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November 26, 1982, Vol 248, No. 20 >
ARTICLE | November 26, 1982

Immunotherapy-Immunomodulation FREE

Roy Patterson, MD; Philip Norman, MD; Thomas Van Metre, MD
JAMA. 1982;248(20):2759-2772. doi:10.1001/jama.1982.03330200183030
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References

IMMUNOTHERAPY has been carried out since the days of Pasteur and Jenner (Fig 21-1). Its development constitutes one of the most successful chapters in medical history. The virtual elimination of a wide variety of diseases as the result of antibacterial or antitoxic antibodies is well appreciated. The more recent development of immunization regimens that are specific for viruses, epitomized by the virtual elimination of polio, represents ongoing research of the greatest import to the nation's public health. Although immunizations for bacterial diseases such as pneumococcal pneumonia lapsed with the introduction of penicillin and the other antibiotics, there is a resurgence of interest in this area. Persons whose immune status is compromised, such as patients with sickle cell anemia, respond poorly to pneumococcal infections, even when treated with antibiotics. Field trials suggest that antibodies developed against specific pneumococcal polysaccharides are useful in such persons, and we have just witnessed the marketing

REFERENCES

1 +
Aas K:  Hyposensitization in housedust allergy asthma . Acta Paediatr Scand 1971;;60:264-268.
2 +
Golbert TM:  A review of controversial diagnostic and therapeutic techniques employed in allergy . J Allergy Clin Immunol 1975;;56:170-190.
3 +
Lichtenstein LM, Ishizaka K, Norman PS, et al:  IgE antibody measurements in ragweed hay fever: Relationship to clinical severity and the results of immunotherapy . J Clin Invest 1973;; 52:472-482.
4 +
Lichtenstein LM, Norman PS, Winkenwerder WL:  A single year of immunotherapy for ragweed hay fever: Immunologic and clinical studies . Ann Intern Med 1971;;75:663-671.
5 +
Lowell F, Franklin W:  A double blind study of the effectiveness and specificity of injection therapy in ragweed hay fever . N Engl J Med 1965;;273:675-679.
6 +
Lowell F, Franklin W:  `Double blind' study of treatment with aqueous allergenic extracts in cases of allergic rhinitis . J Allergy 1963;;34:165-182.
7 +
Norman PS:  An overview of immunotherapy: Implications for the future . J Allergy Clin Immunol 1980;;65:87-96.
8 +
Patterson R, Lieberman P, Irons JS, et al:  Immunotherapy , in Middleton E, Reed CE, Ellis EF (eds): Allergy: Principles and Practice , St Louis, CV Mosby Co, 1978;, p 877-898.
9 +
Pence HL, Mitchell DQ, Greely RL, et al:  Immunotherapy for mountain cedar pollinosis . J Allergy Clin Immunol 1976;;58:39-50.
10 +
Van Metre TE Jr, Adkinson NF, Lichtenstein LM, et al:  A controlled study of the effectiveness of the Rinkel method of immunotherapy for ragweed pollen hay fever . J Allergy Clin Immunol 1980;;65:288-297.
11 +
Zeiger RS, Schatz M:  Immunotherapy of atopic disorders . Med Clin North Am 1981;;65:987-1012.
12 +
Allison AC:  Recent developments in adjuvant research . J Reticuloendothel Soc 1979;;26:619-630.
13 +
Branda R, Moldow CF, McCullough JJ, et al:  Plasma exchange in the treatment of immune disease . Transfusion 1975;;15:570-576.
14 +
Burger DR, Vandenbark AA, Finke P, et al:  De novo appearance of KLH transfer factor following immunization . Cell Immunol 1977;;29:410-413.
15 +
Burger DR, Wampler PA, Vandenbark AA, et al:  A structural model for human transfer factor suggested by enzymatic susceptibilities , in Kahn A, Kirkpatrick CH, Hill NO (eds): Immune Regulators in Transfer Factor . New York, Academic Press Inc, 1979;, p 377.
16 +
Cohen SN:  Immunization , in Fudenberg H, Stites D, Caldwell J, et al (eds): Basic and Clinical Immunology . Los Altos, Calif, Lange Medical Publications, 1980;, pp 708-721.
17 +
Fulginiti VA:  Immunization , in Bierman W, Pearlman D (eds): Allergic Diseases of Infancy , Childhood, and Adolescents. Philadelphia, WB Saunders Co, 1980;, p 42.
18 +
Goldstein A, Cohen GH, Rossio JL, et al:  Use of thymosin in the treatment of primary immunodeficiency diseases and cancer . Med Clin North Am 1976;;60:591-606.
19 +
Kirkpatrick CH:  Transfer factor , in Bastsakis J, Savory J (eds): Critical Reviews in Clinical Laboratory Science . West Palm Beach, Fla, 1980;, CRC Press, p 87.
20 +
Kirkpatrick CH, Rich RR, Smith TK:  Effects of transfer factor on lymphocyte function in anergic patients . J Clin Invest 1972;;51:2948-2950.
21 +
Levin AS, Byers VS, Fudenberg HH, et al:  Osteogenic sarcoma: Immunologic parameters before and during immunotherapy with tumor specific transfer factor . J Clin Invest 1975;; 55:487-499.
22 +
Merigan TC, Sikora K, Breeden JH, et al:  Preliminary observations on the effect of human leukocyte interferon in non-Hodgkins lymphoma . N Engl J Med 1978;;299:1449-1453.
23 +
Moran C, Darry HF, Mowbray J, et al:  Plasmapheresis in systemic lupus erythematosus . Br Med J 1977;;1:1573-1574.
24 +
Oettgen H, Pinsky CM, Delmonte L:  Treatment of cancer with immunomodulators . Med Clin North Am 1976;;60:511-537.
25 +
Report of the Committee on Infectious Diseases , ed 18. American Academy of Pediatrics, 1977;.
26 +
Robbins JB, Hill JC (eds):  Current status and prospects for improved and new bacterial vaccines . J Infect Dis 1977;;136( (suppl) ):253-256.
27 +
Schlansky R, DeHoratius RJ, Pincus T, et al:  Plasmapheresis in systemic lupus erythematosus: A cautionary note . Arthritis Rheum 1981;; 24:49-53.
28 +
Spitler LE, Levin AS, Stites DP, et al:  The Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome: Results of transfer factor therapy . J Clin Invest 1972;;52:3216.
29 +
Steele RW, Myers MG, Vincent MM:  Transfer factor for the prevention of varicella zoster infection in childhood leukemia . N Engl J Med 1980;;303:355-359.
30 +
Voller A, Friedman H (eds): New Trends and Developments in Vaccines . University Park Press, 1978;.
31 +
Wallace D, Goldfinger D, Gatti R, et al:  Plasmapheresis and lymphoplasmapheresis in the management of rheumatoid arthritis . Arthritis Rheum 1979;;22:703-710.
32 +
Wilson GB, Fudenberg HH, Bahm VJ:  Distinct components in dialyzable leukocyte extracts (DLE) have specific and nonspecific effects on cellular immunity as shown by leukocyte migration inhibition . Trans Assoc Am Phys 1978;; 92:294-332.

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Country-Specific Mortality and Growth Failure in Infancy and Yound Children and Association With Material Stature

Use interactive graphics and maps to view and sort country-specific infant and early dhildhood mortality and growth failure data and their association with maternal

1 +
Aas K:  Hyposensitization in housedust allergy asthma . Acta Paediatr Scand 1971;;60:264-268.
2 +
Golbert TM:  A review of controversial diagnostic and therapeutic techniques employed in allergy . J Allergy Clin Immunol 1975;;56:170-190.
3 +
Lichtenstein LM, Ishizaka K, Norman PS, et al:  IgE antibody measurements in ragweed hay fever: Relationship to clinical severity and the results of immunotherapy . J Clin Invest 1973;; 52:472-482.
4 +
Lichtenstein LM, Norman PS, Winkenwerder WL:  A single year of immunotherapy for ragweed hay fever: Immunologic and clinical studies . Ann Intern Med 1971;;75:663-671.
5 +
Lowell F, Franklin W:  A double blind study of the effectiveness and specificity of injection therapy in ragweed hay fever . N Engl J Med 1965;;273:675-679.
6 +
Lowell F, Franklin W:  `Double blind' study of treatment with aqueous allergenic extracts in cases of allergic rhinitis . J Allergy 1963;;34:165-182.
7 +
Norman PS:  An overview of immunotherapy: Implications for the future . J Allergy Clin Immunol 1980;;65:87-96.
8 +
Patterson R, Lieberman P, Irons JS, et al:  Immunotherapy , in Middleton E, Reed CE, Ellis EF (eds): Allergy: Principles and Practice , St Louis, CV Mosby Co, 1978;, p 877-898.
9 +
Pence HL, Mitchell DQ, Greely RL, et al:  Immunotherapy for mountain cedar pollinosis . J Allergy Clin Immunol 1976;;58:39-50.
10 +
Van Metre TE Jr, Adkinson NF, Lichtenstein LM, et al:  A controlled study of the effectiveness of the Rinkel method of immunotherapy for ragweed pollen hay fever . J Allergy Clin Immunol 1980;;65:288-297.
11 +
Zeiger RS, Schatz M:  Immunotherapy of atopic disorders . Med Clin North Am 1981;;65:987-1012.
12 +
Allison AC:  Recent developments in adjuvant research . J Reticuloendothel Soc 1979;;26:619-630.
13 +
Branda R, Moldow CF, McCullough JJ, et al:  Plasma exchange in the treatment of immune disease . Transfusion 1975;;15:570-576.
14 +
Burger DR, Vandenbark AA, Finke P, et al:  De novo appearance of KLH transfer factor following immunization . Cell Immunol 1977;;29:410-413.
15 +
Burger DR, Wampler PA, Vandenbark AA, et al:  A structural model for human transfer factor suggested by enzymatic susceptibilities , in Kahn A, Kirkpatrick CH, Hill NO (eds): Immune Regulators in Transfer Factor . New York, Academic Press Inc, 1979;, p 377.
16 +
Cohen SN:  Immunization , in Fudenberg H, Stites D, Caldwell J, et al (eds): Basic and Clinical Immunology . Los Altos, Calif, Lange Medical Publications, 1980;, pp 708-721.
17 +
Fulginiti VA:  Immunization , in Bierman W, Pearlman D (eds): Allergic Diseases of Infancy , Childhood, and Adolescents. Philadelphia, WB Saunders Co, 1980;, p 42.
18 +
Goldstein A, Cohen GH, Rossio JL, et al:  Use of thymosin in the treatment of primary immunodeficiency diseases and cancer . Med Clin North Am 1976;;60:591-606.
19 +
Kirkpatrick CH:  Transfer factor , in Bastsakis J, Savory J (eds): Critical Reviews in Clinical Laboratory Science . West Palm Beach, Fla, 1980;, CRC Press, p 87.
20 +
Kirkpatrick CH, Rich RR, Smith TK:  Effects of transfer factor on lymphocyte function in anergic patients . J Clin Invest 1972;;51:2948-2950.
21 +
Levin AS, Byers VS, Fudenberg HH, et al:  Osteogenic sarcoma: Immunologic parameters before and during immunotherapy with tumor specific transfer factor . J Clin Invest 1975;; 55:487-499.
22 +
Merigan TC, Sikora K, Breeden JH, et al:  Preliminary observations on the effect of human leukocyte interferon in non-Hodgkins lymphoma . N Engl J Med 1978;;299:1449-1453.
23 +
Moran C, Darry HF, Mowbray J, et al:  Plasmapheresis in systemic lupus erythematosus . Br Med J 1977;;1:1573-1574.
24 +
Oettgen H, Pinsky CM, Delmonte L:  Treatment of cancer with immunomodulators . Med Clin North Am 1976;;60:511-537.
25 +
Report of the Committee on Infectious Diseases , ed 18. American Academy of Pediatrics, 1977;.
26 +
Robbins JB, Hill JC (eds):  Current status and prospects for improved and new bacterial vaccines . J Infect Dis 1977;;136( (suppl) ):253-256.
27 +
Schlansky R, DeHoratius RJ, Pincus T, et al:  Plasmapheresis in systemic lupus erythematosus: A cautionary note . Arthritis Rheum 1981;; 24:49-53.
28 +
Spitler LE, Levin AS, Stites DP, et al:  The Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome: Results of transfer factor therapy . J Clin Invest 1972;;52:3216.
29 +
Steele RW, Myers MG, Vincent MM:  Transfer factor for the prevention of varicella zoster infection in childhood leukemia . N Engl J Med 1980;;303:355-359.
30 +
Voller A, Friedman H (eds): New Trends and Developments in Vaccines . University Park Press, 1978;.
31 +
Wallace D, Goldfinger D, Gatti R, et al:  Plasmapheresis and lymphoplasmapheresis in the management of rheumatoid arthritis . Arthritis Rheum 1979;;22:703-710.
32 +
Wilson GB, Fudenberg HH, Bahm VJ:  Distinct components in dialyzable leukocyte extracts (DLE) have specific and nonspecific effects on cellular immunity as shown by leukocyte migration inhibition . Trans Assoc Am Phys 1978;; 92:294-332.

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