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January 13, 1984, Vol 251, No. 2 >
ARTICLE | January 13, 1984

Effects of Physical Forces on the Reproductive Cycle FREE

[+] Author Affiliations

Report C of the Council on Scientific Affairs, adopted by the House of Delegates of the American Medical Association at the 1983 Annual Meeting. Past House Action A-80:243.

Reprint requests to the Division of Scientific Activities, Council on Scientific Affairs, American Medical Association, 535 N Dearborn St, Chicago, IL 60610 (Richard J. Jones, MD).


JAMA. 1984;251(2):247-250. doi:10.1001/jama.1984.03340260051026
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References

AMENDED Resolution 126 (A-80), "Professional Awareness of Hazards to Pregnant Workers," urged the American Medical Association to heighten awareness of physicians about circumstances associated with the reproductive health of workers and to familiarize them with the Guidelines on Pregnancy and Work, published by the American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists. The adopted resolution was referred through the Board of Trustees to the AMA Council on Scientific Affairs.

The Council appointed an Advisory Panel on Reproductive Hazards in the Workplace to prepare a report. The panel recommended, with Council concurrence, that the report should consider all phases of the reproductive cycle, including male and female fertility, mutagenicity, teratogenicity, fetotoxicity, and postnatal effects. The task was divided into three projects: (1) effects of physical forces on the reproductive cycle, (2) effects of toxic chemicals on the reproductive cycle, and (3) effects of pregnancy on work performance.

The following report should be a

REFERENCES

1 +
McCullough RE, Reeves JT, Liljegren RL:  Fetal growth retardation and increased infant mortality at high altitude . Arch Environ Health 1977;;32:36-39.
2 +
Moore LG, Rounds S, Jahnigen D, et al:  Infant birth weight is related to maternal arterial oxygenation at high altitude . J Appl Physiol 1982;;52:695-699.
3 +
Heath D, Williams DR: Man at High Altitude . New York, Churchill Livingston, 1977;, pp 215-224.
4 +
Timiras PS, Krum AA, Pace N:  Body and organ weights of rats during acclimatization to an altitude of 12,470 feet . Am J Physiol 1957;; 191:598-604.
5 +
Donayre R, Guerra-García R, Moncloa F, et al:  Endocrine studies at high altitude: IV. Changes in the semen of men . J Reprod Fertil 1968;;16:55-58.
6 +
Stock M, Lanphier E, Anderson D, et al:  Responses of fetal sheep to simulated no-decompression dives . J Appl Physiol 1980;;48:776-780.
7 +
Turner G, Unsworth J:  Intrauterine bends . Lancet 1982;;1:905.
8 +
Bolton ME:  Scuba diving and fetal well-being: A survey of 208 women . Undersea Biomed Res 1980;;7:183-189.
9 +
Knave B, Gamberale F, Bergström S, et al:  Long-term exposure to electric fields: A cross-sectional epidemiologic investigation of occupationally exposed workers in high-voltage substations . Scand J Work Environ Health 1979;; 5:115-125.
10 +
Lacy KK, DeSesso JM, Niewenhuis KJ, et al:  Ultrastructural changes observed subsequent to exposure of day 9 rat embryos to radiofrequency radiation or water bath induced hyperthermia , abstracted. Teratology 1981;;23:48.
11 +
Conover DL, Lary JM, Hanser PL: Bioelectromagnetics 1980;;1:204.
12 +
Lary JM, Conover DL, Foley ED, et al:  Teratogenicity of 27.12 MHz radio frequency radiation in rats , abstracted. Teratology 1979;; 19:36.
13 +
Pleet H, Graham JM, Smith DW:  Central nervous system and facial defects associated with maternal hyperthermia in four to 14 weeks gestation . Pediatrics 1981;;67:785-789.
14 +
Clarren SK, Smith DW, Harvey MAS, et al:  Hyperthermia: A prospective evaluation of a possible teratogenic agent in man . J Pediatr 1979;;95:81.
15 +
Harvey MA, McRorie MM, Smith DW:  Suggested limits to the use of the hot tub and sauna by pregnant women . Can Med Assoc J 1981;;125:50-53.
16 +
McCloud J:  The effect of chickenpox and pneumonia on semen quality . Fertil Steril 1951;; 2:523-533.
17 +
French DJ, Leeb CS, Jecht EW, et al:  Reduction in sperm output by febrile attacks of familial Mediterranean fever: A case report . Fertil Steril 1973;;24:490-493.
18 +
Macleod J, Hotchkiss RS:  The effect of hyperprexia upon spermatozoa in men . Endocrinology 1941;;28:780-784.
19 +
Steinberger E, Dixon WJ:  Some observations on the effect of heat on testicular germinal epithelium . Fertil Steril 1979;;30:578-594.
20 +
Rock J, Robinsin D:  Effect of induced intrascrotal hyperthermia on testicular function in man . Am J Obstet Gynecol 1965;;93:793-801.
21 +
Robinson D, Rock J, Menkin MF:  Control of human spermatogenesis by induced changes in intrascrotal temperature . JAMA 1968;;204:290-297.
22 +
Zorgniotti A, Reiss H, Toth A, et al:  Effect of clothing on scrotal temperature in normal men and in patients with poor semen . Urology 1982;;19:176-178.
23 +
Lecyk M:  The effect of hypothermia applied in the given stages of pregnancy on the number and form of vertebrae in the offspring of white mice . Experientia 1965;;21:452.
24 +
Smith AV:  The effects of foetal development of freezing pregnant hamsters . J Embryol Exp Morphol 1957;;5:311.
25 +
Committee on Biological Effects of Ionizing Radiation, National Research Council: The Effects on Populations of Exposure to Low Levels of Ionizing Radiation . Washington, DC, National Academy Press, 1980;.
26 +
Review of NCRP Radiation Dose Limit for Embryo and Fetus in Occupationally Exposed Women , NCRP report 53. Washington, DC, National Council on Radiation Protection and Measurements, (March) 1977;.
27 +
McCloud J, Hotchkiss RS, Sitterson BW:  Recovery of male fertility after sterilization by nuclear radiation . JAMA 1964;;187:637-641.
28 +
Jones FN, Tauscher T:  Residents under an airport landing pattern as a factor in teratism . Arch Environ Health 1978;;33:10-12.
29 +
Edmonds LO, Layde P, Erickson JD:  Airport noise and teratogenesis . Arch Environ Health 1979;;34:243-247.
30 +
Wurtman RJ:  The effects of light on the human body . Sci Am , (July) 1975;, p 68.
31 +
Weiss MM, Peterson RC:  Electromagnetic radiation initiated from video computer terminals . Am Ind Hyg Assoc J 1979;;40:300-309.
32 +
Wolbarsht ML, O'Foghludha F, Sliney D, et al:  Electromagnetic Emission From Visual Display Units: A Non-Hazard: Non-ionizing Radiation , proceedings of a symposium. Cincinnati, American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists Inc, 1980 , pp 193-201.
33 +
Research Reports on Health Issues in Video Display Operations . Cincinnati, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, 1981;.
34 +
Lary JM, Conover DL, Hauser PL:  Thermal threshold for teratogenesis in rats exposed to 27.12 MHz radiofrequency radiation , abstracted. Teratology 1981;;23:49.
35 +
Lancranjan I, Popescu HI, Gavănesco O, et al:  Gonadic function in workmen with long-term exposure to microwaves . Health Phys 1975;; 29:381-383.
36 +
King DL (ed): Diagnostic Ultrasound . St Louis, CV Mosby Co, 1974;.
37 +
Michael P, Kerlin R, Brenvenue G, et al: An Evaluation of Industrial Acoustic Radiation Above 10 hHz , contract (HSM) 99-72-125. University Park, Pa, National Institute of Occupational Safety and Health, 1974;.
38 +
Herman BA, Powell D: Airborne Ultrasound: Measurement and Possible Adverse Effects , Dept of Health and Human Services publication 81-8163. Rockville, Md, Food and Drug Administration, 1981;.
39 +
Sas M, Szöllösi J:  Impaired spermatogenesis as a common finding among professional divers . Arch Androl 1979;;3:57-60.

Figures

Tables

Interactive Graphics

Video

Country-Specific Mortality and Growth Failure in Infancy and Yound Children and Association With Material Stature

Use interactive graphics and maps to view and sort country-specific infant and early dhildhood mortality and growth failure data and their association with maternal

1 +
McCullough RE, Reeves JT, Liljegren RL:  Fetal growth retardation and increased infant mortality at high altitude . Arch Environ Health 1977;;32:36-39.
2 +
Moore LG, Rounds S, Jahnigen D, et al:  Infant birth weight is related to maternal arterial oxygenation at high altitude . J Appl Physiol 1982;;52:695-699.
3 +
Heath D, Williams DR: Man at High Altitude . New York, Churchill Livingston, 1977;, pp 215-224.
4 +
Timiras PS, Krum AA, Pace N:  Body and organ weights of rats during acclimatization to an altitude of 12,470 feet . Am J Physiol 1957;; 191:598-604.
5 +
Donayre R, Guerra-García R, Moncloa F, et al:  Endocrine studies at high altitude: IV. Changes in the semen of men . J Reprod Fertil 1968;;16:55-58.
6 +
Stock M, Lanphier E, Anderson D, et al:  Responses of fetal sheep to simulated no-decompression dives . J Appl Physiol 1980;;48:776-780.
7 +
Turner G, Unsworth J:  Intrauterine bends . Lancet 1982;;1:905.
8 +
Bolton ME:  Scuba diving and fetal well-being: A survey of 208 women . Undersea Biomed Res 1980;;7:183-189.
9 +
Knave B, Gamberale F, Bergström S, et al:  Long-term exposure to electric fields: A cross-sectional epidemiologic investigation of occupationally exposed workers in high-voltage substations . Scand J Work Environ Health 1979;; 5:115-125.
10 +
Lacy KK, DeSesso JM, Niewenhuis KJ, et al:  Ultrastructural changes observed subsequent to exposure of day 9 rat embryos to radiofrequency radiation or water bath induced hyperthermia , abstracted. Teratology 1981;;23:48.
11 +
Conover DL, Lary JM, Hanser PL: Bioelectromagnetics 1980;;1:204.
12 +
Lary JM, Conover DL, Foley ED, et al:  Teratogenicity of 27.12 MHz radio frequency radiation in rats , abstracted. Teratology 1979;; 19:36.
13 +
Pleet H, Graham JM, Smith DW:  Central nervous system and facial defects associated with maternal hyperthermia in four to 14 weeks gestation . Pediatrics 1981;;67:785-789.
14 +
Clarren SK, Smith DW, Harvey MAS, et al:  Hyperthermia: A prospective evaluation of a possible teratogenic agent in man . J Pediatr 1979;;95:81.
15 +
Harvey MA, McRorie MM, Smith DW:  Suggested limits to the use of the hot tub and sauna by pregnant women . Can Med Assoc J 1981;;125:50-53.
16 +
McCloud J:  The effect of chickenpox and pneumonia on semen quality . Fertil Steril 1951;; 2:523-533.
17 +
French DJ, Leeb CS, Jecht EW, et al:  Reduction in sperm output by febrile attacks of familial Mediterranean fever: A case report . Fertil Steril 1973;;24:490-493.
18 +
Macleod J, Hotchkiss RS:  The effect of hyperprexia upon spermatozoa in men . Endocrinology 1941;;28:780-784.
19 +
Steinberger E, Dixon WJ:  Some observations on the effect of heat on testicular germinal epithelium . Fertil Steril 1979;;30:578-594.
20 +
Rock J, Robinsin D:  Effect of induced intrascrotal hyperthermia on testicular function in man . Am J Obstet Gynecol 1965;;93:793-801.
21 +
Robinson D, Rock J, Menkin MF:  Control of human spermatogenesis by induced changes in intrascrotal temperature . JAMA 1968;;204:290-297.
22 +
Zorgniotti A, Reiss H, Toth A, et al:  Effect of clothing on scrotal temperature in normal men and in patients with poor semen . Urology 1982;;19:176-178.
23 +
Lecyk M:  The effect of hypothermia applied in the given stages of pregnancy on the number and form of vertebrae in the offspring of white mice . Experientia 1965;;21:452.
24 +
Smith AV:  The effects of foetal development of freezing pregnant hamsters . J Embryol Exp Morphol 1957;;5:311.
25 +
Committee on Biological Effects of Ionizing Radiation, National Research Council: The Effects on Populations of Exposure to Low Levels of Ionizing Radiation . Washington, DC, National Academy Press, 1980;.
26 +
Review of NCRP Radiation Dose Limit for Embryo and Fetus in Occupationally Exposed Women , NCRP report 53. Washington, DC, National Council on Radiation Protection and Measurements, (March) 1977;.
27 +
McCloud J, Hotchkiss RS, Sitterson BW:  Recovery of male fertility after sterilization by nuclear radiation . JAMA 1964;;187:637-641.
28 +
Jones FN, Tauscher T:  Residents under an airport landing pattern as a factor in teratism . Arch Environ Health 1978;;33:10-12.
29 +
Edmonds LO, Layde P, Erickson JD:  Airport noise and teratogenesis . Arch Environ Health 1979;;34:243-247.
30 +
Wurtman RJ:  The effects of light on the human body . Sci Am , (July) 1975;, p 68.
31 +
Weiss MM, Peterson RC:  Electromagnetic radiation initiated from video computer terminals . Am Ind Hyg Assoc J 1979;;40:300-309.
32 +
Wolbarsht ML, O'Foghludha F, Sliney D, et al:  Electromagnetic Emission From Visual Display Units: A Non-Hazard: Non-ionizing Radiation , proceedings of a symposium. Cincinnati, American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists Inc, 1980 , pp 193-201.
33 +
Research Reports on Health Issues in Video Display Operations . Cincinnati, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, 1981;.
34 +
Lary JM, Conover DL, Hauser PL:  Thermal threshold for teratogenesis in rats exposed to 27.12 MHz radiofrequency radiation , abstracted. Teratology 1981;;23:49.
35 +
Lancranjan I, Popescu HI, Gavănesco O, et al:  Gonadic function in workmen with long-term exposure to microwaves . Health Phys 1975;; 29:381-383.
36 +
King DL (ed): Diagnostic Ultrasound . St Louis, CV Mosby Co, 1974;.
37 +
Michael P, Kerlin R, Brenvenue G, et al: An Evaluation of Industrial Acoustic Radiation Above 10 hHz , contract (HSM) 99-72-125. University Park, Pa, National Institute of Occupational Safety and Health, 1974;.
38 +
Herman BA, Powell D: Airborne Ultrasound: Measurement and Possible Adverse Effects , Dept of Health and Human Services publication 81-8163. Rockville, Md, Food and Drug Administration, 1981;.
39 +
Sas M, Szöllösi J:  Impaired spermatogenesis as a common finding among professional divers . Arch Androl 1979;;3:57-60.

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