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ARTICLE |

Airflow Resistances of Endotracheal Tubes FREE

Robert R. Demers; Michael J. Sullivan; Joseph Paliotta
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JAMA. 1977;237(13):1362-1362. doi:10.1001/jama.1977.03270400066026
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An increase in airway resistance secondary to the retention of pulmonary secretions is commonly observed in acute respiratory failure and represents one of the cardinal indications for endotracheal intubation. Placement of an endotracheal tube promotes tracheal toilet by providing a patent airway through which copious or viscid secretions may be suctioned. On the other hand, it must be remembered that an endotracheal tube constitutes a flow-resistive element against which the ventilatory apparatus must work. Usually, this added work is of minor clinical consequence because the energy is furnished by a mechanical ventilator instead of the patient. In such a context, the facilitation of bronchial hygiene constitutes the highest priority. Once the patient is stabilized and the withdrawal of mechanical ventilatory support ("weaning") is contemplated, however, the net benefit of tube maintenance may become marginal or illusory.

A recent communication in JAMA1 has effectively emphasized the fact that the endotracheal

REFERENCES

Sahn SA, Lakshminarayan S, Petty TL:  Weaning from mechanical ventilation . JAMA 235:2208-2212, 1976;.
Sullivan M, Paliotta J, Saklad M:  The endotracheal tube as a factor in the measurement of respiratory mechanics .J Appl Physiol 41:590-592, 1976;.
Orkin LR, Siegel M, Rovenstine EA:  Resistance to breathing by apparatus used in anesthesia . Anesth Analg 33:217-233, 1954;.
Macintosh R, Mushin WW, Epstein HG: Physics for the Anaesthetist , ed 2. Oxford, Blackwell Scientific Publications, 1958;.
Karlson KE, Saklad M, Paliotta J, et al:  Computerized on-line analysis of pulmonary mechanics in patients undergoing cardiopulmonary bypass . Bull Soc Int Chir 34:121-125, 1975;.
Sahn SA, Lakshminarayan S:  Bedside criteria for discontinuation of mechanical ventilation . Chest 63:1002-1005, 1973;.
Downs JB, Klein EF Jr, Desautels D, et al:  Intermittent mandatory ventilation: A new approach to weaning patients from mechanical ventilators . Chest 64:331-335, 1973;.

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Sahn SA, Lakshminarayan S, Petty TL:  Weaning from mechanical ventilation . JAMA 235:2208-2212, 1976;.
Sullivan M, Paliotta J, Saklad M:  The endotracheal tube as a factor in the measurement of respiratory mechanics .J Appl Physiol 41:590-592, 1976;.
Orkin LR, Siegel M, Rovenstine EA:  Resistance to breathing by apparatus used in anesthesia . Anesth Analg 33:217-233, 1954;.
Macintosh R, Mushin WW, Epstein HG: Physics for the Anaesthetist , ed 2. Oxford, Blackwell Scientific Publications, 1958;.
Karlson KE, Saklad M, Paliotta J, et al:  Computerized on-line analysis of pulmonary mechanics in patients undergoing cardiopulmonary bypass . Bull Soc Int Chir 34:121-125, 1975;.
Sahn SA, Lakshminarayan S:  Bedside criteria for discontinuation of mechanical ventilation . Chest 63:1002-1005, 1973;.
Downs JB, Klein EF Jr, Desautels D, et al:  Intermittent mandatory ventilation: A new approach to weaning patients from mechanical ventilators . Chest 64:331-335, 1973;.
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