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December 17, 1982, Vol 248, No. 23 >
ARTICLE | December 17, 1982

Monoclonal Antibodies FREE

Betty Diamond, MD; Matthew D. Scharff, MD
[+] Author Affiliations

Reprint requests to the Department of Cell Biology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, 1300 Morris Park Ave, Bronx, NY 10461 (Dr Scharff).


JAMA. 1982;248(23):3165-3169. doi:10.1001/jama.1982.03330230065038
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References

Problems With Conventional Antisera  The immune response plays an important role in man's resistance to infectious agents and has evolved to protect us from the many pathogens in our environment. The antibodies that are generated in response to foreign substances can also provide effective reagents for diagnosing and treating many diseases. However, since the natural role of such antibodies is to protect us from invading organisms, a major characteristic of the immune response is its heterogeneity, with many different antibodies being made in response to each antigen. This has complicated the use of antibodies as diagnostic reagents and therapeutic tools because most immune sera, whether raised in animals or man, are a mixture of hundreds to thousands of antibodies that differ from each other in their affinity and specificity. They also differ in their ability to carry out effector functions, such as the binding to macrophages, the fixation of complement,

REFERENCES

1 +
Kohler G, Milstein C:  Continuous cultures of fused cells secreting antibody of predefined specificity . Nature 1975;;256:495-497.
2 +
Yelton DE, Scharff MD:  Antibodies: A powerful new tool in biology and medicine . Ann Rev Biochem 1981;;50:657-680.
3 +
Pierce SK, Klinman NR:  Allogeneic carrier-specific enhancement of hapten specific secondary B cell responses . J Exp Med 1976;;144:1254-1262.
4 +
Kenny PA, McCaskill AC, Boyle W:  Enrichment and expansion of specific antibody forming cells by adoptive transfer and clustering and their use in hybridoma production . Aust J Biol Med 1981;;59:427-437.
5 +
Fox PC, Bernstein EH, Siraganian RP:  Enhancing the frequency of antigen-specific hybridomas . Eur J Immunol 1981;;11:431-434.
6 +
Luben RA, Mohler MA:  In vitro immunization as an adjunct to the production of hybridomas producing antibodies against lymphokine osteoclast activating factor . Mol Immunol 1980;;17:635-679.
7 +
Sakato N, Eisen HN:  Antibodies to idiotypes of isologous immunoglobulins . J Exp Med 1975;;141:1411-1425.
8 +
Levy R, Dilley J:  Rescue of immunoglobulin secretion from human neoplastic lymphoid cells by somatic hybridization . Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 1978;;75:2411-2415.
9 +
Olsson L, Kaplan HS:  Human-human hybridomas producing monoclonal antibodies of predefined antigenic specificity . Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 1980;;77:5429-5431.
10 +
Croce CM, Linnenbach A, Hall W, et al:  Production of human hybridomas secreting antibodies to measles virus . Nature 1980;;288:488-489.
11 +
Pickering JW, Gelder FB:  A human myeloma cell line that does not express immunoglobulin but yields a high frequency of antibody-secreting hybridomas . J Immunol 1982;;129:406-412.
12 +
Lane HC, Shelhamer JH, Mostowski HS, et al:  Human monoclonal anti-keyhole limpet hemocyanin antibody-secreting hybridoma produced from peripheral blood B lymphocytes of a keyhole impet hemocyaninimmune individual . J Exp Med 1982;;155:333-338.
13 +
Steinetz M, Klein G, Koskimies S, Makela O:  EB virus-induced B lymphocyte cell lines producing specific antibody . Nature 1977;;269:420-422.
14 +
Morrison SL, Scharff MD:  Mutational events in mouse myeloma . CRC Crit Rev Immunol 1981;;3:1-22.
15 +
Yelton DE, Scharff MD:  Mutant monoclonal antibodies with alterations in biological functions . J Exp Med 1982;;156:1131-1148.
16 +
Wiktor TJ, Koprowski H:  Antigenic variants of rabies virus . J Exp Med 1980;;152:99-112.
17 +
Birrer MJ, Bloom BR, Udem S:  Characterization of measles polypeptides by monoclonal antibodies . Virology 1981;;108:381-390.
18 +
Albino AP, Lloyd KO, Houghton AN, et al:  Heterogeneity in surface antigen and glycoprotein expression of cell lines derived from different melanoma metastases of the same patient . J Exp Med 1981;;154:1764-1778.
19 +
Ballou B, Levine G, Hakala TR, Solter D:  Tumor location detected with radioactively labelled monoclonal antibody and external scintigraphy . Science 1979;;206:844-846.
20 +
Ritz J, Schlossman SF:  Review: Utilization of monoclonal antibodies in the treatment of leukemia and lymphoma . Blood 1982;;59:1-11.
21 +
Miller RA, Maloney DG, McKillop J, et al:  In vivo effects of murine hybridoma monoclonal antibody in a patient with T cell leukemia . Blood 1981;;58:78-86.
22 +
Gilliland DG, Steplewski F, Collier RJ, et al:  Antibody-directed cytotoxic agents: Use of monoclonal antibody to direct the action of toxin A chains to colorectal cells . Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 1980;;77:4539-4543.
23 +
Krolick KA, Villemez C, Izakson P, et al:  Selective killing of normal or neoplastic B cells by antibodies coupled to A chain of ricin . Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 1980;;77:5419-5423.
24 +
Reinherz EL, Schlossman SF:  The differentiation and function of human T lymphocytes: A review . Cell 1980;;19:821-827.
25 +
Andrezejewski C Jr, Rauch J, Lafer E, et al:  Antigen binding diversity and idiotypic cross-reactions among hybridoma autoantibodies to DNA . J Immunol 1981;;126:226-231.
26 +
Schoenfeld Y, Hsu-Lin SC, Gabriels JE, et al:  Production of autoantibodies by human-human hybridomas . J Clin Invest 1982;;70:205-208.
27 +
Kunkel HG, Agnello V, Joslin FG, et al:  Cross-idiotypic specificity among monoclonal IgM proteins with anti-γ-globulin activity . J Exp Med 1973;;137:331-342.

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Country-Specific Mortality and Growth Failure in Infancy and Yound Children and Association With Material Stature

Use interactive graphics and maps to view and sort country-specific infant and early dhildhood mortality and growth failure data and their association with maternal

1 +
Kohler G, Milstein C:  Continuous cultures of fused cells secreting antibody of predefined specificity . Nature 1975;;256:495-497.
2 +
Yelton DE, Scharff MD:  Antibodies: A powerful new tool in biology and medicine . Ann Rev Biochem 1981;;50:657-680.
3 +
Pierce SK, Klinman NR:  Allogeneic carrier-specific enhancement of hapten specific secondary B cell responses . J Exp Med 1976;;144:1254-1262.
4 +
Kenny PA, McCaskill AC, Boyle W:  Enrichment and expansion of specific antibody forming cells by adoptive transfer and clustering and their use in hybridoma production . Aust J Biol Med 1981;;59:427-437.
5 +
Fox PC, Bernstein EH, Siraganian RP:  Enhancing the frequency of antigen-specific hybridomas . Eur J Immunol 1981;;11:431-434.
6 +
Luben RA, Mohler MA:  In vitro immunization as an adjunct to the production of hybridomas producing antibodies against lymphokine osteoclast activating factor . Mol Immunol 1980;;17:635-679.
7 +
Sakato N, Eisen HN:  Antibodies to idiotypes of isologous immunoglobulins . J Exp Med 1975;;141:1411-1425.
8 +
Levy R, Dilley J:  Rescue of immunoglobulin secretion from human neoplastic lymphoid cells by somatic hybridization . Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 1978;;75:2411-2415.
9 +
Olsson L, Kaplan HS:  Human-human hybridomas producing monoclonal antibodies of predefined antigenic specificity . Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 1980;;77:5429-5431.
10 +
Croce CM, Linnenbach A, Hall W, et al:  Production of human hybridomas secreting antibodies to measles virus . Nature 1980;;288:488-489.
11 +
Pickering JW, Gelder FB:  A human myeloma cell line that does not express immunoglobulin but yields a high frequency of antibody-secreting hybridomas . J Immunol 1982;;129:406-412.
12 +
Lane HC, Shelhamer JH, Mostowski HS, et al:  Human monoclonal anti-keyhole limpet hemocyanin antibody-secreting hybridoma produced from peripheral blood B lymphocytes of a keyhole impet hemocyaninimmune individual . J Exp Med 1982;;155:333-338.
13 +
Steinetz M, Klein G, Koskimies S, Makela O:  EB virus-induced B lymphocyte cell lines producing specific antibody . Nature 1977;;269:420-422.
14 +
Morrison SL, Scharff MD:  Mutational events in mouse myeloma . CRC Crit Rev Immunol 1981;;3:1-22.
15 +
Yelton DE, Scharff MD:  Mutant monoclonal antibodies with alterations in biological functions . J Exp Med 1982;;156:1131-1148.
16 +
Wiktor TJ, Koprowski H:  Antigenic variants of rabies virus . J Exp Med 1980;;152:99-112.
17 +
Birrer MJ, Bloom BR, Udem S:  Characterization of measles polypeptides by monoclonal antibodies . Virology 1981;;108:381-390.
18 +
Albino AP, Lloyd KO, Houghton AN, et al:  Heterogeneity in surface antigen and glycoprotein expression of cell lines derived from different melanoma metastases of the same patient . J Exp Med 1981;;154:1764-1778.
19 +
Ballou B, Levine G, Hakala TR, Solter D:  Tumor location detected with radioactively labelled monoclonal antibody and external scintigraphy . Science 1979;;206:844-846.
20 +
Ritz J, Schlossman SF:  Review: Utilization of monoclonal antibodies in the treatment of leukemia and lymphoma . Blood 1982;;59:1-11.
21 +
Miller RA, Maloney DG, McKillop J, et al:  In vivo effects of murine hybridoma monoclonal antibody in a patient with T cell leukemia . Blood 1981;;58:78-86.
22 +
Gilliland DG, Steplewski F, Collier RJ, et al:  Antibody-directed cytotoxic agents: Use of monoclonal antibody to direct the action of toxin A chains to colorectal cells . Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 1980;;77:4539-4543.
23 +
Krolick KA, Villemez C, Izakson P, et al:  Selective killing of normal or neoplastic B cells by antibodies coupled to A chain of ricin . Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 1980;;77:5419-5423.
24 +
Reinherz EL, Schlossman SF:  The differentiation and function of human T lymphocytes: A review . Cell 1980;;19:821-827.
25 +
Andrezejewski C Jr, Rauch J, Lafer E, et al:  Antigen binding diversity and idiotypic cross-reactions among hybridoma autoantibodies to DNA . J Immunol 1981;;126:226-231.
26 +
Schoenfeld Y, Hsu-Lin SC, Gabriels JE, et al:  Production of autoantibodies by human-human hybridomas . J Clin Invest 1982;;70:205-208.
27 +
Kunkel HG, Agnello V, Joslin FG, et al:  Cross-idiotypic specificity among monoclonal IgM proteins with anti-γ-globulin activity . J Exp Med 1973;;137:331-342.

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