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May 13, 1983, Vol 249, No. 18 >
ARTICLE | May 13, 1983

Fetal Effects of Maternal Alcohol Use FREE

[+] Author Affiliations

Reprint requests to Division of Scientific Analysis and Technology, Council on Scientific Affairs, American Medical Association, 535 N Dearborn St, Chicago, IL 60610 (Richard J. Jones, MD).


JAMA. 1983;249(18):2517-2521. doi:10.1001/jama.1983.03330420063039
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References

IN JULY 1981, the Surgeon General of the United States issued an advisory on drinking during pregnancy.1 "Each patient," he declared, "should be told about the risk of alcohol consumption during pregnancy, and advised not to drink alcoholic beverages and to be aware of the alcoholic content of foods and drugs."

The advisory summarized relevant findings of a report on the health hazards of alcohol that had recently been issued by the US Department of the Treasury and the Department of Health and Human Services. Among these findings were decrements in birth weights of infants whose mothers' average intake of absolute alcohol was as small as 30 mL (1 oz) per day, an increased risk of spontaneous abortions with ingestion of as little as 30 mL of alcohol per week, as well as major deformities and impairments that are characterized as the fetal alcohol syndrome (FAS) and associated with

REFERENCES

1 +
 Surgeon General's Advisory on Alcohol and Pregnancy . FDA Drug Bull 1981;;11:1-2.
2 +
Pearse WH, Sammons JH:  Fetal Alcohol Syndrome—an open letter to physicians . AM News , (May 5) , 1978;, p 4.
3 +
Little RE, Graham JM, Samson HH:  Fetal alcohol effects in humans and animals . Adv Alcohol Substance Abuse , in press.
4 +
Streissguth AP:  Moderate drinking during pregnancy and offspring effects . Presented at the Symposium on Moderate Drinking, American Medical Association 33rd Winter Scientific Meeting, San Antonio, Tex, Jan 13, 1980 .
5 +
Ouellette EM, Rosett HL, Rosman NP, et al:  Adverse effects on offspring of maternal alcohol abuse during pregnancy . N Engl J Med 1977;; 297:528-530.
6 +
Jones KL, Smith DW:  Recognition of the fetal alcohol syndrome in early infancy . Lancet 1973;;2:999-1001.
7 +
Streissguth AP, Landesman-Dwyer S, Martin JC, et al:  Teratogenic effects of alcohol in humans and laboratory animals . Science 1980;; 209:353-361.
8 +
Clarren SK, Smith DW:  The fetal alcohol syndrome . N Engl J Med 1978;;298:1063-1067.
9 +
Gonzalez ER:  New ophthalmic findings in fetal alcohol syndrome . JAMA 1981;;245:108.
10 +
Iosub S, Fuchs M, Bingol N, et al:  Fetal alcohol syndrome revisited . Pediatrics 1981;; 68:475-479.
11 +
Streissguth AP:  Fetal alcohol syndrome: An epidemiological perspective . Am J Epidemiol 1978;;107:467-478.
12 +
Kaminski M, Franc M, Lebouvier M, et al:  Moderate alcohol use and pregnancy outcome . Neurobehav Toxicol Teratol 1981;;3:173-181.
13 +
Harlap S, Shiono PH:  Alcohol, smoking and incidence of spontaneous abortion in the first and second trimesters . Lancet 1980;;2:173-176.
14 +
Sander LW, Snyder PA, Rosett HL, et al:  Effects of alcohol intake during pregnancy on newborn state regulation: A progress report . Alcoholism Clin Exp Res 1977;;1:233-241.
15 +
Rosett HL, Weiner L:  Identifying and treating pregnant patients at risk from alcohol . Can Med Assoc J 1981;;125:149-154.
16 +
Hanson JW, Streissguth AP, Smith DW:  The effects of moderate alcohol consumption during pregnancy on fetal growth and morphogenesis . J Pediatr 1978;;92:457-460.
17 +
Streissguth AP, Barr HM, Martin DC, et al:  Effects of maternal alcohol, nicotine and caffeine use during pregnancy on infant mental and motor development at eight months . Alcoholism NY 1980;;4:152-164.
18 +
Streissguth AP, Martin DC, Martin JC, et al:  The Seattle Longitudinal Prospective Study on Alcohol and Pregnancy . Neurobehav Toxicol Teratol 1981;;3:223-233.
19 +
Sokol RJ, Miller SI, Reed G:  Alcohol abuse during pregnancy: An epidemiological study . Alcoholism NY 1980;;4:135-145.
20 +
Little RE:  Moderate alcohol use during pregnancy and decreased infant birth weight . Am J Public Health 1977;;67:1154-1156.
21 +
Kline J, Shrout P, Stein Z, et al:  Drinking during pregnancy and spontaneous abortion . Lancet 1980;;2:176-180.
22 +
Landesman-Dwyer S, Ragozin AS, Little RE:  Behavioral correlates of prenatal alcohol exposure: A four year follow-up study . Neurobehav Toxicol Teratol 1981;;3:187-193.
23 +
Martin JC, Martin DC, Lund CA, et al:  Maternal alcohol ingestion and cigarette smoking and their effects on newborn conditioning . Alcoholism Clin Exp Res 1977;;1:243-247.
24 +
Henderson GI, Patwardham RV, Hoyumpa AM Jr, et al:  Fetal alcohol syndrome: Overview of pathogenesis . Neurobehav Toxicol Teratol 1981;;3:73-80.
25 +
Mulvihill JJ, Yeager AM:  Fetal alcohol syndrome: Teratogen update . Teratology 1976;; 13:345-348.
26 +
Flynn A, Miller SI, Martier SS, et al:  Zinc status of pregnant alcoholic women: A determinant of fetal outcome . Lancet 1981;;1:572-575.
27 +
Graham JM, Darby BI, Barr HM, et al:  Long term effects of alcohol consumption during pregnancy . Teratology , in press.
28 +
Christoffel KK, Salafsky I:  Fetal alcohol syndrome in dizygotic twins . J Pediatr 1975;; 87:963-967.
29 +
Erb L, Andersen BD:  The fetal alcohol syndrome (FAS) . Clin Pediatr 1978;;17:644-649.
30 +
Silva VA, Larangeira RR, Dolnikoff M, et al:  Alcohol consumption during pregnancy and newborn outcome: A study in Brazil . Neurobehav Toxicol Teratol 1981;;3:169-172.
31 +
Rosett HL, Weiner L, Edelin KC:  Strategies for prevention of fetal alcohol effects . Obstetrics Gynecol 1981;;57:1-7.
32 +
Russell M:  Intrauterine growth in infants born to women with alcohol-related psychiatric diagnoses . Alcoholism Clin Exp Res 1977;;1:225-231.
33 +
Little RE, Streissguth AP, Barr HM, et al:  Decreased birth weight in infants of alcoholic women who abstained during pregnancy . J Pediatr 1980;;96:974-977.
34 +
Sulik KK, Johnson MC, Webb M:  Fetal alcohol syndrome: Embryogenesis in a mouse model . Science 1981;;214:936-938.
35 +
Clarren SK, Bowden DM:  Fetal alcohol syndrome: A new primate model for binge drinking and its relevance to human ethanol teratogenesis . J Pediatr 1982;;101:819-824.
36 +
Mukherjee AB, Hodgen GD:  Maternal ethanol exposure induces transient impairment of umbilical circulation and fetal hypoxia in monkeys . Science 1982;;218:700-702.
37 +
Little RE, Ervin CH:  Alcohol and reproduction: Research and clinical issues , in Wilsnak SC, Beckman LJ (eds): Alcohol Problems in Women . New York, Guilford Press, 1983;.
38 +
Anderson RA, Furby JE, Oswald C, et al:  Teratological evaluation of mouse fetuses after paternal alcohol ingestion . Neurobehav Toxicol Teratol 1981;;3:117-120.
39 +
Little RE, Grathwohl HL, Streissguth AP, et al:  Public awareness and knowledge about the risks of drinking during pregnancy in Multnomah County, Oregon . Am J Public Health 1981;; 71:312-314.
40 +
Little RE, Streissguth AP, Guzinski GM:  Prevention of fetal alcohol syndrome: A model program . Alcohol Clin Exp Res 1980;;4:185-189.
41 +
Streissguth AP, Darnby BD, Barr HM, et al:  Comparison of drinking and smoking patterns during pregnancy over a six-year period , abstracted. Alcoholism Clin Exp Res 1982;;6:154.
42 +
Blume SB:  Drinking and pregnancy: Preventing fetal alcohol syndrome . NY State J Med 1981;;81:95-98.

Figures

Tables

Interactive Graphics

Video

Country-Specific Mortality and Growth Failure in Infancy and Yound Children and Association With Material Stature

Use interactive graphics and maps to view and sort country-specific infant and early dhildhood mortality and growth failure data and their association with maternal

1 +
 Surgeon General's Advisory on Alcohol and Pregnancy . FDA Drug Bull 1981;;11:1-2.
2 +
Pearse WH, Sammons JH:  Fetal Alcohol Syndrome—an open letter to physicians . AM News , (May 5) , 1978;, p 4.
3 +
Little RE, Graham JM, Samson HH:  Fetal alcohol effects in humans and animals . Adv Alcohol Substance Abuse , in press.
4 +
Streissguth AP:  Moderate drinking during pregnancy and offspring effects . Presented at the Symposium on Moderate Drinking, American Medical Association 33rd Winter Scientific Meeting, San Antonio, Tex, Jan 13, 1980 .
5 +
Ouellette EM, Rosett HL, Rosman NP, et al:  Adverse effects on offspring of maternal alcohol abuse during pregnancy . N Engl J Med 1977;; 297:528-530.
6 +
Jones KL, Smith DW:  Recognition of the fetal alcohol syndrome in early infancy . Lancet 1973;;2:999-1001.
7 +
Streissguth AP, Landesman-Dwyer S, Martin JC, et al:  Teratogenic effects of alcohol in humans and laboratory animals . Science 1980;; 209:353-361.
8 +
Clarren SK, Smith DW:  The fetal alcohol syndrome . N Engl J Med 1978;;298:1063-1067.
9 +
Gonzalez ER:  New ophthalmic findings in fetal alcohol syndrome . JAMA 1981;;245:108.
10 +
Iosub S, Fuchs M, Bingol N, et al:  Fetal alcohol syndrome revisited . Pediatrics 1981;; 68:475-479.
11 +
Streissguth AP:  Fetal alcohol syndrome: An epidemiological perspective . Am J Epidemiol 1978;;107:467-478.
12 +
Kaminski M, Franc M, Lebouvier M, et al:  Moderate alcohol use and pregnancy outcome . Neurobehav Toxicol Teratol 1981;;3:173-181.
13 +
Harlap S, Shiono PH:  Alcohol, smoking and incidence of spontaneous abortion in the first and second trimesters . Lancet 1980;;2:173-176.
14 +
Sander LW, Snyder PA, Rosett HL, et al:  Effects of alcohol intake during pregnancy on newborn state regulation: A progress report . Alcoholism Clin Exp Res 1977;;1:233-241.
15 +
Rosett HL, Weiner L:  Identifying and treating pregnant patients at risk from alcohol . Can Med Assoc J 1981;;125:149-154.
16 +
Hanson JW, Streissguth AP, Smith DW:  The effects of moderate alcohol consumption during pregnancy on fetal growth and morphogenesis . J Pediatr 1978;;92:457-460.
17 +
Streissguth AP, Barr HM, Martin DC, et al:  Effects of maternal alcohol, nicotine and caffeine use during pregnancy on infant mental and motor development at eight months . Alcoholism NY 1980;;4:152-164.
18 +
Streissguth AP, Martin DC, Martin JC, et al:  The Seattle Longitudinal Prospective Study on Alcohol and Pregnancy . Neurobehav Toxicol Teratol 1981;;3:223-233.
19 +
Sokol RJ, Miller SI, Reed G:  Alcohol abuse during pregnancy: An epidemiological study . Alcoholism NY 1980;;4:135-145.
20 +
Little RE:  Moderate alcohol use during pregnancy and decreased infant birth weight . Am J Public Health 1977;;67:1154-1156.
21 +
Kline J, Shrout P, Stein Z, et al:  Drinking during pregnancy and spontaneous abortion . Lancet 1980;;2:176-180.
22 +
Landesman-Dwyer S, Ragozin AS, Little RE:  Behavioral correlates of prenatal alcohol exposure: A four year follow-up study . Neurobehav Toxicol Teratol 1981;;3:187-193.
23 +
Martin JC, Martin DC, Lund CA, et al:  Maternal alcohol ingestion and cigarette smoking and their effects on newborn conditioning . Alcoholism Clin Exp Res 1977;;1:243-247.
24 +
Henderson GI, Patwardham RV, Hoyumpa AM Jr, et al:  Fetal alcohol syndrome: Overview of pathogenesis . Neurobehav Toxicol Teratol 1981;;3:73-80.
25 +
Mulvihill JJ, Yeager AM:  Fetal alcohol syndrome: Teratogen update . Teratology 1976;; 13:345-348.
26 +
Flynn A, Miller SI, Martier SS, et al:  Zinc status of pregnant alcoholic women: A determinant of fetal outcome . Lancet 1981;;1:572-575.
27 +
Graham JM, Darby BI, Barr HM, et al:  Long term effects of alcohol consumption during pregnancy . Teratology , in press.
28 +
Christoffel KK, Salafsky I:  Fetal alcohol syndrome in dizygotic twins . J Pediatr 1975;; 87:963-967.
29 +
Erb L, Andersen BD:  The fetal alcohol syndrome (FAS) . Clin Pediatr 1978;;17:644-649.
30 +
Silva VA, Larangeira RR, Dolnikoff M, et al:  Alcohol consumption during pregnancy and newborn outcome: A study in Brazil . Neurobehav Toxicol Teratol 1981;;3:169-172.
31 +
Rosett HL, Weiner L, Edelin KC:  Strategies for prevention of fetal alcohol effects . Obstetrics Gynecol 1981;;57:1-7.
32 +
Russell M:  Intrauterine growth in infants born to women with alcohol-related psychiatric diagnoses . Alcoholism Clin Exp Res 1977;;1:225-231.
33 +
Little RE, Streissguth AP, Barr HM, et al:  Decreased birth weight in infants of alcoholic women who abstained during pregnancy . J Pediatr 1980;;96:974-977.
34 +
Sulik KK, Johnson MC, Webb M:  Fetal alcohol syndrome: Embryogenesis in a mouse model . Science 1981;;214:936-938.
35 +
Clarren SK, Bowden DM:  Fetal alcohol syndrome: A new primate model for binge drinking and its relevance to human ethanol teratogenesis . J Pediatr 1982;;101:819-824.
36 +
Mukherjee AB, Hodgen GD:  Maternal ethanol exposure induces transient impairment of umbilical circulation and fetal hypoxia in monkeys . Science 1982;;218:700-702.
37 +
Little RE, Ervin CH:  Alcohol and reproduction: Research and clinical issues , in Wilsnak SC, Beckman LJ (eds): Alcohol Problems in Women . New York, Guilford Press, 1983;.
38 +
Anderson RA, Furby JE, Oswald C, et al:  Teratological evaluation of mouse fetuses after paternal alcohol ingestion . Neurobehav Toxicol Teratol 1981;;3:117-120.
39 +
Little RE, Grathwohl HL, Streissguth AP, et al:  Public awareness and knowledge about the risks of drinking during pregnancy in Multnomah County, Oregon . Am J Public Health 1981;; 71:312-314.
40 +
Little RE, Streissguth AP, Guzinski GM:  Prevention of fetal alcohol syndrome: A model program . Alcohol Clin Exp Res 1980;;4:185-189.
41 +
Streissguth AP, Darnby BD, Barr HM, et al:  Comparison of drinking and smoking patterns during pregnancy over a six-year period , abstracted. Alcoholism Clin Exp Res 1982;;6:154.
42 +
Blume SB:  Drinking and pregnancy: Preventing fetal alcohol syndrome . NY State J Med 1981;;81:95-98.

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