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June 1, 1979, Vol 241, No. 22 >
ARTICLE | June 1, 1979

Resource for Managing Sleep Disorders FREE

Joyce D. Kales, MD; Anthony Kales, MD; Edward O. Bixler, PhD; Constantin R. Soldatos, MD
[+] Author Affiliations

Reprint requests to Sleep Research and Treatment Center, Milton S. Hershey Medical Center, Hershey, PA 17033 (Dr J. Kales).


JAMA. 1979;241(22):2413-2416. doi:10.1001/jama.1979.03290480047023
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References

To enhance physicians' knowledge of the prevalent problem of sleep disorders, a 50-minute videotape program designed as a learning and self-assessment experience in evaluating and treating these disorders was coproduced with the Network for Continuing Medical Education. The program has been presented nationally to about 25,000 medical professionals. The mean correct score was 50% for the pretest, 69% for the instructional section, and 79% for the posttest; the composite score on the posttest was 59% higher than that on the pretest. Physicians' responses indicated strengths and weaknesses in their knowledge of sleep disorders, thus delineating future directions for medical education in insomnia, narcolepsy/cataplexy, nightmares, night terrors, sleepwalking, and enuresis. All of these sleep disorders can be best evaluated and treated by the general physician.

(JAMA 241:2413-2416, 1979)

REFERENCES

1 +
Bixler EO, Kales JD, Scharf MB, et al:  Incidence of sleep disorders in medical practice: A physician survey . Sleep Res 5:160, 1976;.
2 +
Bixler ED, Kales A, Soldatos CR, et al:  Prevalence of sleep disorders: A survey of the Los Angeles metropolitan area . Am J Psychiatry , to be published.
3 +
American Medical Association Center for Health Services Research and Development: Distribution of Physicians in the U.S., 1972: I. Regional, State, County . Chicago, American Medical Association, 1973;.
4 +
Kales A, Caldwell AB, Preston TA, et al:  Personality patterns in insomnia . Arch Gen Psychiatry 33:1128-1134, 1976;.
5 +
Kales A, Kales JD, Bixler EO, et al:  Common shortcomings in the evaluation and treatment of insomnia , in Kagan F, Harwood T, Rickels K, et al (eds): Hypnotics: Methods of Development and Evaluation . New York, Spectrum Publications, 1975;, pp 29-40.
6 +
Kales A, Bixler EO, Tan TL, et al:  Chronic hypnotic drug use: Ineffectiveness, drug withdrawal insomnia, and hypnotic drug dependence . JAMA 277:513-517, 1974;.
7 +
Greenblatt DJ, Shader RI:  Drug interactions in psychopharmacology , in Shader RI (ed): Manual of Psychiatric Therapeutics . Boston, Little Brown & Co, 1975;.
8 +
Sedative-Hypnotic Drugs: Risks and Benefits, Department of Health, Education, and Welfare publication ADM-78592. Government Printing Office, 1978.
9 +
Kales A, Bixler EO, Kales JD, et al:  Comparative effectiveness of nine hypnotic drugs: Sleep laboratory studies . J Clin Pharmacol 17:207-213, 1977;.
10 +
Zarcone V:  Narcolepsy . N Engl J Med 288:1156-1166, 1973;.
11 +
Rechtschaffen A, Wolpert E, Dement WC, et al:  Nocturnal sleep of narcoleptics . Electroencephalogr Clin Neurophysiol 15:599-609, 1963;.
12 +
Kales A, Kales JD: Sleep disorders:  Recent findings in the diagnosis and treatment of disturbed sleep . N Engl J Med 290:487-499, 1974;.
13 +
Gastaut H, Broughton R:  A clinical and polygraphic study of episodic phenomena during sleep , in Wortis J (ed): Recent Advances in Biological Psychiatry . New York, Plenum Press Inc, 1965;, pp 197-221.
14 +
Fisher C, Kahn E, Edwards A, et al:  A psychophysiological study of nightmares and night terrors . Psychoanalysis Contemp Sci 3:317-398, 1974;.
15 +
Broughton RJ:  Sleep disorders: Disorders of arousal? Science 159:1070-1078, 1968;.
16 +
Kales J, Jacobson A, Paulson MJ, et al:  Somnambulism: Psychophysiological correlates: I. All-night EEG studies . Arch Gen Psychiatry 14:586-594, 1966;.
17 +
Starfield B:  Enuresis: Its pathogenesis and management . Clin Pediatr 11:343-350, 1972;.
18 +
Kales A, Kales JD, Jacobson A, et al:  Effects of imipramine on enuretic frequency and sleep stages . Pediatrics 60:431-436, 1977;.

Figures

Tables

Interactive Graphics

Video

Country-Specific Mortality and Growth Failure in Infancy and Yound Children and Association With Material Stature

Use interactive graphics and maps to view and sort country-specific infant and early dhildhood mortality and growth failure data and their association with maternal

1 +
Bixler EO, Kales JD, Scharf MB, et al:  Incidence of sleep disorders in medical practice: A physician survey . Sleep Res 5:160, 1976;.
2 +
Bixler ED, Kales A, Soldatos CR, et al:  Prevalence of sleep disorders: A survey of the Los Angeles metropolitan area . Am J Psychiatry , to be published.
3 +
American Medical Association Center for Health Services Research and Development: Distribution of Physicians in the U.S., 1972: I. Regional, State, County . Chicago, American Medical Association, 1973;.
4 +
Kales A, Caldwell AB, Preston TA, et al:  Personality patterns in insomnia . Arch Gen Psychiatry 33:1128-1134, 1976;.
5 +
Kales A, Kales JD, Bixler EO, et al:  Common shortcomings in the evaluation and treatment of insomnia , in Kagan F, Harwood T, Rickels K, et al (eds): Hypnotics: Methods of Development and Evaluation . New York, Spectrum Publications, 1975;, pp 29-40.
6 +
Kales A, Bixler EO, Tan TL, et al:  Chronic hypnotic drug use: Ineffectiveness, drug withdrawal insomnia, and hypnotic drug dependence . JAMA 277:513-517, 1974;.
7 +
Greenblatt DJ, Shader RI:  Drug interactions in psychopharmacology , in Shader RI (ed): Manual of Psychiatric Therapeutics . Boston, Little Brown & Co, 1975;.
8 +
Sedative-Hypnotic Drugs: Risks and Benefits, Department of Health, Education, and Welfare publication ADM-78592. Government Printing Office, 1978.
9 +
Kales A, Bixler EO, Kales JD, et al:  Comparative effectiveness of nine hypnotic drugs: Sleep laboratory studies . J Clin Pharmacol 17:207-213, 1977;.
10 +
Zarcone V:  Narcolepsy . N Engl J Med 288:1156-1166, 1973;.
11 +
Rechtschaffen A, Wolpert E, Dement WC, et al:  Nocturnal sleep of narcoleptics . Electroencephalogr Clin Neurophysiol 15:599-609, 1963;.
12 +
Kales A, Kales JD: Sleep disorders:  Recent findings in the diagnosis and treatment of disturbed sleep . N Engl J Med 290:487-499, 1974;.
13 +
Gastaut H, Broughton R:  A clinical and polygraphic study of episodic phenomena during sleep , in Wortis J (ed): Recent Advances in Biological Psychiatry . New York, Plenum Press Inc, 1965;, pp 197-221.
14 +
Fisher C, Kahn E, Edwards A, et al:  A psychophysiological study of nightmares and night terrors . Psychoanalysis Contemp Sci 3:317-398, 1974;.
15 +
Broughton RJ:  Sleep disorders: Disorders of arousal? Science 159:1070-1078, 1968;.
16 +
Kales J, Jacobson A, Paulson MJ, et al:  Somnambulism: Psychophysiological correlates: I. All-night EEG studies . Arch Gen Psychiatry 14:586-594, 1966;.
17 +
Starfield B:  Enuresis: Its pathogenesis and management . Clin Pediatr 11:343-350, 1972;.
18 +
Kales A, Kales JD, Jacobson A, et al:  Effects of imipramine on enuretic frequency and sleep stages . Pediatrics 60:431-436, 1977;.

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