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June 18, 1982, Vol 247, No. 23 >
ARTICLE | June 18, 1982

Diabetic Retinopathy FREE

Jay S. Skyler, MD
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JAMA. 1982;247(23):3246-3247. doi:10.1001/jama.1982.03320480062029
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References

The Diabetic Retinopathy Study (DRS)1-4 was a landmark clinical trial in which intervention involved photocoagulation of one eye (randomly selected), with the fellow eye serving as an untreated control. The DRS findings demonstrated that photocoagulation for proliferative diabetic retinopathy resulted in a reduction of severe visual loss over a three-year period from 26.4% in untreated eyes to 10.5% in treated eyes.2 Moreover, the DRS identified certain characteristics that placed the eye at high risk of severe visual loss; namely (1) eyes with new vessels and preretinal or vitreous hemorrhage; and (2) eyes with new vessels on or within 1 disc diameter of the optic disc equaling or exceeding one fourth to one third of the disc area in extent, even in the absence of preretinal or vitreous hemorrhage.1-4 On the basis of the identification of those high-risk eyes, the DRS protocol was changed during the course of

REFERENCES

1 +
 The Diabetic Retinopathy Study Research Group: Preliminary report on effects of photocoagulation therapy . Am J Ophthalmol 1976;;81:383-386.
2 +
 The Diabetic Retinopathy Study Research Group: Photocoagulation treatment of diabetic retinopathy: The second report of diabetic retinopathy study findings . Ophthalmology 1978;;85:82-105.
3 +
 The Diabetic Retinopathy Study Research Group: Four risk factors for severe visual loss in diabetic retinopathy: The third report from the diabetic retinopathy study . Arch Ophthalmol 1979;;97:654-655.
4 +
 The Diabetic Retinopathy Study Research Group: Photocoagulation treatment of proliferative diabetic retinopathy: Clinical application of diabetic retinopathy study (DRS) findings . Ophthalmology 1981;;88:583-600.
5 +
The Treatment and Control of Diabetes: A National Plan to Reduce Mortality and Morbidity , National Institutes of Health publication 81-2284. National Diabetes Advisory Board, (November) 1980;, pp 41-46.
6 +
Stross JK, Harlan WR:  The dissemination of new medical information . JAMA 1979;;241:2622-2624.
7 +
Frank RN, Hoffman WH, Podgor MH, et al:  Retinopathy in juvenileonset diabetes of short duration . Ophthalmology 1980;;87:1-9.
8 +
Palmberg P, Smith M, Waltman S, et al:  The natural history of retinopathy in insulin-dependent juvenile-onset diabetes . Ophthalmology 1981;;88:613-618.
9 +
Caird RI, Pirie A, Ramsell TG: Diabetes and the Eye . Oxford, England, Blackwell Scientific Publications, 1968;, pp 76-77.
10 +
Kahn HA, Bradley RF:  Prevalence of diabetic retinopathy . Br J Ophthalmol 1975;;59:345-349.
11 +
Waltman Sr, Oestrich C, Krupin T, et al:  Quantitative vitreous fluorophotometty—a sensitive technique for measuring early breakdown of the blood-retinal barrier in young diabetic patients . Diabetes 1978;;27:85-87.
12 +
White NH, Waltman SR, Krupin T, et al:  Reversal of abnormalities in ocular fluorophotometry in insulin-dependent diabetes after five to nine months of improved metabolic control . Diabetes 1982;;31:80-85.
13 +
Tchobroutsky G:  Relation of diabetes control to development of microvascular complications . Diabetologia 1978;;15:143-152.
14 +
Skyler JS:  Complications of diabetes mellitus: Relationship to metabolic dysfunction . Diabetes Care 1979;;2:499-509.
15 +
Steno Study Group:  Effect of six months of strict metabolic control on eye and kidney function in insulin-dependent diabetics with background retinopathy . Lancet 1982;;1:121-124.
16 +
Knowler WC, Bennett PH, Ballentine EJ:  Increased incidence of diabetic retinopathy and elevated blood pressure . N Engl J Med 1980;;302:645-650.
17 +
Szabo AJ, Stewart AG, Joron GE:  Factors associated with increased prevalence of diabetic retinopathy . Can Med Assoc J 1967;;97:286-292.
18 +
Kornerup T:  Blood pressure and diabetic retinopathy . Acta Ophthalmol 1957;;35:163-174.
19 +
Baladimos ML, Aiello LM, Gleason RE, et al:  Retinopathy in mild diabetes of long duration . Arch Ophthalmol 1969;;81:660-666.

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1 +
 The Diabetic Retinopathy Study Research Group: Preliminary report on effects of photocoagulation therapy . Am J Ophthalmol 1976;;81:383-386.
2 +
 The Diabetic Retinopathy Study Research Group: Photocoagulation treatment of diabetic retinopathy: The second report of diabetic retinopathy study findings . Ophthalmology 1978;;85:82-105.
3 +
 The Diabetic Retinopathy Study Research Group: Four risk factors for severe visual loss in diabetic retinopathy: The third report from the diabetic retinopathy study . Arch Ophthalmol 1979;;97:654-655.
4 +
 The Diabetic Retinopathy Study Research Group: Photocoagulation treatment of proliferative diabetic retinopathy: Clinical application of diabetic retinopathy study (DRS) findings . Ophthalmology 1981;;88:583-600.
5 +
The Treatment and Control of Diabetes: A National Plan to Reduce Mortality and Morbidity , National Institutes of Health publication 81-2284. National Diabetes Advisory Board, (November) 1980;, pp 41-46.
6 +
Stross JK, Harlan WR:  The dissemination of new medical information . JAMA 1979;;241:2622-2624.
7 +
Frank RN, Hoffman WH, Podgor MH, et al:  Retinopathy in juvenileonset diabetes of short duration . Ophthalmology 1980;;87:1-9.
8 +
Palmberg P, Smith M, Waltman S, et al:  The natural history of retinopathy in insulin-dependent juvenile-onset diabetes . Ophthalmology 1981;;88:613-618.
9 +
Caird RI, Pirie A, Ramsell TG: Diabetes and the Eye . Oxford, England, Blackwell Scientific Publications, 1968;, pp 76-77.
10 +
Kahn HA, Bradley RF:  Prevalence of diabetic retinopathy . Br J Ophthalmol 1975;;59:345-349.
11 +
Waltman Sr, Oestrich C, Krupin T, et al:  Quantitative vitreous fluorophotometty—a sensitive technique for measuring early breakdown of the blood-retinal barrier in young diabetic patients . Diabetes 1978;;27:85-87.
12 +
White NH, Waltman SR, Krupin T, et al:  Reversal of abnormalities in ocular fluorophotometry in insulin-dependent diabetes after five to nine months of improved metabolic control . Diabetes 1982;;31:80-85.
13 +
Tchobroutsky G:  Relation of diabetes control to development of microvascular complications . Diabetologia 1978;;15:143-152.
14 +
Skyler JS:  Complications of diabetes mellitus: Relationship to metabolic dysfunction . Diabetes Care 1979;;2:499-509.
15 +
Steno Study Group:  Effect of six months of strict metabolic control on eye and kidney function in insulin-dependent diabetics with background retinopathy . Lancet 1982;;1:121-124.
16 +
Knowler WC, Bennett PH, Ballentine EJ:  Increased incidence of diabetic retinopathy and elevated blood pressure . N Engl J Med 1980;;302:645-650.
17 +
Szabo AJ, Stewart AG, Joron GE:  Factors associated with increased prevalence of diabetic retinopathy . Can Med Assoc J 1967;;97:286-292.
18 +
Kornerup T:  Blood pressure and diabetic retinopathy . Acta Ophthalmol 1957;;35:163-174.
19 +
Baladimos ML, Aiello LM, Gleason RE, et al:  Retinopathy in mild diabetes of long duration . Arch Ophthalmol 1969;;81:660-666.

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