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December 12, 1977, Vol 238, No. 24 >
ARTICLE | December 12, 1977

Hepatitis B Surface Antigen (HBsAg) and Antibody to HBsAg: Title and subTitle BreakPrevalence in Homosexual and Heterosexual Men FREE

Dale E. Dietzman, MD; James P. Harnisch, MD; C. George Ray, MD; E. Russell Alexander, MD; King K. Holmes, MD, PhD
[+] Author Affiliations

Reprint requests to the Division of Infectious Diseases, United States Public Health Service Hospital, 1131 14th Ave S, Seattle, WA 93114 (Dr Holmes).


JAMA. 1977;238(24):2625-2626. doi:10.1001/jama.1977.03280250051022
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References

The prevalence rates of serum hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) and antibody to HBsAg (anti-HBs) were 5.6% and 34% in 144 homosexual men in Seattle. Prevalence rates were only 0.9% and 3.6% in 111 heterosexual male venereal disease clinic patients with nongonococcal urethritis, and also 0.9% and 3.6% in 111 healthy men undergoing routine physical examinations. Thus, previous exposure to hepatitis B virus (HBV) was estimated to be 8.8 times greater for homosexual men than for heterosexual men. Four of four HBsAg positive sera from homosexual men were subtyped as "ad," whereas subtype "ay" is preponderant in intravenous drug abusers. Future public health measures to control HBV infection should address the prevention of sexually transmitted HBV infection among homosexual men.

(JAMA 238:2625-2626, 1977)

REFERENCES

1 +
Garibaldi RA, Hanson B, Gregg MB:  Impact of illicit drug-associated hepatitis on viral hepatitis morbidity reports in the United States . J Infect Dis 126:288-293, 1972;.
2 +
Jeffries DJ, James WH, Jefferiss FJG, et al:  Australia (hepatitis-associated) antigen in patients attending a veneral disease clinic . Br Med J 2:455-456, 1973;.
3 +
Fulford KWM, Dane DS, Catterall RD, et al:  Australia antigen and antibody among patients attending a clinic for sexually transmitted diseases . Lancet 1:1470-1473, 1973;.
4 +
Heathcote J, Sherlock S:  Spread of acute type-B hepatitis in London . Lancet 1:1468-1470, 1973;.
5 +
Vahrman J:  Spread of acute type-B hepatitis in London . Lancet 2:157, 1973;.
6 +
Smuzness W, Much MI, Prince AM, et al:  On the role of sexual behavior in the spread of hepatitis B infection . Ann Intern Med 83:489-495, 1975;.
7 +
Melnick JL, Dreesman GR, Hollinger FB:  Approaching the control of viral hepatitis type B . J Infect Dis 133:210-229, 1976;.
8 +
Ling CM, Overby LR:  Prevalence of hepatitis B virus antigen as revealed by direct radioimmunoassay with I125 antibody . J Immunol 109:834-841, 1972;.
9 +
LeBouvier GL:  The heterogeneity of Australia antigen . J Infect Dis 123:671-675, 1971;.
10 +
Vyas GM, Shulman NR:  Hemagglutination assay for antigen and antibody associated with viral hepatitis . Science 170:332-333, 1970;.
11 +
Barker LF, Peterson MR, Shulman NR, et al:  Antibody responses in viral hepatitis, type B . JAMA 223:1005-1008, 1973;.
12 +
Irwin GR, Allen AM, Segal HE, et al:  Persistence of antibody to hepatitis B surface antigen . J Clin Microbiol 3:465-468, 1976;.
13 +
Kinsey AC, Pomeroy WB, Martin CE: Sexual Behavior in the Human Male . Philadelphia, WB Saunders Co, 1948;, p 651.
14 +
Hunt M: Sexual Behavior in the 1970's . New York, Dell Publishing Co Inc, 1974;, pp 303-327.
15 +
Stevens CE, Beasley RP, Tsui J, et al:  Vertical transmission of hepatitis B antigen in Taiwan . N Engl J Med 292:771-774, 1975;.
16 +
Heathcote J, Cameron CH, Dane DS:  Hepatitis B antigen in saliva and semen . Lancet 1:71-73, 1974;.
17 +
Papaevangelou G, Trichopoulus D, Kremastenou T, et al:  Prevalence of hepatitis B antigen and antibody in prostitutes . Br Med J 2:256-258, 1974;.
18 +
Frosner GG, Buchholz HM, Gerth HJ:  Prevalence of hepatitis B antibody in prostitutes . Am J Epidemiol 102:241-250, 1975;.
19 +
Mosley JW:  The epidemiology of viral hepatitis: An overview . Am J Med Sci 270:253-270, 1975;.
20 +
Nielsen JO, LeBouvier GL:  Subtypes of Australia antigen among patients and healthy carriers in Copenhagen . N Engl J Med 288:1257-1261, 1973;.

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1 +
Garibaldi RA, Hanson B, Gregg MB:  Impact of illicit drug-associated hepatitis on viral hepatitis morbidity reports in the United States . J Infect Dis 126:288-293, 1972;.
2 +
Jeffries DJ, James WH, Jefferiss FJG, et al:  Australia (hepatitis-associated) antigen in patients attending a veneral disease clinic . Br Med J 2:455-456, 1973;.
3 +
Fulford KWM, Dane DS, Catterall RD, et al:  Australia antigen and antibody among patients attending a clinic for sexually transmitted diseases . Lancet 1:1470-1473, 1973;.
4 +
Heathcote J, Sherlock S:  Spread of acute type-B hepatitis in London . Lancet 1:1468-1470, 1973;.
5 +
Vahrman J:  Spread of acute type-B hepatitis in London . Lancet 2:157, 1973;.
6 +
Smuzness W, Much MI, Prince AM, et al:  On the role of sexual behavior in the spread of hepatitis B infection . Ann Intern Med 83:489-495, 1975;.
7 +
Melnick JL, Dreesman GR, Hollinger FB:  Approaching the control of viral hepatitis type B . J Infect Dis 133:210-229, 1976;.
8 +
Ling CM, Overby LR:  Prevalence of hepatitis B virus antigen as revealed by direct radioimmunoassay with I125 antibody . J Immunol 109:834-841, 1972;.
9 +
LeBouvier GL:  The heterogeneity of Australia antigen . J Infect Dis 123:671-675, 1971;.
10 +
Vyas GM, Shulman NR:  Hemagglutination assay for antigen and antibody associated with viral hepatitis . Science 170:332-333, 1970;.
11 +
Barker LF, Peterson MR, Shulman NR, et al:  Antibody responses in viral hepatitis, type B . JAMA 223:1005-1008, 1973;.
12 +
Irwin GR, Allen AM, Segal HE, et al:  Persistence of antibody to hepatitis B surface antigen . J Clin Microbiol 3:465-468, 1976;.
13 +
Kinsey AC, Pomeroy WB, Martin CE: Sexual Behavior in the Human Male . Philadelphia, WB Saunders Co, 1948;, p 651.
14 +
Hunt M: Sexual Behavior in the 1970's . New York, Dell Publishing Co Inc, 1974;, pp 303-327.
15 +
Stevens CE, Beasley RP, Tsui J, et al:  Vertical transmission of hepatitis B antigen in Taiwan . N Engl J Med 292:771-774, 1975;.
16 +
Heathcote J, Cameron CH, Dane DS:  Hepatitis B antigen in saliva and semen . Lancet 1:71-73, 1974;.
17 +
Papaevangelou G, Trichopoulus D, Kremastenou T, et al:  Prevalence of hepatitis B antigen and antibody in prostitutes . Br Med J 2:256-258, 1974;.
18 +
Frosner GG, Buchholz HM, Gerth HJ:  Prevalence of hepatitis B antibody in prostitutes . Am J Epidemiol 102:241-250, 1975;.
19 +
Mosley JW:  The epidemiology of viral hepatitis: An overview . Am J Med Sci 270:253-270, 1975;.
20 +
Nielsen JO, LeBouvier GL:  Subtypes of Australia antigen among patients and healthy carriers in Copenhagen . N Engl J Med 288:1257-1261, 1973;.

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