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September 23, 1974, Vol 229, No. 13 >
ARTICLE | September 23, 1974

Laboratory Test Results Altered by "The Pill" FREE

Howard Weindling, MD; John B. Henry, MD
[+] Author Affiliations

Reprint requests to 750 E Adams St, Syracuse, NY 13210 (Dr. Weindling).


JAMA. 1974;229(13):1762-1768. doi:10.1001/jama.1974.03230510036019
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References

Oral contraceptive agents have many diverse and important extragenital effects, as manifested by alterations in laboratory test results. Drug therapy, as with oral contraceptive agents, is only one of many variables that must be considered in the knowledgeable interpretation and application of laboratory-generated data.

(JAMA 229:1762-1768, 1974)

REFERENCES

1 +
Goldzieher J, et al:  A cross sectional study of plasma FSH and LH levels in women using sequential, combination, or injectable steroid contraceptives over long periods of time . Contraception 2:225-248, 1970;.
2 +
AMA Department of Drugs: AMA Drug Evaluations , ed 2. Acton, Mass, Publishing Sciences Group, Inc, 1973;, pp 411-433.
3 +
Craft I, Peters T:  Quantitative changes in plasma amino acids induced by oral contraceptives . Clin Sci 41:301-307, 1971;.
4 +
Honger PE, Rossing N:  Albumin metabolism and oral contraception . Clin Sci 36:41-45, 1969;.
5 +
Barbosa J, Seal US, Doe RP:  Effects of anabolic steroids on haptoglobin, orosomucoid, plasminogen, fibrinogen, transferrin, ceruloplasmin, α1-antitrypsin, β-glucuronidase, and total serum proteins . J Clin Endocrinol Metab 33:388-398, 1971;.
6 +
Lipsett MB, et al:  Problems in contraception . Ann of Intern Med 74:251-263, 1971;.
7 +
Bingel AS, Benoit PS:  Oral contraceptives: Therapeutics versus adverse reactions with an outlook for the future (pt 2) . J Pharm Sci 62:349-363, 1973;.
8 +
Beckerhoff R, et al:  Plasma aldosterone during oral contraceptive therapy . Lancet 2:1218-1219, 1973;.
9 +
Skinner SL, Lumbers ER, Symonds EM:  Alteration by oral contraceptives of normal menstrual changes in plasma renin activity, concentration, and substrate . Clin Sci 36:67-76, 1969;.
10 +
Carey HM:  Principles of oral contraception (pt 2): Side effects of oral contraceptives . Med J Aust 2:1242-1250, 1971;.
11 +
Haller J:  A review of the long-term effects of hormonal contraceptives . Contraception 1:233-251, 1970;.
12 +
Larsson-Cohn U:  The two hour sulfobromphthalein retention test and the transaminase activity during oral contraceptive therapy . Am J Obstet Gynecol 98:188-193, 1967;.
13 +
Larsson-Cohn U, Stenram U:  Liver ultrastructure and function in icteric and nonicteric women using oral contraceptive agents . Acta Med Scand 181:257-264, 1967;.
14 +
Beck RP, et al:  Adrenocortical function studies during the normal menstrual cycle and in women receiving norethindrone with and without mestranol . Am J Obstet Gynecol 112:364-368, 1972;.
15 +
Dawkjaer-Nielsen M, Binder C, Starup J:  Urinary excretion of different corticosteroid metabolites in oral contraception and pregnancy . Acta Endocrinol 60:473-485, 1969;.
16 +
Mestman JH, Anderson GV, Nelson DH:  Adrenal pituitary responsiveness during therapy with an oral contraceptive . Obstet Gynecol 31:378-386, 1968;.
17 +
Bulbrook RD, et al:  Effect of steroidal contraceptives on levels of plasma androgen sulphates and cortisol . Lancet 1:628-631, 1973;.
18 +
Schatz DL, Palter HC, Russell CS:  Effects of oral contraceptives and pregnancy on thyroid function . Can Med Assoc J 99:882-886, 1968;.
19 +
Wynn V, Doar JWH:  Some effects of oral contraceptives on carbohydrate metabolism . Lancet 2:761-765, 1969;.
20 +
Phillips N, Duffy T:  One hour glucose tolerance in relation to the use of contraceptive drugs . Am J Obstet Gynecol 116:91-100, 1973;.
21 +
Davidson M, Holzman GB:  Role of growth hormone in the alteration of carbohydrate metabolism induced by oral contraceptive agents . J Clin Endocrinol Metab 36:246-255, 1973;.
22 +
Hazzard WR, Spiger MJ, Bierman EL:  Studies on the mechanism of hypertriglyceridemia induced by oral contraceptives , in Salhanick H, Kipnis D, VandeWiele R (eds): Metabolic Effects of Gonadal Hormones and Contraceptive Steroids . New York, Plenum Press, 1969;, pp 232-241.
23 +
Beck P:  Contraceptive steroids: Modifications of carbohydrate and lipid metabolism . Metabolism 22:841-855, 1973;.
24 +
Doar JWH, Wynn V:  Effects of obesity, glucocorticoid, and oral contraceptive therapy on plasma glucose and blood pyruvate levels . Br Med J 1:149-152, 1970;.
25 +
Wynn V, Doar JWH, Mills GL:  Some effects of oral contraceptives on serum lipid and lipoprotein levels . Lancet 2:720-723, 1966;.
26 +
Kekki M, Nikkila EA:  Plasma triglyceride turnover during use of oral contraceptives . Metabolism 20:878-889, 1971;.
27 +
Wynn V, et al:  Fasting serum triglyceride, cholesterol, and lipoprotein levels during oralcontraceptive therapy . Lancet 2:756-760, 1969;.
28 +
McQueen E:  Hormonal steroid contraceptives (pt 3): Adverse reactions . Drugs 2:20-44, 1971;.
29 +
Fisch I, Freedman S, Pellegrin F:  Effect of oral contraceptives on the thromboelastogram . Clin Pharmacol Ther 14:238-244, 1973;.
30 +
Zuck TF, et al:  Implications of depressed antithrombin III activity associated with oral contraceptives . Surg Gynecol Obstet 133:609-612, 1971;.
31 +
Hougie C:  Thromboembolism and oral contraceptives . Am Heart J 85:538-545, 1973;.
32 +
Streiff RR:  Folate deficiency and oral contraceptives . JAMA 214:105-108, 1970;.
33 +
Shojania AM, Hornady GJ, Barnes PH:  The effect of oral contraceptives on folate metabolism . Am J Obstet Gynecol 111:782-791, 1971;.
34 +
Briggs M, Briggs M:  Endocrine effects on serum vitamin B12 . Lancet 2:1037, 1972;.
35 +
Fisch IR, Freedman SH:  Oral contraceptives and the red blood cell . Clin Pharmacol Ther 14:245-249, 1973;.
36 +
Koskelo P, Eisalo A, Toivonen I:  Urinary excertion of porphyrin precursors and coproporphyrin in healthy females on oral contraceptives . Br Med J 1:652-654, 1966;.
37 +
Adams PW, et al:  Effect of pyridoxine hydrochloride (vitamin B6) upon depression associated with oral contraception . Lancet 1:897-904, 1973;.
38 +
Jacobi JM, Powell LW, Gaffney TJ:  Immunochemical quantitation of human transferrin in pregnancy and during administration of oral contraceptives. Br J Haematol 17:503-509, 1968;.
39 +
Schenker JG, Ben-Yoseph Y, Shapira E:  Erythrocyte carbonic anhydrase B levels during pregnancy and use of oral contraceptives . Obstet Gynecol 39:237-240, 1972;.
40 +
Winkelman JW, et al:  Estimation of norms from a controlled sample survey. II: Influence of body habitus, oral contraceptives, and other factors on values for the normal range derived from the SMA 12/60 screening group of tests . Clinical Chem 19:488-491, 1973;.
41 +
Henry JB, Krieg AF:  Endocrine measurements , in Davidson I, Henry JB (eds): Clinical Diagnosis by Laboratory Methods , ed 15. Philadelphia, WB Saunders Co, 1974;, pp 745, 759.

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1 +
Goldzieher J, et al:  A cross sectional study of plasma FSH and LH levels in women using sequential, combination, or injectable steroid contraceptives over long periods of time . Contraception 2:225-248, 1970;.
2 +
AMA Department of Drugs: AMA Drug Evaluations , ed 2. Acton, Mass, Publishing Sciences Group, Inc, 1973;, pp 411-433.
3 +
Craft I, Peters T:  Quantitative changes in plasma amino acids induced by oral contraceptives . Clin Sci 41:301-307, 1971;.
4 +
Honger PE, Rossing N:  Albumin metabolism and oral contraception . Clin Sci 36:41-45, 1969;.
5 +
Barbosa J, Seal US, Doe RP:  Effects of anabolic steroids on haptoglobin, orosomucoid, plasminogen, fibrinogen, transferrin, ceruloplasmin, α1-antitrypsin, β-glucuronidase, and total serum proteins . J Clin Endocrinol Metab 33:388-398, 1971;.
6 +
Lipsett MB, et al:  Problems in contraception . Ann of Intern Med 74:251-263, 1971;.
7 +
Bingel AS, Benoit PS:  Oral contraceptives: Therapeutics versus adverse reactions with an outlook for the future (pt 2) . J Pharm Sci 62:349-363, 1973;.
8 +
Beckerhoff R, et al:  Plasma aldosterone during oral contraceptive therapy . Lancet 2:1218-1219, 1973;.
9 +
Skinner SL, Lumbers ER, Symonds EM:  Alteration by oral contraceptives of normal menstrual changes in plasma renin activity, concentration, and substrate . Clin Sci 36:67-76, 1969;.
10 +
Carey HM:  Principles of oral contraception (pt 2): Side effects of oral contraceptives . Med J Aust 2:1242-1250, 1971;.
11 +
Haller J:  A review of the long-term effects of hormonal contraceptives . Contraception 1:233-251, 1970;.
12 +
Larsson-Cohn U:  The two hour sulfobromphthalein retention test and the transaminase activity during oral contraceptive therapy . Am J Obstet Gynecol 98:188-193, 1967;.
13 +
Larsson-Cohn U, Stenram U:  Liver ultrastructure and function in icteric and nonicteric women using oral contraceptive agents . Acta Med Scand 181:257-264, 1967;.
14 +
Beck RP, et al:  Adrenocortical function studies during the normal menstrual cycle and in women receiving norethindrone with and without mestranol . Am J Obstet Gynecol 112:364-368, 1972;.
15 +
Dawkjaer-Nielsen M, Binder C, Starup J:  Urinary excretion of different corticosteroid metabolites in oral contraception and pregnancy . Acta Endocrinol 60:473-485, 1969;.
16 +
Mestman JH, Anderson GV, Nelson DH:  Adrenal pituitary responsiveness during therapy with an oral contraceptive . Obstet Gynecol 31:378-386, 1968;.
17 +
Bulbrook RD, et al:  Effect of steroidal contraceptives on levels of plasma androgen sulphates and cortisol . Lancet 1:628-631, 1973;.
18 +
Schatz DL, Palter HC, Russell CS:  Effects of oral contraceptives and pregnancy on thyroid function . Can Med Assoc J 99:882-886, 1968;.
19 +
Wynn V, Doar JWH:  Some effects of oral contraceptives on carbohydrate metabolism . Lancet 2:761-765, 1969;.
20 +
Phillips N, Duffy T:  One hour glucose tolerance in relation to the use of contraceptive drugs . Am J Obstet Gynecol 116:91-100, 1973;.
21 +
Davidson M, Holzman GB:  Role of growth hormone in the alteration of carbohydrate metabolism induced by oral contraceptive agents . J Clin Endocrinol Metab 36:246-255, 1973;.
22 +
Hazzard WR, Spiger MJ, Bierman EL:  Studies on the mechanism of hypertriglyceridemia induced by oral contraceptives , in Salhanick H, Kipnis D, VandeWiele R (eds): Metabolic Effects of Gonadal Hormones and Contraceptive Steroids . New York, Plenum Press, 1969;, pp 232-241.
23 +
Beck P:  Contraceptive steroids: Modifications of carbohydrate and lipid metabolism . Metabolism 22:841-855, 1973;.
24 +
Doar JWH, Wynn V:  Effects of obesity, glucocorticoid, and oral contraceptive therapy on plasma glucose and blood pyruvate levels . Br Med J 1:149-152, 1970;.
25 +
Wynn V, Doar JWH, Mills GL:  Some effects of oral contraceptives on serum lipid and lipoprotein levels . Lancet 2:720-723, 1966;.
26 +
Kekki M, Nikkila EA:  Plasma triglyceride turnover during use of oral contraceptives . Metabolism 20:878-889, 1971;.
27 +
Wynn V, et al:  Fasting serum triglyceride, cholesterol, and lipoprotein levels during oralcontraceptive therapy . Lancet 2:756-760, 1969;.
28 +
McQueen E:  Hormonal steroid contraceptives (pt 3): Adverse reactions . Drugs 2:20-44, 1971;.
29 +
Fisch I, Freedman S, Pellegrin F:  Effect of oral contraceptives on the thromboelastogram . Clin Pharmacol Ther 14:238-244, 1973;.
30 +
Zuck TF, et al:  Implications of depressed antithrombin III activity associated with oral contraceptives . Surg Gynecol Obstet 133:609-612, 1971;.
31 +
Hougie C:  Thromboembolism and oral contraceptives . Am Heart J 85:538-545, 1973;.
32 +
Streiff RR:  Folate deficiency and oral contraceptives . JAMA 214:105-108, 1970;.
33 +
Shojania AM, Hornady GJ, Barnes PH:  The effect of oral contraceptives on folate metabolism . Am J Obstet Gynecol 111:782-791, 1971;.
34 +
Briggs M, Briggs M:  Endocrine effects on serum vitamin B12 . Lancet 2:1037, 1972;.
35 +
Fisch IR, Freedman SH:  Oral contraceptives and the red blood cell . Clin Pharmacol Ther 14:245-249, 1973;.
36 +
Koskelo P, Eisalo A, Toivonen I:  Urinary excertion of porphyrin precursors and coproporphyrin in healthy females on oral contraceptives . Br Med J 1:652-654, 1966;.
37 +
Adams PW, et al:  Effect of pyridoxine hydrochloride (vitamin B6) upon depression associated with oral contraception . Lancet 1:897-904, 1973;.
38 +
Jacobi JM, Powell LW, Gaffney TJ:  Immunochemical quantitation of human transferrin in pregnancy and during administration of oral contraceptives. Br J Haematol 17:503-509, 1968;.
39 +
Schenker JG, Ben-Yoseph Y, Shapira E:  Erythrocyte carbonic anhydrase B levels during pregnancy and use of oral contraceptives . Obstet Gynecol 39:237-240, 1972;.
40 +
Winkelman JW, et al:  Estimation of norms from a controlled sample survey. II: Influence of body habitus, oral contraceptives, and other factors on values for the normal range derived from the SMA 12/60 screening group of tests . Clinical Chem 19:488-491, 1973;.
41 +
Henry JB, Krieg AF:  Endocrine measurements , in Davidson I, Henry JB (eds): Clinical Diagnosis by Laboratory Methods , ed 15. Philadelphia, WB Saunders Co, 1974;, pp 745, 759.

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