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April 22, 1983, Vol 249, No. 16 >
ARTICLE | April 22, 1983

Oral Contraceptive Use and the Occurrence of Pituitary Prolactinoma FREE

Kirkwood K. Shy, MD, MPH; Anne M. McTiernan, PhD; Janet R. Daling, PhD; Noel S. Weiss, MD, DPH
[+] Author Affiliations

Presented in part before the Society for Gynecologic Investigation, Dallas, March 26, 1982. Reprint requests to Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, RH-20, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195 (Dr Shy).


JAMA. 1983;249(16):2204-2207. doi:10.1001/jama.1983.03330400050024
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References

To determine whether prior oral contraceptive (OC) use is a risk factor for pituitary prolactinoma, we attempted to identify all women (n=72) with a prolactinoma diagnosed between 1976 and 1980 in three counties in western Washington. A control group of 303 women was selected by dialing random telephone numbers from the same counties. Prior OC use, according to OC indication, was ascertained during a standardized telephone interview. Relative to the risk for women who had never used an OC, the risk of prolactinoma for women who had used OCs for birth control was 1.3 (95% confidence interval, 0.7 to 2.6). This risk was 7.7 for women who used OCs for menstrual regulation (95% confidence interval, 3.7 to 17.0). Previous findings of an association between OC use and prolactinoma may have resulted from OC treatment of menstrual irregularity in women with an undiagnosed prolactinoma.

(JAMA 1983;249:2204-2207)

REFERENCES

1 +
Vaisrub S:  Pituitary prolactinoma and estrogen contraceptives . JAMA 1979;;242:177-178.
2 +
Schoenberg BS, Christine BW, Whisnant JP:  The descriptive epidemiology of primary intracranial neoplasms: The Connecticut experience . Am J Epidemiol 1976;;104:499-510.
3 +
Annegers JF, Coulam CB, Abboud CF, et al:  Pituitary adenoma in Olmsted County, Minnesota, 1935-1977 . Mayo Clin Proc 1978;;53:641-643.
4 +
Reichlin S:  Etiology of pituitary adenomas , in Post KD, Jackson IM, Reichman S (eds): The Pituitary Adenoma . New York, Plenum Press, 1980;, pp 29-45.
5 +
Tolis G:  Galactorrhea-amenorrhea and hyperprolactinemia: Pathophysiological aspects and diagnostic tests . Clin Endocrinol 1977;;6:81s-89s.
6 +
Sherman BM, Schlechte J, Halmi NS, et al:  Pathogenesis of prolactin-secreting pituitary adenomas . Lancet 1978;;2:1019-1021.
7 +
Furth J, Clifton KH:  Experimental pituitary tumors , in Harris GW, Donovan BT (eds): The Pituitary Gland . Washington, DC, Butterworth Inc, 1966;, pp 460-497.
8 +
Heshmat MY, Kovi J, Simpson C, et al:  Neoplasms of the central nervous system . Cancer 1976;;38:2135-2142.
9 +
Mantel N, Haenszel W:  Statistical aspects of the analysis of data from retrospective studies of disease . JNCI 1959;;22:719-748.
10 +
Miettinen 0:  Estimability and estimation in case-referent studies . Am J Epidemiol 1976;; 103:226-235.
11 +
Coulman CB, Annegers JF, Abboud CF, et al:  Pituitary adenoma and oral contraceptives: A case-control study . Fertil Steril 1979;;31:25-28.
12 +
Wingrave SJ, Kay CR, Vessery MP:  Oral contraceptives and pituitary adenomas . Br Med J 1980;;1:685-686.
13 +
Hatcher RA, Stewart GK, Guest F, et al: Contraceptive Technology 1976-1977 , ed 8. New York, Irvington Publishers Inc, 1976;, p 56.
14 +
March CM, Kletzky OA, Davajan V, et al:  Longitudinal evaluation of patients with untreated prolactin-secreting pituitary adenomas . Am J Obstet Gynecol 1981;;139:835-844.
15 +
Burrow GN, Wortzman G, Rewcastle NB, et al:  Microadenomas of the pituitary and abnormal sellar tomograms in an unselected autopsy series . N Engl J Med 1981;;304:156-158.
16 +
White MC, Anapliotou M, Rosenstock J, et al:  Heterogeneity of prolactin responses to oestradiol benzoate in women with prolactinomas . Lancet 1981;;1:1394-1396.
17 +
Coulam CB, Annegers JF, Kranz JS:  The association between pituitary adenomas and chronic anovulation syndrome . Am J Obstet Gynecol 1982;;143:319-324.
18 +
Ortega JV, Longridge NS:  Fracture of the sella turcica . Injury 1974;;6:335-337.
19 +
Crompton MR:  Hypothalamic lesions following closed head injury . Brain 1971;;94:165-172.

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1 +
Vaisrub S:  Pituitary prolactinoma and estrogen contraceptives . JAMA 1979;;242:177-178.
2 +
Schoenberg BS, Christine BW, Whisnant JP:  The descriptive epidemiology of primary intracranial neoplasms: The Connecticut experience . Am J Epidemiol 1976;;104:499-510.
3 +
Annegers JF, Coulam CB, Abboud CF, et al:  Pituitary adenoma in Olmsted County, Minnesota, 1935-1977 . Mayo Clin Proc 1978;;53:641-643.
4 +
Reichlin S:  Etiology of pituitary adenomas , in Post KD, Jackson IM, Reichman S (eds): The Pituitary Adenoma . New York, Plenum Press, 1980;, pp 29-45.
5 +
Tolis G:  Galactorrhea-amenorrhea and hyperprolactinemia: Pathophysiological aspects and diagnostic tests . Clin Endocrinol 1977;;6:81s-89s.
6 +
Sherman BM, Schlechte J, Halmi NS, et al:  Pathogenesis of prolactin-secreting pituitary adenomas . Lancet 1978;;2:1019-1021.
7 +
Furth J, Clifton KH:  Experimental pituitary tumors , in Harris GW, Donovan BT (eds): The Pituitary Gland . Washington, DC, Butterworth Inc, 1966;, pp 460-497.
8 +
Heshmat MY, Kovi J, Simpson C, et al:  Neoplasms of the central nervous system . Cancer 1976;;38:2135-2142.
9 +
Mantel N, Haenszel W:  Statistical aspects of the analysis of data from retrospective studies of disease . JNCI 1959;;22:719-748.
10 +
Miettinen 0:  Estimability and estimation in case-referent studies . Am J Epidemiol 1976;; 103:226-235.
11 +
Coulman CB, Annegers JF, Abboud CF, et al:  Pituitary adenoma and oral contraceptives: A case-control study . Fertil Steril 1979;;31:25-28.
12 +
Wingrave SJ, Kay CR, Vessery MP:  Oral contraceptives and pituitary adenomas . Br Med J 1980;;1:685-686.
13 +
Hatcher RA, Stewart GK, Guest F, et al: Contraceptive Technology 1976-1977 , ed 8. New York, Irvington Publishers Inc, 1976;, p 56.
14 +
March CM, Kletzky OA, Davajan V, et al:  Longitudinal evaluation of patients with untreated prolactin-secreting pituitary adenomas . Am J Obstet Gynecol 1981;;139:835-844.
15 +
Burrow GN, Wortzman G, Rewcastle NB, et al:  Microadenomas of the pituitary and abnormal sellar tomograms in an unselected autopsy series . N Engl J Med 1981;;304:156-158.
16 +
White MC, Anapliotou M, Rosenstock J, et al:  Heterogeneity of prolactin responses to oestradiol benzoate in women with prolactinomas . Lancet 1981;;1:1394-1396.
17 +
Coulam CB, Annegers JF, Kranz JS:  The association between pituitary adenomas and chronic anovulation syndrome . Am J Obstet Gynecol 1982;;143:319-324.
18 +
Ortega JV, Longridge NS:  Fracture of the sella turcica . Injury 1974;;6:335-337.
19 +
Crompton MR:  Hypothalamic lesions following closed head injury . Brain 1971;;94:165-172.

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