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March 4, 1983, Vol 249, No. 9 >
ARTICLE | March 4, 1983

The Surveillance of Infectious Diseases FREE

Stephen B. Thacker, MD; Keewhan Choi, PhD; Philip S. Brachman, MD
[+] Author Affiliations

Reprint requests to Consolidated Surveillance and Communications Activity, Epidemiology Program Office, Centers for Disease Control, Bldg 1, Room 5127, Atlanta, GA 30333 (Dr Thacker).


JAMA. 1983;249(9):1181-1185. doi:10.1001/jama.1983.03330330059036
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References

Surveillance is the collection, collation, and analysis of data and the dissemination to those who need to know so that an action can result. This article describes the clinician's critical role in disease reporting and outlines the benefits of surveillance to clinical practice. Four commonly used systems of disease surveillance are notifiable disease reporting, laboratory-based surveillance, hospital-based surveillance, and population-based surveillance. We analyze the relative strengths and limitations of each of these systems and present current efforts to evaluate and improve surveillance activities.

(JAMA 1983;249:1181-1185)

REFERENCES

1 +
Langmuir AD:  The surveillance of communicable diseases of national importance . N Engl J Med 1963;;268:182-192.
2 +
Centers for Disease Control:  Annual summary 1980: Reported morbidity and mortality in the United States . MMWR 1981;;29:49.
3 +
Schonberger LB, Bregman DJ, Sullivan-Bolyai JZ, et al:  Guillain-Barré syndrome following vaccination in the national influenza immunization program, United States, 1976-1977 . Am J Epidemiol 1979;;110:105-123.
4 +
Guillain-Barré Syndrome Surveillance Report, January 1978-March 1979 . Atlanta, Centers for Disease Control, 1980;.
5 +
Collins RN, Treger MD, Goldsby JB, et al:  Interstate outbreak of Salmonella new brunswick infection traced to powdered milk . JAMA 1968;;203:118-124.
6 +
Levy BS, Mature J, Washburn JW:  Intensive hepatitis surveillance in Minnesota: Methods and results . Am J Epidemiol 1977;;105:127-134.
7 +
Weissman JB, Marton KI, Lewis JN, et al:  Impact in the United States of the Shiga dysentery pandemic of Central America and Mexico: A review of surveillance data through 1972 . J Infect Dis 1974;;129:218-223.
8 +
Goldmann DA, Dixon RE, Fulkerson CC, et al:  The role of nationwide nosocomial infection surveillance in detecting epidemic bacteremia due to contaminated intravenous fluids . Am J Epidemiol 1978;;8:207-213.
9 +
Marine WM, McGowan JE, Thomas JE:  Influenza detection: A prospective comparison of surveillance methods and analysis of isolates . Am J Epidemiol 1976;;104:248-255.
10 +
Choi K, Thacker SB:  An evaluation of influenza mortality surveillance, 1962-1979: I. Time series forecasts of expected pneumonia and influenza deaths . Am J Epidemiol 1981;;113:215-226.
11 +
Choi K, Thacker SB:  Improved accuracy and specificity of forecasting deaths attributed to pneumonia and influenza . J Infect Dis 1981;; 144:606-608.
12 +
 National surveillance for Reye syndrome, 1981: Update, Reye syndrome and salicylate usage . MMWR 1982;;31:53-56, 61.
13 +
Mast WE, Burrows WM:  Erythema chronicum migrans in the United States . JAMA 1976;; 236:859-860.
14 +
Steere AC, Malawista SE:  Cases of Lyme disease in the United States: Locations correlated with distribution of Ixodes dammini . Ann Intern Med 1979;;91:730-733.
15 +
Burgdorfer W, Barbour AG, Hayes SF, et al:  Lyme disease—a tick-borne spirochetosis? Science 1982;;216:1327-1329.
16 +
Kimball AM, Thacker SB, Levy ME:  Shigella surveillance in a large metropolitan area: Assessment of a passive reporting system . Am J Public Health 1980;;70:164-166.
17 +
Marier R:  The reporting of communicable disease . Am J Epidemiol 1977;;105:587-590.
18 +
Rosenberg MJ, Gangarosa EJ, Pollard RA, et al:  Shigella surveillance in the United States, 1975 . J Infect Dis 1977;;136:458-460.
19 +
Hinman AR, Eddins DL, Kirby CD, et al:  Progress in measles elimination . JAMA 1982;; 247:1592-1595.

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Country-Specific Mortality and Growth Failure in Infancy and Yound Children and Association With Material Stature

Use interactive graphics and maps to view and sort country-specific infant and early dhildhood mortality and growth failure data and their association with maternal

1 +
Langmuir AD:  The surveillance of communicable diseases of national importance . N Engl J Med 1963;;268:182-192.
2 +
Centers for Disease Control:  Annual summary 1980: Reported morbidity and mortality in the United States . MMWR 1981;;29:49.
3 +
Schonberger LB, Bregman DJ, Sullivan-Bolyai JZ, et al:  Guillain-Barré syndrome following vaccination in the national influenza immunization program, United States, 1976-1977 . Am J Epidemiol 1979;;110:105-123.
4 +
Guillain-Barré Syndrome Surveillance Report, January 1978-March 1979 . Atlanta, Centers for Disease Control, 1980;.
5 +
Collins RN, Treger MD, Goldsby JB, et al:  Interstate outbreak of Salmonella new brunswick infection traced to powdered milk . JAMA 1968;;203:118-124.
6 +
Levy BS, Mature J, Washburn JW:  Intensive hepatitis surveillance in Minnesota: Methods and results . Am J Epidemiol 1977;;105:127-134.
7 +
Weissman JB, Marton KI, Lewis JN, et al:  Impact in the United States of the Shiga dysentery pandemic of Central America and Mexico: A review of surveillance data through 1972 . J Infect Dis 1974;;129:218-223.
8 +
Goldmann DA, Dixon RE, Fulkerson CC, et al:  The role of nationwide nosocomial infection surveillance in detecting epidemic bacteremia due to contaminated intravenous fluids . Am J Epidemiol 1978;;8:207-213.
9 +
Marine WM, McGowan JE, Thomas JE:  Influenza detection: A prospective comparison of surveillance methods and analysis of isolates . Am J Epidemiol 1976;;104:248-255.
10 +
Choi K, Thacker SB:  An evaluation of influenza mortality surveillance, 1962-1979: I. Time series forecasts of expected pneumonia and influenza deaths . Am J Epidemiol 1981;;113:215-226.
11 +
Choi K, Thacker SB:  Improved accuracy and specificity of forecasting deaths attributed to pneumonia and influenza . J Infect Dis 1981;; 144:606-608.
12 +
 National surveillance for Reye syndrome, 1981: Update, Reye syndrome and salicylate usage . MMWR 1982;;31:53-56, 61.
13 +
Mast WE, Burrows WM:  Erythema chronicum migrans in the United States . JAMA 1976;; 236:859-860.
14 +
Steere AC, Malawista SE:  Cases of Lyme disease in the United States: Locations correlated with distribution of Ixodes dammini . Ann Intern Med 1979;;91:730-733.
15 +
Burgdorfer W, Barbour AG, Hayes SF, et al:  Lyme disease—a tick-borne spirochetosis? Science 1982;;216:1327-1329.
16 +
Kimball AM, Thacker SB, Levy ME:  Shigella surveillance in a large metropolitan area: Assessment of a passive reporting system . Am J Public Health 1980;;70:164-166.
17 +
Marier R:  The reporting of communicable disease . Am J Epidemiol 1977;;105:587-590.
18 +
Rosenberg MJ, Gangarosa EJ, Pollard RA, et al:  Shigella surveillance in the United States, 1975 . J Infect Dis 1977;;136:458-460.
19 +
Hinman AR, Eddins DL, Kirby CD, et al:  Progress in measles elimination . JAMA 1982;; 247:1592-1595.

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