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February 10, 1984, Vol 251, No. 6 >
ARTICLE | February 10, 1984

The Genetics of Antibody Production: Title and subTitle BreakClinical Implications FREE

John N. Goldman, MD; Margaret B. Goldman, PhD
[+] Author Affiliations

A glossary of terms used in this article appears on page 787.

Reprint requests to Michael Reese Hospital and Medical Center, 29th Street at Lake Shore Drive, Chicago, IL 60616 (Dr J. Goldman).


JAMA. 1984;251(6):774-787. doi:10.1001/jama.1984.03340300066034
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References

IN THE 1840s, Dr Henry Bence Jones published a description of an unusual protein found in the urine of a patient with a disease that was to become known as multiple myeloma or plasmacytoma.1 (See glossary on page 787.) These "Bence Jones proteins" are now known to consist of the light chains of immunoglobulins and are but one of many protein abnormalities associated with multiple myeloma. Multiple myeloma results from the malignant proliferation of a clone of plasma cells that produce intact immunoglobulins or immunoglobulin fragments or both. The distinguishing feature of multiple myeloma is its association with a highly homogeneous population of immunoglobulin molecules (ie, monoclonal) rather than highly heterogeneous populations that are found in normal persons. Immunoglobulins are the most heterogeneous family of biologic molecules known. Plasmacytomas also occur in a variety of experimental animals, most notably in the mouse where the disease can readily be induced

REFERENCES

1 +
Bence Jones H:  On a new substance occurring in the urine of a patient with mollities ossium . Phil Trans Soc 1848;;1:55-62.
2 +
Potter M:  A resume of the current status of the development of plasma-cell tumors in mice . Cancer Res 1968;;28:1891-1896.
3 +
Bruton OC:  Agammaglobulinemia . Pediatrics 1952;;9:722-728.
4 +
Tiselins A, Kabat EA:  An electrophoretic study of immune sera and purified antibody preparations . J Exp Med 1939;;69:119-181.
5 +
Porter RR:  The hydrolysis of rabbit γ-globulin and antibodies with crystalline papain . Biochem J 1959;;73:119-126.
6 +
Edelman GM:  Dissociation of γ-globulin . J Am Chem Soc 1959;; 81:3155-3156.
7 +
Dreyer WJ, Bennett JC:  The molecular basis of antibody formation: A paradox . Proc Nati Acad Sci USA 1965;;54:864-869.
8 +
Honjo T, Packman S, Swan D, et al:  Quantitation of constant and variable region genes for mouse immunoglobulin chains . Biochemistry 1976;;15:2780-2785.
9 +
Tonegawa S:  Reiteration frequency of immunoglobulin light chain genes: Further evidence for somatic generation of antibody diversity . Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 1976;;73:203-207.
10 +
Matthyssens G, Tonegawa S:  V and C parts of immunoglobulin-chain genes are separate in myeloma . Nature 1978;;273:763-765.
11 +
Maxam AM, Gilbert W:  A new method for sequencing DNA . Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 1977;;74:560-564.
12 +
Sanger F, Coulson AR:  The use of thin acrylamide gels for DNA sequencing . FEBS Lett 1978;;87:107-116.
13 +
Brack C, Tonegawa S:  Variable and constant parts of the immunoglobulin light chain of a mouse myeloma cell are 1,250 nontranslated bases apart . Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 1977;;74:5652.
14 +
Max EE, Seidman JG, Leder P:  Sequences of five potential recombination sites encoded closets an immunoglobulin kappa constant region gene . Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 1979;;76:3450-3454.
15 +
Maki R, Roeder W, Trannecker A, et al:  The role of DNA rearrangement and alternative RNA processing in the expression of immunoglobulin delta-genes . Cell 1981;;24:353-365.
16 +
Early P, Rogers J, Davis M, et al:  Two mRNAs can be produced from a single immunoglobulin μ gene by alternative RNA processing pathways . Cell 1980;;20:313-319.
17 +
Nisonoff A, Fudenberg HH, Wilson SK, et al:  Individual antigenic specificity in immunoglobulins: Relationship to biosynthesis . Fed Proc 1972;;31:206-209.
18 +
Cooper MD, Buckley RH:  Developmental immunology and the immunodeficiency diseases . JAMA 1982;;248:2658-2669.
19 +
Buckley RH:  Immunodeficiency diseases , in Kelley WN, Herris ED, Ruddy S, et al (eds): Textbook of Rheumatology . Philadelphia, WB Saunders Co, 1981;, pp 1351-1377.
20 +
Immunodeficiency:  Report of a World Health Organization scientific group . WHO Tech Rep Ser 1978;;630:1-80.
21 +
Rowley J:  Identification of the constant chromosome regions involved in human hematologic malignant disease . Science 1982;;216:749-751.
22 +
Yunis JJ, Ramsay N:  Retinoblastoma and subband deletion of chromosome 13 . Am J Dis Child 1978;;132:161-163.
23 +
Dalla-Favera R, Bregui M, Erikson J, et al:  Human c-myc onc gene is located on the region of chromosome 8 that is translocated in Burkitt lymphoma cells . Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 1982;;79:7824-7827.
24 +
Poiesz BJ, Ruscetti FW, Gazdar AF, et al:  Detection and isolation of type C retrovirus particles from fresh and cultured lymphocytes of a patient with cutaneous T-cell lymphoma . Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 1980;;77:7415-7419.
25 +
Taub R, Kirsch I, Morton C, et al:  Translocation of the c-myc gene into the immunoglobulin heavy chain locus in human Burkitt lymphoma and murine plasmacytoma cells . Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 1982;;79:7837-7841.

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1 +
Bence Jones H:  On a new substance occurring in the urine of a patient with mollities ossium . Phil Trans Soc 1848;;1:55-62.
2 +
Potter M:  A resume of the current status of the development of plasma-cell tumors in mice . Cancer Res 1968;;28:1891-1896.
3 +
Bruton OC:  Agammaglobulinemia . Pediatrics 1952;;9:722-728.
4 +
Tiselins A, Kabat EA:  An electrophoretic study of immune sera and purified antibody preparations . J Exp Med 1939;;69:119-181.
5 +
Porter RR:  The hydrolysis of rabbit γ-globulin and antibodies with crystalline papain . Biochem J 1959;;73:119-126.
6 +
Edelman GM:  Dissociation of γ-globulin . J Am Chem Soc 1959;; 81:3155-3156.
7 +
Dreyer WJ, Bennett JC:  The molecular basis of antibody formation: A paradox . Proc Nati Acad Sci USA 1965;;54:864-869.
8 +
Honjo T, Packman S, Swan D, et al:  Quantitation of constant and variable region genes for mouse immunoglobulin chains . Biochemistry 1976;;15:2780-2785.
9 +
Tonegawa S:  Reiteration frequency of immunoglobulin light chain genes: Further evidence for somatic generation of antibody diversity . Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 1976;;73:203-207.
10 +
Matthyssens G, Tonegawa S:  V and C parts of immunoglobulin-chain genes are separate in myeloma . Nature 1978;;273:763-765.
11 +
Maxam AM, Gilbert W:  A new method for sequencing DNA . Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 1977;;74:560-564.
12 +
Sanger F, Coulson AR:  The use of thin acrylamide gels for DNA sequencing . FEBS Lett 1978;;87:107-116.
13 +
Brack C, Tonegawa S:  Variable and constant parts of the immunoglobulin light chain of a mouse myeloma cell are 1,250 nontranslated bases apart . Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 1977;;74:5652.
14 +
Max EE, Seidman JG, Leder P:  Sequences of five potential recombination sites encoded closets an immunoglobulin kappa constant region gene . Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 1979;;76:3450-3454.
15 +
Maki R, Roeder W, Trannecker A, et al:  The role of DNA rearrangement and alternative RNA processing in the expression of immunoglobulin delta-genes . Cell 1981;;24:353-365.
16 +
Early P, Rogers J, Davis M, et al:  Two mRNAs can be produced from a single immunoglobulin μ gene by alternative RNA processing pathways . Cell 1980;;20:313-319.
17 +
Nisonoff A, Fudenberg HH, Wilson SK, et al:  Individual antigenic specificity in immunoglobulins: Relationship to biosynthesis . Fed Proc 1972;;31:206-209.
18 +
Cooper MD, Buckley RH:  Developmental immunology and the immunodeficiency diseases . JAMA 1982;;248:2658-2669.
19 +
Buckley RH:  Immunodeficiency diseases , in Kelley WN, Herris ED, Ruddy S, et al (eds): Textbook of Rheumatology . Philadelphia, WB Saunders Co, 1981;, pp 1351-1377.
20 +
Immunodeficiency:  Report of a World Health Organization scientific group . WHO Tech Rep Ser 1978;;630:1-80.
21 +
Rowley J:  Identification of the constant chromosome regions involved in human hematologic malignant disease . Science 1982;;216:749-751.
22 +
Yunis JJ, Ramsay N:  Retinoblastoma and subband deletion of chromosome 13 . Am J Dis Child 1978;;132:161-163.
23 +
Dalla-Favera R, Bregui M, Erikson J, et al:  Human c-myc onc gene is located on the region of chromosome 8 that is translocated in Burkitt lymphoma cells . Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 1982;;79:7824-7827.
24 +
Poiesz BJ, Ruscetti FW, Gazdar AF, et al:  Detection and isolation of type C retrovirus particles from fresh and cultured lymphocytes of a patient with cutaneous T-cell lymphoma . Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 1980;;77:7415-7419.
25 +
Taub R, Kirsch I, Morton C, et al:  Translocation of the c-myc gene into the immunoglobulin heavy chain locus in human Burkitt lymphoma and murine plasmacytoma cells . Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 1982;;79:7837-7841.

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