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January 27, 1975, Vol 231, No. 4 >
ARTICLE | January 27, 1975

Clofibrate and Niacin in Coronary Heart Disease FREE

[+] Author Affiliations

For a complete list of the key bodies of the Coronary Drug Project and senior staff members see p 380.

Reprint requests to Department of Community Health and Preventive Medicine, Northwestern University Medical School, 303 E Chicago Ave, Chicago, IL 60611 (Jeremiah Stamler, MD).


JAMA. 1975;231(4):360-381. doi:10.1001/jama.1975.03240160024021
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References

THE RELATIONSHIP of serum cholesterol level to prevalence, incidence, and mortality from coronary heart disease (CHD) has been demonstrated in many epidemiological studies.1-6 It is also known that serum cholesterol levels frequently can be influenced over long periods of time by available drugs. However, three key questions about such pharmaceutical agents need to be answered: Can they prevent the development of CHD? Can they prevent new CHD events or prolong life in persons already displaying clinical CHD? Are they reasonably free of adverse effects in long-term usage? The Coronary Drug Project—a nationwide collaborative study sponsored by the National Heart and Lung Institute—represents an extensive effort undertaken to answer the latter two of these questions with regard to men who have already experienced one or more verified episodes of myocardial infarction (MI).7-13

As previously reported, three of the Coronary Drug Project treatment regimens were discontinued before the scheduled completion

REFERENCES

1 +
Stamler J, Lindberg HA, Berkson DM, et al:  Prevalence and incidence of coronary heart disease in strata of the labor force of a Chicago industrial corporation . J Chronic Dis 11:405-420, 1960;.
2 +
Chapman JM, Massey FJ:  The interrelationship of serum cholesterol, hypertension, body weight,, and risk of coronary disease: Results of the first ten years' follow-up in the Los Angeles Heart Study . J Chronic Dis 17:933-949, 1964;.
3 +
Epstein FJ, Ostrander LD, Johnson BC, et al:  Epidemiological studies of cardiovascular disease in a total community—Tecumseh, Michigan . Ann Intern Med 62:1170-1187, 1965;.
4 +
Keys A (ed):  Coronary heart disease in seven countries . Circulation 41( (suppl 1) ):I1-I211, 1970;.
5 +
 Primary prevention of the atherosclerotic diseases, Inter-Society Commission for Heart Disease Resources . Circulation 42:A55-A95, 1970;.
6 +
Kannel WB, Castelli WP, Gordon T, et al:  Serum cholesterol, lipoproteins, and the risk of coronary heart disease . Ann Intern Med 74:1-12, 1971;.
7 +
 The Coronary Drug Project: Design, methods and baseline results, Coronary Drug Project Research Group . Circulation 47( (suppl 1) ):I1-I50, 1973;.
8 +
 The Coronary Drug Project: Initial findings leading to modifications of its research protocol, Coronary Drug Project Research Group . JAMA 214:1303-1313, 1970;.
9 +
 The Coronary Drug Project: Findings leading to further modifications of its protocol with respect to dextrothyroxine, Coronary Drug Project Research Group . JAMA 220:996-1008, 1972;.
10 +
 The Coronary Drug Project: Findings leading to discontinuation of the 2.5-mg/day estrogen group, Coronary Drug Project Research Group . JAMA 226:652-657, 1973;.
11 +
 The prognostic importance of the electrocardiogram after myocardial infarction: Experience in the Coronary Drug Project, Coronary Drug Project Research Group . Ann Intern Med 77:677-689, 1972;.
12 +
 Prognostic importance of premature beats following myocardial infarction: Experience in the Coronary Drug Project, Coronary Drug Project Research Group . JAMA 223:1116-1124, 1973;.
13 +
 Factors influencing long-term prognosis after recovery from myocardial infarction—three year findings of the Coronary Drug Project, Coronary Drug Project Research Group . J Chronic Dis 27:267-285, 1974;.
14 +
Criteria Committee of New York Heart Association: Diseases of the Heart and Blood Vessels: Nomenclature and Criteria for Diagnosis , ed 6. Boston, Little, Brown & Co, 1964;.
15 +
Armitage D: Statistical Methods in Medical Research . New York, John Wiley & Sons, Inc, 1971;.
16 +
Cox DR:  Regression models and life-tables . J R Statist Soc, series B , 34:187-202, 1972;.
17 +
Draper NR, Smith H: Applied Regression Analysis . New York, John Wiley & Sons, Inc, 1966;.
18 +
 Trial of clofibrate, in the treatment of ischaemic heart disease, Physicians of the New-castle upon Tyne Region . Br Med J 4:767-774, 1971;.
19 +
 Ischaemic heart disease: A secondary prevention trial using clofibrate, Research Committee of the Scottish Society of Physicians . Br Med J 4:775-784, 1971;.
20 +
Cotton RC:  The action of Atromid-S on lipids and other plasma factors which may be involved in arterial thrombosis . Acta Cardiol 15( (suppl) ):163-171, 1972;.
21 +
Hunninghake DB, Tucker DR, Azarnoff DL:  Long-term effects of clofibrate (Atromid-S) on serum lipids in men . Circulation 39:675-683, 1969;.
22 +
Marmorston J, Magdison O, Kuzma O, et al:  Estrogen therapy in men with myocardial infarction: Side-effects with increasing dosage and time . JAMA 174:241-244, 1960;.
23 +
Thorp JM:  An experimental approach to the problem of disordered lipid metabolism . J Atheroscler Res 3:351-360, 1963;.
24 +
Pertsemlidis D, Panveliwalla D, Ahrens EH:  Effects of clofibrate and of an estrogen-progestin combination on fasting biliary lipids and cholic acid kinetics in man . Gastroenterology 66:565-573, 1974;.
25 +
Berge KG, Achor RWP, Christensen NA, et al:  Hypercholesteremia and nicotinic acid . Am J Med 31:24-36, 1961;.
26 +
Mahl M, Lange K:  Long-term study of the effect of nicotinic acid medication on hypercholesterolemia . Am J Med Sci 246:673-677, 1963;.
27 +
Charman RC, Matthews LB, Braeuler C:  Nicotinic acid in the treatment of hypercholesterolemia . Angiology 23:29-35, 1972;.
28 +
Parsons WB Jr:  Activation of peptic ulcer by nicotinic acid: Report of five cases . JAMA 173:1466-1470, 1960;.
29 +
Parsons WB Jr:  Studies of nicotinic acid use in hypercholesterolemia . Arch Intern Med 107:653-667, 1971;.
30 +
Molnar GD, Berge KG, Rosevear JW, et al:  The effect of nicotinic acid in diabetes mellitus . Metabolism 13:181-190, 1964;.

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Country-Specific Mortality and Growth Failure in Infancy and Yound Children and Association With Material Stature

Use interactive graphics and maps to view and sort country-specific infant and early dhildhood mortality and growth failure data and their association with maternal

1 +
Stamler J, Lindberg HA, Berkson DM, et al:  Prevalence and incidence of coronary heart disease in strata of the labor force of a Chicago industrial corporation . J Chronic Dis 11:405-420, 1960;.
2 +
Chapman JM, Massey FJ:  The interrelationship of serum cholesterol, hypertension, body weight,, and risk of coronary disease: Results of the first ten years' follow-up in the Los Angeles Heart Study . J Chronic Dis 17:933-949, 1964;.
3 +
Epstein FJ, Ostrander LD, Johnson BC, et al:  Epidemiological studies of cardiovascular disease in a total community—Tecumseh, Michigan . Ann Intern Med 62:1170-1187, 1965;.
4 +
Keys A (ed):  Coronary heart disease in seven countries . Circulation 41( (suppl 1) ):I1-I211, 1970;.
5 +
 Primary prevention of the atherosclerotic diseases, Inter-Society Commission for Heart Disease Resources . Circulation 42:A55-A95, 1970;.
6 +
Kannel WB, Castelli WP, Gordon T, et al:  Serum cholesterol, lipoproteins, and the risk of coronary heart disease . Ann Intern Med 74:1-12, 1971;.
7 +
 The Coronary Drug Project: Design, methods and baseline results, Coronary Drug Project Research Group . Circulation 47( (suppl 1) ):I1-I50, 1973;.
8 +
 The Coronary Drug Project: Initial findings leading to modifications of its research protocol, Coronary Drug Project Research Group . JAMA 214:1303-1313, 1970;.
9 +
 The Coronary Drug Project: Findings leading to further modifications of its protocol with respect to dextrothyroxine, Coronary Drug Project Research Group . JAMA 220:996-1008, 1972;.
10 +
 The Coronary Drug Project: Findings leading to discontinuation of the 2.5-mg/day estrogen group, Coronary Drug Project Research Group . JAMA 226:652-657, 1973;.
11 +
 The prognostic importance of the electrocardiogram after myocardial infarction: Experience in the Coronary Drug Project, Coronary Drug Project Research Group . Ann Intern Med 77:677-689, 1972;.
12 +
 Prognostic importance of premature beats following myocardial infarction: Experience in the Coronary Drug Project, Coronary Drug Project Research Group . JAMA 223:1116-1124, 1973;.
13 +
 Factors influencing long-term prognosis after recovery from myocardial infarction—three year findings of the Coronary Drug Project, Coronary Drug Project Research Group . J Chronic Dis 27:267-285, 1974;.
14 +
Criteria Committee of New York Heart Association: Diseases of the Heart and Blood Vessels: Nomenclature and Criteria for Diagnosis , ed 6. Boston, Little, Brown & Co, 1964;.
15 +
Armitage D: Statistical Methods in Medical Research . New York, John Wiley & Sons, Inc, 1971;.
16 +
Cox DR:  Regression models and life-tables . J R Statist Soc, series B , 34:187-202, 1972;.
17 +
Draper NR, Smith H: Applied Regression Analysis . New York, John Wiley & Sons, Inc, 1966;.
18 +
 Trial of clofibrate, in the treatment of ischaemic heart disease, Physicians of the New-castle upon Tyne Region . Br Med J 4:767-774, 1971;.
19 +
 Ischaemic heart disease: A secondary prevention trial using clofibrate, Research Committee of the Scottish Society of Physicians . Br Med J 4:775-784, 1971;.
20 +
Cotton RC:  The action of Atromid-S on lipids and other plasma factors which may be involved in arterial thrombosis . Acta Cardiol 15( (suppl) ):163-171, 1972;.
21 +
Hunninghake DB, Tucker DR, Azarnoff DL:  Long-term effects of clofibrate (Atromid-S) on serum lipids in men . Circulation 39:675-683, 1969;.
22 +
Marmorston J, Magdison O, Kuzma O, et al:  Estrogen therapy in men with myocardial infarction: Side-effects with increasing dosage and time . JAMA 174:241-244, 1960;.
23 +
Thorp JM:  An experimental approach to the problem of disordered lipid metabolism . J Atheroscler Res 3:351-360, 1963;.
24 +
Pertsemlidis D, Panveliwalla D, Ahrens EH:  Effects of clofibrate and of an estrogen-progestin combination on fasting biliary lipids and cholic acid kinetics in man . Gastroenterology 66:565-573, 1974;.
25 +
Berge KG, Achor RWP, Christensen NA, et al:  Hypercholesteremia and nicotinic acid . Am J Med 31:24-36, 1961;.
26 +
Mahl M, Lange K:  Long-term study of the effect of nicotinic acid medication on hypercholesterolemia . Am J Med Sci 246:673-677, 1963;.
27 +
Charman RC, Matthews LB, Braeuler C:  Nicotinic acid in the treatment of hypercholesterolemia . Angiology 23:29-35, 1972;.
28 +
Parsons WB Jr:  Activation of peptic ulcer by nicotinic acid: Report of five cases . JAMA 173:1466-1470, 1960;.
29 +
Parsons WB Jr:  Studies of nicotinic acid use in hypercholesterolemia . Arch Intern Med 107:653-667, 1971;.
30 +
Molnar GD, Berge KG, Rosevear JW, et al:  The effect of nicotinic acid in diabetes mellitus . Metabolism 13:181-190, 1964;.

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