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November 26, 1982, Vol 248, No. 20 >
ARTICLE | November 26, 1982

Immunologic Aspects of Neurological and Neuromuscular Diseases FREE

Jordan N. Fink, MD; Barry G. W. Arnason, MD
JAMA. 1982;248(20):2710-2715. doi:10.1001/jama.1982.03330200134025
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References

IDIOPATHIC POLYNEURITIS (GUILLAIN-BARRÉ SYNDROME) 

Clinical Features  THIS DISEASE is pathologically characterized by cellular infiltration of the peripheral nervous system with lymphocytes and macrophages and by destruction of myelin (Fig 16-1). It is clinically characterized by subacute onset of weakness ranging from slight ataxia to total paralysis of motor and, occasionally, cranial nerves. Although subacute in nature, the disease may reach its peak of activity within 24 hours in some cases or smoulder at moderate intensity for two to three weeks. Proximal weakness usually occurs before distal weakness, and there is a tendency to symmetrical involvement. The seventh cranial nerve is almost universally affected. Tendon reflexes are usually abolished; sensory loss is variable and may be absent. Autonomic function may also be compromised, and many patients may have marked fluctuations in BP and cardiac arrhythmias that can cause death. Diagnostic criteria have been established for the disease. (See Asbury et al,

REFERENCES

1 +
Arnason BG:  Inflammatory polyradiculoneuropathies , in Dyck PJ, Thomas PK, Lambert EH (eds): Peripheral Neuropathy . Philadelphia, WB Saunders Co, 1975;, pp 1110-1148.
2 +
Arnason BG, Asbury AK:  Idiopathic polyneuritis after surgery . Arch Neurol 1968;;18:500-507.
3 +
Arnason BG, Winkler GF, Hadler NM:  Cellmediated demyelination of peripheral nerve in tissue culture . Lab Invest 1969;;21:1-10.
4 +
Cummings JF, Haas DC:  Coonhound paralysis: An acute idiopathic polyradiculoneuritis in dogs resembling Landry-Guillain-Barré syndrome . J Neurol Sci 1967;;4:51-81.
5 +
Hughes RAC:  Acute inflammatory polyneuropathy , in Rose FC (ed): Clinical Neuroimmunology . London, Blackwell Publishers Ltd, 1979;.
6 +
Lampert P, Garrett R, Powell H:  Demyelination in allergic and Marek's disease virus induced neuritis: Comparative electron microscopic studies . Acta Neuropathol Berl 1977;; 40:103-110.
7 +
Tse KS, Arbesman CE, Tomasi TB Jr, et al:  Demonstration of antimyelin antibodies by immunofluorescence in Guillan-Barré syndrome . Clin Exp Immunol 1971;;8:881-887.
8 +
Waksman BH, Adams RD:  Allergic neuritis: An experimental disease of rabbits induced by the injection of peripheral nervous tissue and adjuvants . J Exp Med 1955;;102:213-236.
9 +
Adams JM, Imagawa DT:  Measles antibodies in multiple sclerosis . Proc Soc Exp Biol Med 1962;;111:562-566.
10 +
Arnason BG, Antel JP:  Suppressor cell function in multiple sclerosis . Ann Immunol Inst Pasteur 1978;;129C:159-170.
11 +
Arnason BG, Jankovic BD, Waksman BH, et al:  Role of the thymus in immune reactions in rats: II. Suppressive effect of thymectomy at birth on reactions of delayed (cellular) hypersensitivity and the circulating small lymphocyte . J Exp Med 1962;;116:177-186.
12 +
Asbury AK, Arnason BG, Karp HR, et al:  Criteria for diagnosis of Guillain-Barré syndrome . Ann Neurol 1978;;3:565-566.
13 +
Ellison GW, Myers LW:  A review of systemic nonspecific immunosuppressive treatment of multiple sclerosis . Neurology 1978;;28:132-139.
14 +
Fowler H, Vulpe M, Marks G, et al:  Recovery from chronic progressive polyneuropathy after treatment with plasma exchange and cyclophosphamide . Lancet 1979;;2:1193.
15 +
Jersild C:  The HLA system and multiple sclerosis . Birth Defects 1978;;14:123-170.
16 +
Lehrich JR, Arnason BG:  Virology of multiple sclerosis . Handbook Clin Neurol 1978;;34:435-450.
17 +
Petajain JH:  The use of plasmapheresis in the treatment of neurological disease . Proceeding of the Hemonetics Research Institute Advanced Component Seminar , Boston, 1979;.
18 +
Reinherz EL, Weiner HL, Hauser SL, et al:  Loss of suppressor T cells in active multiple sclerosis: Analysis with monoclonal antibodies . N Engl J Med 1980;;303:125-129.
19 +
Rivers TM, Sprunt DH, Berry GP:  Observations on attempts to produce acute disseminated encephalomyelitis in monkeys . J Exp Med 1933;; 58:39.
20 +
Arnason BG:  Myasthenia gravis , in Parker E (ed): Clinical Immunology . Philadelphia, WB Saunders Co, 1980;, vol 2.
21 +
Castleman B:  The pathology of the thymus gland in myasthenia gravis . Ann NY Acad Sci 1966;;135:496-503.
22 +
Fambrough DM, Drachman DB, Satymurti S:  Neuromuscular junction in myasthenia gravis: Decreased acetylcholine receptors . Science 1973;; 182:293-295.
23 +
Fritze D, Herrmann C, Naeim F, et al:  The biologic significance of HLA antigen markers in myasthenia gravis . Ann NY Acad Sci 1966;; 274:440-450.
24 +
Motulsky HJ, Insel PA:  Adrenergic receptors in man: Direct identification, physiologic regulation, and clinical alterations . N Engl J Med 1982;;307:18-30.
25 +
Patrick J, Lindstrom JM:  Autoimmune response to acetylcholine receptor . Science 1973;; 180:871-872.
26 +
Pinching AJ, Peters DK, Newsom-Davis J:  Remission of myasthenia gravis following plasma exchange . Lancet 1976;;2:1373-1376.
27 +
Strauss AJL, Seegal BC, Hsu K, et al:  Immunofluorescence demonstration of a muscle-binding complement-fixing serum globulin fraction in myasthenia gravis . Proc Soc Exp Biol Med 1960;;105:184-191.

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Country-Specific Mortality and Growth Failure in Infancy and Yound Children and Association With Material Stature

Use interactive graphics and maps to view and sort country-specific infant and early dhildhood mortality and growth failure data and their association with maternal

1 +
Arnason BG:  Inflammatory polyradiculoneuropathies , in Dyck PJ, Thomas PK, Lambert EH (eds): Peripheral Neuropathy . Philadelphia, WB Saunders Co, 1975;, pp 1110-1148.
2 +
Arnason BG, Asbury AK:  Idiopathic polyneuritis after surgery . Arch Neurol 1968;;18:500-507.
3 +
Arnason BG, Winkler GF, Hadler NM:  Cellmediated demyelination of peripheral nerve in tissue culture . Lab Invest 1969;;21:1-10.
4 +
Cummings JF, Haas DC:  Coonhound paralysis: An acute idiopathic polyradiculoneuritis in dogs resembling Landry-Guillain-Barré syndrome . J Neurol Sci 1967;;4:51-81.
5 +
Hughes RAC:  Acute inflammatory polyneuropathy , in Rose FC (ed): Clinical Neuroimmunology . London, Blackwell Publishers Ltd, 1979;.
6 +
Lampert P, Garrett R, Powell H:  Demyelination in allergic and Marek's disease virus induced neuritis: Comparative electron microscopic studies . Acta Neuropathol Berl 1977;; 40:103-110.
7 +
Tse KS, Arbesman CE, Tomasi TB Jr, et al:  Demonstration of antimyelin antibodies by immunofluorescence in Guillan-Barré syndrome . Clin Exp Immunol 1971;;8:881-887.
8 +
Waksman BH, Adams RD:  Allergic neuritis: An experimental disease of rabbits induced by the injection of peripheral nervous tissue and adjuvants . J Exp Med 1955;;102:213-236.
9 +
Adams JM, Imagawa DT:  Measles antibodies in multiple sclerosis . Proc Soc Exp Biol Med 1962;;111:562-566.
10 +
Arnason BG, Antel JP:  Suppressor cell function in multiple sclerosis . Ann Immunol Inst Pasteur 1978;;129C:159-170.
11 +
Arnason BG, Jankovic BD, Waksman BH, et al:  Role of the thymus in immune reactions in rats: II. Suppressive effect of thymectomy at birth on reactions of delayed (cellular) hypersensitivity and the circulating small lymphocyte . J Exp Med 1962;;116:177-186.
12 +
Asbury AK, Arnason BG, Karp HR, et al:  Criteria for diagnosis of Guillain-Barré syndrome . Ann Neurol 1978;;3:565-566.
13 +
Ellison GW, Myers LW:  A review of systemic nonspecific immunosuppressive treatment of multiple sclerosis . Neurology 1978;;28:132-139.
14 +
Fowler H, Vulpe M, Marks G, et al:  Recovery from chronic progressive polyneuropathy after treatment with plasma exchange and cyclophosphamide . Lancet 1979;;2:1193.
15 +
Jersild C:  The HLA system and multiple sclerosis . Birth Defects 1978;;14:123-170.
16 +
Lehrich JR, Arnason BG:  Virology of multiple sclerosis . Handbook Clin Neurol 1978;;34:435-450.
17 +
Petajain JH:  The use of plasmapheresis in the treatment of neurological disease . Proceeding of the Hemonetics Research Institute Advanced Component Seminar , Boston, 1979;.
18 +
Reinherz EL, Weiner HL, Hauser SL, et al:  Loss of suppressor T cells in active multiple sclerosis: Analysis with monoclonal antibodies . N Engl J Med 1980;;303:125-129.
19 +
Rivers TM, Sprunt DH, Berry GP:  Observations on attempts to produce acute disseminated encephalomyelitis in monkeys . J Exp Med 1933;; 58:39.
20 +
Arnason BG:  Myasthenia gravis , in Parker E (ed): Clinical Immunology . Philadelphia, WB Saunders Co, 1980;, vol 2.
21 +
Castleman B:  The pathology of the thymus gland in myasthenia gravis . Ann NY Acad Sci 1966;;135:496-503.
22 +
Fambrough DM, Drachman DB, Satymurti S:  Neuromuscular junction in myasthenia gravis: Decreased acetylcholine receptors . Science 1973;; 182:293-295.
23 +
Fritze D, Herrmann C, Naeim F, et al:  The biologic significance of HLA antigen markers in myasthenia gravis . Ann NY Acad Sci 1966;; 274:440-450.
24 +
Motulsky HJ, Insel PA:  Adrenergic receptors in man: Direct identification, physiologic regulation, and clinical alterations . N Engl J Med 1982;;307:18-30.
25 +
Patrick J, Lindstrom JM:  Autoimmune response to acetylcholine receptor . Science 1973;; 180:871-872.
26 +
Pinching AJ, Peters DK, Newsom-Davis J:  Remission of myasthenia gravis following plasma exchange . Lancet 1976;;2:1373-1376.
27 +
Strauss AJL, Seegal BC, Hsu K, et al:  Immunofluorescence demonstration of a muscle-binding complement-fixing serum globulin fraction in myasthenia gravis . Proc Soc Exp Biol Med 1960;;105:184-191.

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