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May 25, 1984, Vol 251, No. 20 >
ARTICLE | May 25, 1984

Inactivated Poliomyelitis Vaccination: Title and subTitle BreakIssues Reconsidered FREE

E. Russell Alexander, MD
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Reprint requests to Technical Information Service, Center for Prevention Services, Centers for Disease Control, Atlanta, GA 30333 (Dr Alexander).

A commentary on Salk JE: Considerations in the preparation and use of poliomyelitis virus vaccine. JAMA 1955;158:1239-1248.


JAMA. 1984;251(20):2710-2712. doi:10.1001/jama.1984.03340440068032
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References

It is difficult to look back at an important scientific contribution and to assess the full significance of the work. It must be evaluated in relation to the time in which it was written. What were its roots? What was the notable contribution of this work? Furthermore, where did it lead us? Only with that precious gift of knowing what really happened can we now look back and assess the broader significance of the contribution. Thus, we can examine the important article, "Considerations in the Preparation and Use of Poliomyelitis Vaccine," by Jonas Salk, published in The Journal in August 1955.1

First Polio Vaccine  In that year, there was an urgent problem, and this article represented one important response. Salk had been the first to take advantage of the basic contribution of Enders et al2 in the propagation of poliovirus in non-neural tissue cultures and produced a formalininactivated

REFERENCES

1 +
Salk IE:  Considerations in the preparation and use of poliomyelitis virus vaccine . JAMA 1955;;158:1239-1248.
2 +
Enders JF, Weller TH, Robbins FC:  Cultivation of the Lansing strain of poliomyelitis virus in cultures of various human embryonic tissues . Science 1949;;109:85-87.
3 +
Salk IE, Lewis LF, Bennett BL, et al:  Immunization of monkeys with poliomyelitis viruses grown in cultures of monkey testicular tissue . Fed Pract 1952;;11:480.
4 +
Salk JE, Bennett BL, Lewis LF, et al:  Studies in human subjects on active immunization against poliomyelitis: I. A preliminary report of experiments in progress . JAMA 1953;;151:1081-1098.
5 +
Salk JE, Baseley PL, Bennett BL, et al:  Studies in human subjects on active immunization against poliomyelitis: II. A practical means of inducing and maintaining antibody formation . Am J Public Health 1954;;44:994-1009.
6 +
 Summary of the report of the National Advisory Committee for Evaluation of Gamma Globulin: Evaluation of gamma globulin in prophylaxis of paralytic poliomyelitis in 1953 . JAMA 1954;;154:1086-1090.
7 +
Francis T Jr, Korn RF, Voight RB, et al:  An evaluation of the 1954 poliomyelitis vaccine trials: Summary report . Am J Public Health 1955;;45:1-63.
8 +
Nathanson N, Langmuir AD:  The Cutter incident: Poliomyelitis following formaldehyde-inactivated poliovirus vaccination in the United States during the spring of 1955: I. Background . Am J Hygiene 1963;;78:16-81.
9 +
Salk JE, Gori JB:  A review of theoretical, experimental and practical considerations in the use of formaldehyde for the inactivation of poliovirus . Ann NY Acad Sci 1960;;83:609-637.
10 +
Murray R:  The standardization of potency of poliomyelitis vaccine , in Poliomyelitis: Fifth International Poliomyelitis Conference, Copenhagen, 1960 . Philadelphia, JB Lippincott Co, 1961;, pp 176-185.
11 +
Salk D:  Eradication of poliomyelitis in the United States: II. Experience with killed poliovirus vaccine . Rev Infect Dis 1980;;2:243-257.
12 +
Salk J, Salk D:  Control of influenza and poliomyelitis with killed virus vaccines . Science 1977;;195:834-847.
13 +
Chin TDY, Marine WM, Hall EC, et al:  Poliomyelitis in Des Moines, Iowa . Am J Hygiene 1961;;74:67-94.
14 +
Marine WM, Chin TDY, Gravelle CR:  Limitation of fecal and pharyngeal poliovirus excretion in Salk-vaccinated children: A family study during a type I poliomyelitis epidemic . Am JHygiene 1962;;76:173-175.
15 +
Nathanson N:  Eradication of poliomyelitis in the United States . Rev Infect Dis 1982;;4:940.
16 +
Moore M, Katsona P, Kaplan JE, et al:  Poliomyelitis in the United States, 1969-81 . I Infect Dis 1982;;146:558-563.
17 +
Salk JE:  Persistence of immunity after administration of formalintreated poliovirus vaccine . Lancet 1960;;2:715-724.
18 +
Nightingale EO:  Recommendations for a national policy on poliomyelitis vaccination . N Engl J Med 1977;;297:249-253.
19 +
Krishnan R, Jadkav M, Selvakimar R, et al:  Immune response of infants in tropics to injectable polio vaccine . Br Med J 1982;;184:164-165.
20 +
John TJ, Pandian R, Gadomski A, et al:  Control of poliomyelitis by pulse immunization in Vellore, India . Br Med J 1983;;286:31-32.

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1 +
Salk IE:  Considerations in the preparation and use of poliomyelitis virus vaccine . JAMA 1955;;158:1239-1248.
2 +
Enders JF, Weller TH, Robbins FC:  Cultivation of the Lansing strain of poliomyelitis virus in cultures of various human embryonic tissues . Science 1949;;109:85-87.
3 +
Salk IE, Lewis LF, Bennett BL, et al:  Immunization of monkeys with poliomyelitis viruses grown in cultures of monkey testicular tissue . Fed Pract 1952;;11:480.
4 +
Salk JE, Bennett BL, Lewis LF, et al:  Studies in human subjects on active immunization against poliomyelitis: I. A preliminary report of experiments in progress . JAMA 1953;;151:1081-1098.
5 +
Salk JE, Baseley PL, Bennett BL, et al:  Studies in human subjects on active immunization against poliomyelitis: II. A practical means of inducing and maintaining antibody formation . Am J Public Health 1954;;44:994-1009.
6 +
 Summary of the report of the National Advisory Committee for Evaluation of Gamma Globulin: Evaluation of gamma globulin in prophylaxis of paralytic poliomyelitis in 1953 . JAMA 1954;;154:1086-1090.
7 +
Francis T Jr, Korn RF, Voight RB, et al:  An evaluation of the 1954 poliomyelitis vaccine trials: Summary report . Am J Public Health 1955;;45:1-63.
8 +
Nathanson N, Langmuir AD:  The Cutter incident: Poliomyelitis following formaldehyde-inactivated poliovirus vaccination in the United States during the spring of 1955: I. Background . Am J Hygiene 1963;;78:16-81.
9 +
Salk JE, Gori JB:  A review of theoretical, experimental and practical considerations in the use of formaldehyde for the inactivation of poliovirus . Ann NY Acad Sci 1960;;83:609-637.
10 +
Murray R:  The standardization of potency of poliomyelitis vaccine , in Poliomyelitis: Fifth International Poliomyelitis Conference, Copenhagen, 1960 . Philadelphia, JB Lippincott Co, 1961;, pp 176-185.
11 +
Salk D:  Eradication of poliomyelitis in the United States: II. Experience with killed poliovirus vaccine . Rev Infect Dis 1980;;2:243-257.
12 +
Salk J, Salk D:  Control of influenza and poliomyelitis with killed virus vaccines . Science 1977;;195:834-847.
13 +
Chin TDY, Marine WM, Hall EC, et al:  Poliomyelitis in Des Moines, Iowa . Am J Hygiene 1961;;74:67-94.
14 +
Marine WM, Chin TDY, Gravelle CR:  Limitation of fecal and pharyngeal poliovirus excretion in Salk-vaccinated children: A family study during a type I poliomyelitis epidemic . Am JHygiene 1962;;76:173-175.
15 +
Nathanson N:  Eradication of poliomyelitis in the United States . Rev Infect Dis 1982;;4:940.
16 +
Moore M, Katsona P, Kaplan JE, et al:  Poliomyelitis in the United States, 1969-81 . I Infect Dis 1982;;146:558-563.
17 +
Salk JE:  Persistence of immunity after administration of formalintreated poliovirus vaccine . Lancet 1960;;2:715-724.
18 +
Nightingale EO:  Recommendations for a national policy on poliomyelitis vaccination . N Engl J Med 1977;;297:249-253.
19 +
Krishnan R, Jadkav M, Selvakimar R, et al:  Immune response of infants in tropics to injectable polio vaccine . Br Med J 1982;;184:164-165.
20 +
John TJ, Pandian R, Gadomski A, et al:  Control of poliomyelitis by pulse immunization in Vellore, India . Br Med J 1983;;286:31-32.

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