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ARTICLE |

Gastrointestinal Illness on Passenger Cruise Ships FREE

Michael H. Merson, MD; James M. Hughes, MD; Bruce T. Wood; John C. Yashuk, MS; Joy G. Wells
[+] Author Affiliations

Reprint requests to Bureau of Epidemiology, Center for Disease Control, 1600 Clifton Rd, Atlanta, GA 30333 (Dr. Merson).


JAMA. 1975;231(7):723-727. doi:10.1001/jama.1975.03240190027011
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Medical logs of 2,445 cruises taken by 38 vessels over a 20-month period beginning Jan 1, 1972, were reviewed. On 92% of the cruises, the recorded incidence of gastrointestinal illness was 1% or less; on 2% of cruises, it was 5% or greater. The actual incidence of gastrointestinal illness determined by a questionnaire survey of passengers sailing on nine cruises was found to be at least four times as high as that recorded in the medical logs. Although the cause of the illnesses was not known, there was evidence that transmission took place aboard ship. A survey of food-handling practices and water systems aboard selected ships demonstrated a significant potential for transmission of foodborne and waterborne disease.

(JAMA 231:723-727, 1975)

REFERENCES

Davies JW, Cox KG, Simon WR, et al:  Typhoid at sea: Epidemic aboard an ocean liner . Can Med Assoc J 106:877-883, 1972;.
 Shigellosis on a Caribbean cruise ship . Morbidity Mortality Weekly Rep 22:217-218, 1973;.
Morris GK, Koehler JA, Gangarosa EJ, et al:  Comparison of media for direct isolation and transport of Shigella from fecal specimens . Appl Microbiol 19:434-437, 1970;.
Galton MM, Morris GK, Martin WT: Salmonellae in Foods and Feeds: Review of Isolation Methods and Recommended Procedures . Atlanta, Center for Disease Control, 1968;.
Loewenstein MS, Balows A, Gangarosa EJ:  Turista at an international congress in Mexico . Lancet 1:529-531, 1973;.
Kean BH:  Turista in Teheran . Lancet 2:583-584, 1969;.
Rowe B, Taylor J, Bettlheim KA:  An investigation of travellers' diarrhea . Lancet 1:1-5, 1970;.
Shore EG, Dean AG, Holik KJ, et al:  Enterotoxin producing Escherichia coli and diarrheal disease in adult travelers: A prospective study . J Infect Dis 129:577-582, 1974;.
Lameureux LB: Guide to Ship Sanitation . Geneva, World Health Organization, 1967;.

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Country-Specific Mortality and Growth Failure in Infancy and Yound Children and Association With Material Stature

Use interactive graphics and maps to view and sort country-specific infant and early dhildhood mortality and growth failure data and their association with maternal

Davies JW, Cox KG, Simon WR, et al:  Typhoid at sea: Epidemic aboard an ocean liner . Can Med Assoc J 106:877-883, 1972;.
 Shigellosis on a Caribbean cruise ship . Morbidity Mortality Weekly Rep 22:217-218, 1973;.
Morris GK, Koehler JA, Gangarosa EJ, et al:  Comparison of media for direct isolation and transport of Shigella from fecal specimens . Appl Microbiol 19:434-437, 1970;.
Galton MM, Morris GK, Martin WT: Salmonellae in Foods and Feeds: Review of Isolation Methods and Recommended Procedures . Atlanta, Center for Disease Control, 1968;.
Loewenstein MS, Balows A, Gangarosa EJ:  Turista at an international congress in Mexico . Lancet 1:529-531, 1973;.
Kean BH:  Turista in Teheran . Lancet 2:583-584, 1969;.
Rowe B, Taylor J, Bettlheim KA:  An investigation of travellers' diarrhea . Lancet 1:1-5, 1970;.
Shore EG, Dean AG, Holik KJ, et al:  Enterotoxin producing Escherichia coli and diarrheal disease in adult travelers: A prospective study . J Infect Dis 129:577-582, 1974;.
Lameureux LB: Guide to Ship Sanitation . Geneva, World Health Organization, 1967;.
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