pp 337-364.
2 +
Wolfson RN, Sorokin T, Rosen MG:  Autonomic control of fetal cardiac activity , in Elkayam U, Gleicher N (eds): Cardiac Problems in Pregnancy: Diagnosis and Management of Maternal and Fetal Disease . New York, Alan R Liss Inc, 1982;, pp 365-379.
3 +
Moller JH, Pierpont MEM:  Genetic causes of congenital abnormalities , in Elkayam U, Gleicher N (eds): Cardiac Problems in Pregnancy: Diagnosis and Management of Maternal and Fetal Disease . New York, Alan R Liss Inc, 1982;, pp 383-418.
4 +
Brown EG, Ainbender E:  Infectious causes of congenital abnormalities , in Elkayam U, Gleicher N (eds): Cardiac Problems in Pregnancy: Diagnosis and Management of Maternal and Fetal Disease . New York, Alan R Liss Inc, 1982;, pp 419-432.
5 +
Ginsberg-Fellner F:  Metabolic causes of congenital abnormalities , in Elkayam U, Gleicher N (eds): Cardiac Problems in Pregnancy: Diagnosis and Management of Maternal and Fetal Disease . New York, Alan R Liss Inc, 1982;, pp 433-454.
6 +
Rosenman KD:  Environmental causes of congenital heart abnormalities , in Elkayam U, Gleicher N (eds): Cardiac Problems in Pregnancy: Diagnosis and Management of Maternal and Fetal Disease. New York, Alan R Liss Inc, 1982;, pp 455-459.
7 +
Young BK:  The normal and abnormal fetal heart rate , in Elkayam U, Gleicher N (eds): Cardiac Problems in Pregnancy: Diagnosis and Management of Maternal and Fetal Disease. New York, Alan R Liss Inc, 1982;, pp 521-534.
8 +
Gleicher N, Elkayam U:  Intrauterine dysrhythmias , in Elkayam U, Gleicher N (eds): Cardiac Problems in Pregnancy: Diagnosis and Management of Maternal and Fetal Disease. New York, Alan R Liss Inc, 1982;, pp 535-564.
9 +
Gleicher N, Elkayam U:  Intrauterine congestive heart failure , in Elkayam U, Gleicher N (eds): Cardiac Problems in Pregnancy: Diagnosis and Management of Maternal and Fetal Disease. New York, Alan R Liss Inc, 1982;, pp 565-576.
10 +
Belhassen B, Pauzner D, Blieden L, et al:  Intrauterine and postnatal atrial fibrillation in the Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome . Circulation 1982;;66:1124-1128.
11 +
Klein AM, Holzman IA, Austin EM:  Fetal tachycardia prior to the development of hydrops: Attempted pharmacologic cardioversion . Am J Obstet Gynecol 1979;;136:347-348.
12 +
DeVore GR, Donnerstein RL, Kleinman CS, et al:  Fetal echocardiography: II. The diagnosis and significance of a pericardial effusion in the fetus using real-time-directed M-mode ultrasound . Am J Obstet Gynecol 1982;;144:693-700.
13 +
Kerenyi TD, Gleicher N, Meller J, et al:  Transplacental cardioversion of intrauterine supraventricular tachycardia with digitalis . Lancet 1980;;2:393-394.
14 +
Harrigan JT, Kangos JJ, Sikka A, et al:  Successful treatment of fetal congestive heart failure secondary to tachycardia . N Engl J Med 1981;;304:1527-1529.
15 +
Kleinman CS, Donnerstein RL, DeVore GR, et al:  Fetal echocardiography for evaluation of in utero congestive heart failure . N Engl J Med 1982;;306:568-575.
16 +
Dumesic DA, Silverman NH, Tobias S, et al:  Transplacental cardioversion of fetal supra-ventricular tachycardia with procainamide . N Engl J Med 1982;;307:1128-1131.
17 +
Chitkara U, Gleicher N, Longli R, et al:  Persistent supraventricular tachycardia in utero . Diagn Gynecol Obstet 1980;;2:291-298.
18 +
Newberger JW, Keane JF:  Intrauterine supraventricular tachycardia . J Pediatr 1979;; 95:780-786.

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