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February 17, 1984, Vol 251, No. 7 >
ARTICLE | February 17, 1984

A Clinical Trial of Change in Maternal Smoking and Its Effect on Birth Weight FREE

Mary Sexton, PhD, MPH; J. Richard Hebel, PhD
[+] Author Affiliations

Reprint requests to Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, 655 W Baltimore St, Baltimore, MD 21201 (Dr Sexton).


JAMA. 1984;251(7):911-915. doi:10.1001/jama.1984.03340310025013
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References

These clinical trial results are the first, to our knowledge, from a prospective, randomized, and controlled experiment demonstrating that a reduction of smoking during pregnancy improves the birth weight of the infant. Nine hundred thirty-five pregnant smokers were randomly assigned to treatment and control groups; the former received smoking intervention. At the eighth month of pregnancy, differences between the two groups in salivary thiocyanate level and reported smoking were statistically significant. For single, live births, the treatment group infants had a mean birth weight that was 92 g heavier and were 0.6 cm greater in length than the control group infants. The decrement in weight related to smoking cannot be fully explained by gestational age. The findings suggest that some fetal growth retardation can be overcome by the provision of antismoking assistance to pregnant women.

(JAMA 1984;251:911-915)

REFERENCES

1 +
US Dept of Health, Education, and Welfare: The Health Consequences of Smoking . Public Health Service, 1973;, chap 4.
2 +
US Dept of Health, Education, and Welfare: Smoking and Health: A Report of the Surgeon General , publication 79-50066. Public Health Service, 1979;.
3 +
MacMahon B, Alpert M, Salbert EJ:  Infant weight and parental smoking habits . Am J Epidemiol 1965;;82:247-261.
4 +
Meyer MB, Comstock GW:  Maternal cigarette smoking and perinatal mortality . Am J Epidemiol 1972;;96:1-10.
5 +
Underwood PB, Kesler KF, O'Lane JM, et al:  Parental smoking empirically related to pregnancy outcome . Obstet Gynecol 1967;;29:1-8.
6 +
Yerushalmy J:  Mother's cigarette smoking and survival of infant . Am J Obstet Gynecol 1964;;88:505-518.
7 +
Butler NR, Goldstein H, Ross EM:  Cigarette smoking in pregnancy: Its influence on birth weight and perinatal mortality . Br Med J 1972;; 2:127-130.
8 +
Yerushalmy J:  The relationship of parents' cigarette smoking to outcome of pregnancy: Implications as to the problem of inferring causation from observed associations . Am J Epidemiol 1971;;93:443-446.
9 +
Yerushalmy J:  Infants with low birth weight born before their mothers started to smoke cigarettes . Am J Obstet Gynecol 1972;; 112:277-284.
10 +
Hickey RJ, Clelland RC, Bowers EJ:  Maternal smoking, birth weight, infant death, and the self-selection problem . Am J Obstet Gynecol 1978;;131:805-811.
11 +
Goldstein H:  Smoking in pregnancy: Some notes on the statistical controversy . Br J Prev Soc Med 1977;;31:13-17.
12 +
Lehrer T:  Cessation of smoking in clinics: The problem of relapse and the 'quasi-sick' role , in Schwartz JL (ed): Progress in Smoking Cessation: Proceedings of the International Conference on Smoking Cessation, New York, June 21-23, 1978 . New York, American Cancer Society, 1978;, pp 142-144.
13 +
Vogt TM, Selvin S, Widdowson G, et al:  Expired carbon monoxide and serum thiocyanate as objective measures of cigarette exposure . Am J Public Health 1977;;67:545-549.
14 +
Multiple Risk Factor Intervention Trial Group:  The Multiple Risk Factor Intervention Trial . Ann NY Acad Sci 1978;;304:293-308.
15 +
Butts WC, Kuehneman M, Widdowson G:  Automated method for determining serum thiocyanate to distinguish smokers from non-smokers . Clin Chem 1974;;20:1344-1348.
16 +
Niswander KR, Gordon M: The Women and Their Pregnancies: Collaborative Perinatal Study of the National Institute of Neurological Diseases and Stroke . Philadelphia, WB Saunders Co, 1972;, chap 7.
17 +
Donovan JW:  Randomized controlled trial of anti-smoking advice in pregnancy . Br J Prev Soc Med 1977;;31:6-12.
18 +
Hardy JB, Mellits ED:  Does maternal smoking during pregnancy have a long-term effect on the child? Am J Obstet Gynecol 1972;; 2:1332-1336.

Figures

Tables

Interactive Graphics

Video

Country-Specific Mortality and Growth Failure in Infancy and Yound Children and Association With Material Stature

Use interactive graphics and maps to view and sort country-specific infant and early dhildhood mortality and growth failure data and their association with maternal

1 +
US Dept of Health, Education, and Welfare: The Health Consequences of Smoking . Public Health Service, 1973;, chap 4.
2 +
US Dept of Health, Education, and Welfare: Smoking and Health: A Report of the Surgeon General , publication 79-50066. Public Health Service, 1979;.
3 +
MacMahon B, Alpert M, Salbert EJ:  Infant weight and parental smoking habits . Am J Epidemiol 1965;;82:247-261.
4 +
Meyer MB, Comstock GW:  Maternal cigarette smoking and perinatal mortality . Am J Epidemiol 1972;;96:1-10.
5 +
Underwood PB, Kesler KF, O'Lane JM, et al:  Parental smoking empirically related to pregnancy outcome . Obstet Gynecol 1967;;29:1-8.
6 +
Yerushalmy J:  Mother's cigarette smoking and survival of infant . Am J Obstet Gynecol 1964;;88:505-518.
7 +
Butler NR, Goldstein H, Ross EM:  Cigarette smoking in pregnancy: Its influence on birth weight and perinatal mortality . Br Med J 1972;; 2:127-130.
8 +
Yerushalmy J:  The relationship of parents' cigarette smoking to outcome of pregnancy: Implications as to the problem of inferring causation from observed associations . Am J Epidemiol 1971;;93:443-446.
9 +
Yerushalmy J:  Infants with low birth weight born before their mothers started to smoke cigarettes . Am J Obstet Gynecol 1972;; 112:277-284.
10 +
Hickey RJ, Clelland RC, Bowers EJ:  Maternal smoking, birth weight, infant death, and the self-selection problem . Am J Obstet Gynecol 1978;;131:805-811.
11 +
Goldstein H:  Smoking in pregnancy: Some notes on the statistical controversy . Br J Prev Soc Med 1977;;31:13-17.
12 +
Lehrer T:  Cessation of smoking in clinics: The problem of relapse and the 'quasi-sick' role , in Schwartz JL (ed): Progress in Smoking Cessation: Proceedings of the International Conference on Smoking Cessation, New York, June 21-23, 1978 . New York, American Cancer Society, 1978;, pp 142-144.
13 +
Vogt TM, Selvin S, Widdowson G, et al:  Expired carbon monoxide and serum thiocyanate as objective measures of cigarette exposure . Am J Public Health 1977;;67:545-549.
14 +
Multiple Risk Factor Intervention Trial Group:  The Multiple Risk Factor Intervention Trial . Ann NY Acad Sci 1978;;304:293-308.
15 +
Butts WC, Kuehneman M, Widdowson G:  Automated method for determining serum thiocyanate to distinguish smokers from non-smokers . Clin Chem 1974;;20:1344-1348.
16 +
Niswander KR, Gordon M: The Women and Their Pregnancies: Collaborative Perinatal Study of the National Institute of Neurological Diseases and Stroke . Philadelphia, WB Saunders Co, 1972;, chap 7.
17 +
Donovan JW:  Randomized controlled trial of anti-smoking advice in pregnancy . Br J Prev Soc Med 1977;;31:6-12.
18 +
Hardy JB, Mellits ED:  Does maternal smoking during pregnancy have a long-term effect on the child? Am J Obstet Gynecol 1972;; 2:1332-1336.

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