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August 28, 1981, Vol 246, No. 9 >
ARTICLE | August 28, 1981

The Dilemma of Morbid Obesity FREE

Theodore B. Van Itallie, MD; John G. Kral, MD, PhD
[+] Author Affiliations

Reprint requests to St Luke's Hospital Center, Amsterdam Avenue at 114th Street, New York, NY 10025 (Dr Van Itallie).


JAMA. 1981;246(9):999-1003. doi:10.1001/jama.1981.03320090057035
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References

A NATIONWIDE survey in the United States completed in 1974 has shown that 15% of men and 25% of women aged 20 to 74 years were 20% or more overweight, based on standards derived from a representative population aged 20 to 29 years.1 Among women aged 55 to 64 years, 35% were similarly overweight. The same survey showed that 5% of men and 7% of women were "severely" obese (ie, with a body fat content, determined by skinfold thickness, greater than the 95th percentile for men and nonpregnant women aged 20 to 29 years). When this criterion was applied to body weight, it was found that the severely obese men were 30% or more above average weight for their height and age, while the severely obese women were 50% or more above average weight. Of this subset, between 8% and 10% (about 600,000 people) had a body weight twice

REFERENCES

1 +
Abraham S, Johnson CL:  Prevalence of severe obesity in adults in the United States . Am J Clin Nutr 1980;;33:364-369.
2 +
 New weight standards for men and women . Stat Bull Metropol Life Ins Co 1959;;40:1-4.
3 +
Drenick EJ, Bale GS, Seltzer F, et al:  Excessive mortality and causes of death in morbidly obese men . JAMA 1980;;243:443-445.
4 +
Build Study (1979) . Chicago, Society of Actuaries and Association of Life Insurance Medical Directors, 1979;.
5 +
Hirsch J, Batchelor B:  Adipose tissue cellularity in human obesity . Clin Endocrinol Metab 1976;;5:299-311.
6 +
Krotkiewski M, Sjöström L, Björntorp P, et al:  Adipose tissue cellularity in relation to prognosis for weight reduction . Int J Obes 1977;; 1:395-416.
7 +
Quaade F:  Intestinal bypass for severe obesity, a randomized trial, the Danish Obesity Group , in Bray GA (ed): Recent Advances in Obesity Research. London, Paulist/Newman Press, 1978;, vol 2, pp 385-390.
8 +
Van Itallie TB, Burton BT:  National Institutes of Health consensus development conferences on surgical treatment of morbid obesity . Ann Surg 1979;;189:455-457.
9 +
Genuth SM, Vertes B, Hazelton I:  Supplemental fasting in the treatment of obesity , in Bray GA (ed): Recent Advances in Obesity Research. London, Paulist/Newman Press, 1978;, vol 2, pp 370-378.
10 +
Stunkard AJ, Penick SB:  Behavior modification in the treatment of obesity: The problem of maintaining weight loss . Arch Gen Psychiatry 1979;;36:801-806.
11 +
Sours HE, Frattali VP, Brand CD, et al:  Sudden death associated with very low calorie weight reduction regimens . Am J Clin Nutr 1981;;34:453-461.
12 +
Lantigua RA, Amatruda JM, Biddle TL, et al:  Cardiac arrhythmias associated with a liquid protein diet for the treatment of obesity . N Engl J Med 1980;;303:735-738.
13 +
DeWind LT, Payne JH:  Intestinal bypass surgery for morbid obesity . JAMA 1976;; 236:2298.
14 +
Crisp AH, Kalucy RS, Pilkington TRE, et al:  Some phychological consequences of ileojejunal bypass surgery . Am J Clin Nutr 1977;; 30:109-120.
15 +
Hallberg D, Holmgren U:  Bilio-intestinal shunt . Acta Chir Scand 1979;;145:405-408.
16 +
Scopinaro N, Gianetta E, Civalleri D, et al:  Bilio-pancreatic bypass for obesity: II. Initial experience in man . Br J Surg 1979;;66:618-620.
17 +
Mason EE, Printen KJ, Blommers TJ, et al:  Gastric bypass for obesity after ten years' experience . Int J Obes 1978;;2:197-206.
18 +
Gomez CA:  Gastroplasty in morbid obesity . Surg Clin North Am 1979;;59:1113-1120.
19 +
Yates BT:  Survey comparison of success, morbidity, fees and psychological benefits and costs of 3,146 patients receiving jejunoileal or gastric bypass . Am J Clin Nutr 1980;;33:513-522.

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Country-Specific Mortality and Growth Failure in Infancy and Yound Children and Association With Material Stature

Use interactive graphics and maps to view and sort country-specific infant and early dhildhood mortality and growth failure data and their association with maternal

1 +
Abraham S, Johnson CL:  Prevalence of severe obesity in adults in the United States . Am J Clin Nutr 1980;;33:364-369.
2 +
 New weight standards for men and women . Stat Bull Metropol Life Ins Co 1959;;40:1-4.
3 +
Drenick EJ, Bale GS, Seltzer F, et al:  Excessive mortality and causes of death in morbidly obese men . JAMA 1980;;243:443-445.
4 +
Build Study (1979) . Chicago, Society of Actuaries and Association of Life Insurance Medical Directors, 1979;.
5 +
Hirsch J, Batchelor B:  Adipose tissue cellularity in human obesity . Clin Endocrinol Metab 1976;;5:299-311.
6 +
Krotkiewski M, Sjöström L, Björntorp P, et al:  Adipose tissue cellularity in relation to prognosis for weight reduction . Int J Obes 1977;; 1:395-416.
7 +
Quaade F:  Intestinal bypass for severe obesity, a randomized trial, the Danish Obesity Group , in Bray GA (ed): Recent Advances in Obesity Research. London, Paulist/Newman Press, 1978;, vol 2, pp 385-390.
8 +
Van Itallie TB, Burton BT:  National Institutes of Health consensus development conferences on surgical treatment of morbid obesity . Ann Surg 1979;;189:455-457.
9 +
Genuth SM, Vertes B, Hazelton I:  Supplemental fasting in the treatment of obesity , in Bray GA (ed): Recent Advances in Obesity Research. London, Paulist/Newman Press, 1978;, vol 2, pp 370-378.
10 +
Stunkard AJ, Penick SB:  Behavior modification in the treatment of obesity: The problem of maintaining weight loss . Arch Gen Psychiatry 1979;;36:801-806.
11 +
Sours HE, Frattali VP, Brand CD, et al:  Sudden death associated with very low calorie weight reduction regimens . Am J Clin Nutr 1981;;34:453-461.
12 +
Lantigua RA, Amatruda JM, Biddle TL, et al:  Cardiac arrhythmias associated with a liquid protein diet for the treatment of obesity . N Engl J Med 1980;;303:735-738.
13 +
DeWind LT, Payne JH:  Intestinal bypass surgery for morbid obesity . JAMA 1976;; 236:2298.
14 +
Crisp AH, Kalucy RS, Pilkington TRE, et al:  Some phychological consequences of ileojejunal bypass surgery . Am J Clin Nutr 1977;; 30:109-120.
15 +
Hallberg D, Holmgren U:  Bilio-intestinal shunt . Acta Chir Scand 1979;;145:405-408.
16 +
Scopinaro N, Gianetta E, Civalleri D, et al:  Bilio-pancreatic bypass for obesity: II. Initial experience in man . Br J Surg 1979;;66:618-620.
17 +
Mason EE, Printen KJ, Blommers TJ, et al:  Gastric bypass for obesity after ten years' experience . Int J Obes 1978;;2:197-206.
18 +
Gomez CA:  Gastroplasty in morbid obesity . Surg Clin North Am 1979;;59:1113-1120.
19 +
Yates BT:  Survey comparison of success, morbidity, fees and psychological benefits and costs of 3,146 patients receiving jejunoileal or gastric bypass . Am J Clin Nutr 1980;;33:513-522.

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