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February 9, 1979, Vol 241, No. 6 >
ARTICLE | February 9, 1979

Carcinogens in Food and the Delaney Clause FREE

Thomas H. Jukes, PhD
[+] Author Affiliations

Reprint requests to Division of Medical Physics, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720 (Dr Jukes).


JAMA. 1979;241(6):617-619. doi:10.1001/jama.1979.03290320051036
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References

THE Delaney Clause, sometimes called the Delaney Amendment, is a statement in the Food Additives Amendment of the Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act, and it became law in 1958. The clause says that "No additive shall be deemed to be safe if it is found to induce cancer when ingested by man or animal, or if it is found, after tests which are appropriate for the evaluation of the safety of food additives, to induce cancer in man or animal." An addition to the clause states that the prohibition against carcinogenic additives does not apply to ingredients of the feed of food animals provided that no residue of such additives is found by approved methods and analysis in the food derived from the animals.

The clause is thus directed against food additives, and the addition to the clause deals with animal feed supplements. The clause is strongly supported and

REFERENCES

1 +
Epstein SS:  The Delaney Amendment . Prev Med 2:140-149, 1973;.
2 +
Color Additives: Hearings on HR 7624 and S 2197. Committee on Interstate and Foreign Commerce, US Congress, House of Representatives, 86th Congress, Government Printing Office, 1960, pp 38-69.
3 +
Hutchinson GE:  The influence of the environment . Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 51:930-934, 1964;.
4 +
Claus G, Krisko I, Bolander K:  Chemical carcinogens in the environment and in the human diet: Can a threshold be established? Food Cosmet Toxicol 12:737-746, 1975;.
5 +
Some Questions and Answers About Food Additives . US Dept of Health, Education, and Welfare, Public Health Service, publication No. (FDA) 74-2056, 1974;.
6 +
Rothman KJ:  Alcohol , in Persons at High Risk of Cancer . New York, Academic Press Inc, 1975;, p 139.
7 +
Gass GH, Allaben WT:  Preliminary report on the carcinogenic dose-response curve to oral vitamin D ,. Int Res Commun System Med Sci: Cancer: Drug Metab Toxicol Endocr System: Metab Nutr: Pathology: Pharmacology: Reprod Obstet Gynecol 5:477, 1977;.
8 +
Miller J:  Naturally occurring substances that can induce tumors , in Toxicants Occurring Naturally in Foods , ed 2. Washington, DC, National Academy of Sciences, 1973;, pp 508-549.
9 +
Jukes TH: Nitrates and nitrites as components of the normal environment. Proc Meat Industry Res Conf 1976, pp 41-48.
10 +
Tannenbaum SR, Sinskey AJ, Weisman M, et al:  Nitrite in human saliva: Its possible relationship to nitrosamine formation . J Natl Cancer Inst 53:79-84, 1974;.
11 +
Tannenbaum SR, Fett D, Young VR, et al:  Nitrite and nitrate are formed by endogenous synthesis in the human intestine . Science 200:1487-1489, 1978;.
12 +
Deinzer ML, Thomson PA, Burgett DM, et al:  Pyrrolizidine alkaloids: Their occurrence in honey from tansy ragwort (Senecio jacobaea L.) . Science 195:497-499, 1977;.
13 +
Lijinsky W, Shubik P:  Benzo(a)pyrene and other polynuclear hydrocarbons in charcoalbroiled meat . Science 145:53-55, 1964;.
14 +
Nagao M, Honda M, Seino Y, et al:  Mutagenicities of smoke condensates and the charred surface of fish and meat . Cancer Lett 2:221-226, 1977;.
15 +
Takayama S, Katoh Y, Tanaka M, et al:  In vitro transformation of hamster embryo cells with tryptophan pyrolysis products . Proc Jpn Acad 53:126-129, 1977;.
16 +
Herbst AL, Cole P, Colton T, et al:  Ageincidence and risk of diethylstilbestrol-related clear cell adenocarcinoma of the vagina and cervix . Am J Obstet Gynecol 128:43-50, 1977;.
17 +
Jensen E, cited by Jukes TH:  The DES hearings: What was learned . Feedstuffs 49:22, 1977;.
18 +
Arcos JC:  Cancer: Chemical factors in the environment, an overview—Part 2 , in American Laboratory . Fairfield, Conn, International Scientific Communications, 1978;, pp 29, 30, 32, 34-36, 38-41.
19 +
Wynder EL:  Nutrition and cancer . Fed Proc 35:1309-1315, 1976;.
20 +
Boyland E:  Difficulties in assessing carcinogenic activity . Nature 274:308, 1978;.

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Country-Specific Mortality and Growth Failure in Infancy and Yound Children and Association With Material Stature

Use interactive graphics and maps to view and sort country-specific infant and early dhildhood mortality and growth failure data and their association with maternal

1 +
Epstein SS:  The Delaney Amendment . Prev Med 2:140-149, 1973;.
2 +
Color Additives: Hearings on HR 7624 and S 2197. Committee on Interstate and Foreign Commerce, US Congress, House of Representatives, 86th Congress, Government Printing Office, 1960, pp 38-69.
3 +
Hutchinson GE:  The influence of the environment . Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 51:930-934, 1964;.
4 +
Claus G, Krisko I, Bolander K:  Chemical carcinogens in the environment and in the human diet: Can a threshold be established? Food Cosmet Toxicol 12:737-746, 1975;.
5 +
Some Questions and Answers About Food Additives . US Dept of Health, Education, and Welfare, Public Health Service, publication No. (FDA) 74-2056, 1974;.
6 +
Rothman KJ:  Alcohol , in Persons at High Risk of Cancer . New York, Academic Press Inc, 1975;, p 139.
7 +
Gass GH, Allaben WT:  Preliminary report on the carcinogenic dose-response curve to oral vitamin D ,. Int Res Commun System Med Sci: Cancer: Drug Metab Toxicol Endocr System: Metab Nutr: Pathology: Pharmacology: Reprod Obstet Gynecol 5:477, 1977;.
8 +
Miller J:  Naturally occurring substances that can induce tumors , in Toxicants Occurring Naturally in Foods , ed 2. Washington, DC, National Academy of Sciences, 1973;, pp 508-549.
9 +
Jukes TH: Nitrates and nitrites as components of the normal environment. Proc Meat Industry Res Conf 1976, pp 41-48.
10 +
Tannenbaum SR, Sinskey AJ, Weisman M, et al:  Nitrite in human saliva: Its possible relationship to nitrosamine formation . J Natl Cancer Inst 53:79-84, 1974;.
11 +
Tannenbaum SR, Fett D, Young VR, et al:  Nitrite and nitrate are formed by endogenous synthesis in the human intestine . Science 200:1487-1489, 1978;.
12 +
Deinzer ML, Thomson PA, Burgett DM, et al:  Pyrrolizidine alkaloids: Their occurrence in honey from tansy ragwort (Senecio jacobaea L.) . Science 195:497-499, 1977;.
13 +
Lijinsky W, Shubik P:  Benzo(a)pyrene and other polynuclear hydrocarbons in charcoalbroiled meat . Science 145:53-55, 1964;.
14 +
Nagao M, Honda M, Seino Y, et al:  Mutagenicities of smoke condensates and the charred surface of fish and meat . Cancer Lett 2:221-226, 1977;.
15 +
Takayama S, Katoh Y, Tanaka M, et al:  In vitro transformation of hamster embryo cells with tryptophan pyrolysis products . Proc Jpn Acad 53:126-129, 1977;.
16 +
Herbst AL, Cole P, Colton T, et al:  Ageincidence and risk of diethylstilbestrol-related clear cell adenocarcinoma of the vagina and cervix . Am J Obstet Gynecol 128:43-50, 1977;.
17 +
Jensen E, cited by Jukes TH:  The DES hearings: What was learned . Feedstuffs 49:22, 1977;.
18 +
Arcos JC:  Cancer: Chemical factors in the environment, an overview—Part 2 , in American Laboratory . Fairfield, Conn, International Scientific Communications, 1978;, pp 29, 30, 32, 34-36, 38-41.
19 +
Wynder EL:  Nutrition and cancer . Fed Proc 35:1309-1315, 1976;.
20 +
Boyland E:  Difficulties in assessing carcinogenic activity . Nature 274:308, 1978;.

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