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May 8, 1972, Vol 220, No. 6 >
ARTICLE | May 8, 1972

Iron in Enriched Wheat Flour, Farina, Bread, Buns, and Rolls FREE

[+] Author Affiliations

This statement has been accepted for publication by the Council—Philip L. White, ScD, Secretary.

Reprint requests to Council on Foods and Nutrition, American Medical Association 535 N Dearborn St, Chicago 60610 (Philip L. White, ScD).


JAMA. 1972;220(6):855-859. doi:10.1001/jama.1972.03200060079020
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References

The enrichment of flour and bread with vitamins and iron has been practiced since around 1940, begun then as a result of measures taken to handle the food emergency created by war. The levels of enrichment now being used have been in effect since 1943.

Public health measures to enhance the nutritive values of the American diet have, however, often met with some resistance. Long and costly hearings preceded the promulgation of the standards of identity for enrichment. The Food and Drug Administration (FDA) recently proposed a revision of the current standards which have been the legal basis for enrichment for nearly 30 years. Even as there was resistance to the issuance of standards then, there is now resistance to their change, but this time the resistance is arising primarily from a number of members of the medical profession.

On Dec 3, 1971 in the Federal Register,1 the FDA

REFERENCES

1 +
 Wheat flour and related products and baked products . Federal Register 36:23074, 1971;.
2 +
Title 21, Code of Federal Regulations, part 17, section 17.3,17.4,17.5. US Government Printing House, 1971.
3 +
Food Intake and Nutritive Value of Diets of Men, Women and Children in the United States, Spring 1965: A Preliminary Report , Agricultural Research Service Report 62-18. US Dept of Agriculture, 1969;.
4 +
 Nutritional quality guidelines for foods . Federal Register 36:24822, 1971;.
5 +
 Food for special dietary uses: Findings of fact and conclusions and final order regarding label statements relating to infant food . Federal Register 36:23553, 1971;.
6 +
Goldsmith GA, Darby WJ, Steinkamp RC, et al:  Resurvey of nutritional status in Norris Point, Newfoundland . J Nutr 40:41-70, 1950;.
7 +
Requirements of Ascorbic Acid, Vitamin D, Vitamin B12, Folate and Iron: Report of a Joint FAO/WHO Expert Group , FAO Nutrition Meetings Report Series 47 and WHO Technical Report Series 452. Rome, Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, 1970;.
8 +
Ten-State Nutrition Survey in the United States, 1968-1970: Preliminary Report to the Congress . Atlanta, Public Health Service Center for Disease Control, 1971;.
9 +
 Iron deficiency anemia in the United States: A report of the Committee on Iron Deficiency, AMA Council on Foods and Nutrition . JAMA 203:407-412, 1968;.
10 +
Moore C, Dubach R:  Metabolism and requirements of iron in the human . JAMA 162:27-46, 1956;.
11 +
Recommended Dietary Allowances, Seventh Revised Edition: A Report of the Food and Nutrition Board , (publication 1694). National Academy of Sciences-National Research Council, 1968;.
12 +
Proposed increases in iron enrichment of flour and bread, Public Letter, Secretary of AMA Council on Foods and Nutrition to Hearing Clerk, HEW, Jan 27,1972.
13 +
Recommendation for Increased Iron Levels in the American Diet: A Statement of the Food and Nutrition Board . National Academy of Sciences-National Research Council, 1969;.
14 +
White House Conference on Food, Nutrition and Health: Final Report, April 1970 (recommendations of Panels II-3, IV-1, and VI-A-2). US Government Printing Office, 1970.
15 +
 Cereal flours and related products and bakery products . Federal Register 36:5412, 1970;.
16 +
Proposed increases in iron enrichment of flour and bread, Public Letter, Secretary of the AMA Council on Foods and Nutrition to the Hearing Clerk, HEW, May 25, 1970.
17 +
Comments on letters opposing increases in iron enrichment of flour and bread, Public Letter, Secretary of the AMA Council on Foods and Nutrition to Mr. J. William Boehne, FDA, July 13, 1970.
18 +
A Review of the Significance of Dietary Iron on Iron Storage Phenomena: A Report of the Life Science Research Office . Bethesda, Md, Federation of American Societies for Experimental Biology, to be published.
19 +
Clinical Research Protocols to Elucidate the Possible Hazards of Increased Iron Enrichment of Cereal Products: A Report of the Life Sciences Research Office . Bethesda, Md, Federation of American Societies for Experimental Biology, to be published.
20 +
Economic Research Service: Food Consumption, Prices, Expenditures , agricultural economic report 138. US Dept of Agriculture, 1968;, p 57.
21 +
Economic Research Service: Food Consumption, Prices, Expenditures: Supplement for 1970 , agricultural economic report 138. US Dept of Agriculture, 1971;, p 17.
22 +
Finch CA, Monsen ER:  Iron nutrition and the fortification of food with iron . JAMA 219:1462-1465, 1972;.
23 +
Martinez-Torres C, Layrisse M:  Iron absorption from veal muscle . Amer J Clin Nutr 24:531-540, 1971;.
24 +
Layrisse M, Martinez-Torres C:  Food iron absorption: Iron supplementation of food . Progr Hemat 7:137-160, 1971;.
25 +
O'Neil RM, Johnson OC, Schaefer AE:  Guidelines for classification and interpretation of group blood and urine data collected as part of the National Nutrition Survey . Pediat Res 4:103-106, 1970;.

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Country-Specific Mortality and Growth Failure in Infancy and Yound Children and Association With Material Stature

Use interactive graphics and maps to view and sort country-specific infant and early dhildhood mortality and growth failure data and their association with maternal

1 +
 Wheat flour and related products and baked products . Federal Register 36:23074, 1971;.
2 +
Title 21, Code of Federal Regulations, part 17, section 17.3,17.4,17.5. US Government Printing House, 1971.
3 +
Food Intake and Nutritive Value of Diets of Men, Women and Children in the United States, Spring 1965: A Preliminary Report , Agricultural Research Service Report 62-18. US Dept of Agriculture, 1969;.
4 +
 Nutritional quality guidelines for foods . Federal Register 36:24822, 1971;.
5 +
 Food for special dietary uses: Findings of fact and conclusions and final order regarding label statements relating to infant food . Federal Register 36:23553, 1971;.
6 +
Goldsmith GA, Darby WJ, Steinkamp RC, et al:  Resurvey of nutritional status in Norris Point, Newfoundland . J Nutr 40:41-70, 1950;.
7 +
Requirements of Ascorbic Acid, Vitamin D, Vitamin B12, Folate and Iron: Report of a Joint FAO/WHO Expert Group , FAO Nutrition Meetings Report Series 47 and WHO Technical Report Series 452. Rome, Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, 1970;.
8 +
Ten-State Nutrition Survey in the United States, 1968-1970: Preliminary Report to the Congress . Atlanta, Public Health Service Center for Disease Control, 1971;.
9 +
 Iron deficiency anemia in the United States: A report of the Committee on Iron Deficiency, AMA Council on Foods and Nutrition . JAMA 203:407-412, 1968;.
10 +
Moore C, Dubach R:  Metabolism and requirements of iron in the human . JAMA 162:27-46, 1956;.
11 +
Recommended Dietary Allowances, Seventh Revised Edition: A Report of the Food and Nutrition Board , (publication 1694). National Academy of Sciences-National Research Council, 1968;.
12 +
Proposed increases in iron enrichment of flour and bread, Public Letter, Secretary of AMA Council on Foods and Nutrition to Hearing Clerk, HEW, Jan 27,1972.
13 +
Recommendation for Increased Iron Levels in the American Diet: A Statement of the Food and Nutrition Board . National Academy of Sciences-National Research Council, 1969;.
14 +
White House Conference on Food, Nutrition and Health: Final Report, April 1970 (recommendations of Panels II-3, IV-1, and VI-A-2). US Government Printing Office, 1970.
15 +
 Cereal flours and related products and bakery products . Federal Register 36:5412, 1970;.
16 +
Proposed increases in iron enrichment of flour and bread, Public Letter, Secretary of the AMA Council on Foods and Nutrition to the Hearing Clerk, HEW, May 25, 1970.
17 +
Comments on letters opposing increases in iron enrichment of flour and bread, Public Letter, Secretary of the AMA Council on Foods and Nutrition to Mr. J. William Boehne, FDA, July 13, 1970.
18 +
A Review of the Significance of Dietary Iron on Iron Storage Phenomena: A Report of the Life Science Research Office . Bethesda, Md, Federation of American Societies for Experimental Biology, to be published.
19 +
Clinical Research Protocols to Elucidate the Possible Hazards of Increased Iron Enrichment of Cereal Products: A Report of the Life Sciences Research Office . Bethesda, Md, Federation of American Societies for Experimental Biology, to be published.
20 +
Economic Research Service: Food Consumption, Prices, Expenditures , agricultural economic report 138. US Dept of Agriculture, 1968;, p 57.
21 +
Economic Research Service: Food Consumption, Prices, Expenditures: Supplement for 1970 , agricultural economic report 138. US Dept of Agriculture, 1971;, p 17.
22 +
Finch CA, Monsen ER:  Iron nutrition and the fortification of food with iron . JAMA 219:1462-1465, 1972;.
23 +
Martinez-Torres C, Layrisse M:  Iron absorption from veal muscle . Amer J Clin Nutr 24:531-540, 1971;.
24 +
Layrisse M, Martinez-Torres C:  Food iron absorption: Iron supplementation of food . Progr Hemat 7:137-160, 1971;.
25 +
O'Neil RM, Johnson OC, Schaefer AE:  Guidelines for classification and interpretation of group blood and urine data collected as part of the National Nutrition Survey . Pediat Res 4:103-106, 1970;.

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