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December 13, 1971, Vol 218, No. 11 >
ARTICLE | December 13, 1971

Resistance Against Staphyloccus aureus FREE

Stuart Mudd, MD
[+] Author Affiliations

Reprint requests to Veterans Administration Hospital, University and Woodland avenues, Philadelphia 19104 (Dr. Mudd).


JAMA. 1971;218(11):1671-1673. doi:10.1001/jama.1971.03190240025006
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References

Protection against the invasiveness of Staphylococcus aureus has been sought for many decades through use of staphylococcal vaccines. The assumption has been that circulating antibodies could be called up to promote phagocytosis and killing of Staph aureus, in analogy with the effects of antibodies against streptococci and pneumococci. Results have been disappointing, for the reason that the underlying assumption is not true. Explanation lies in the peculiar immunochemistry of the surface of the staphylococcal cell. Fortunately, however, the special attributes of Staph aureus do offer promise in the guise of cell-mediated resistance. A high proportion of human subjects are colonized or infected with Staph aureus and, in consequence, have allergy, characterized by delayed-type hypersensitivity to Staph aureus. Cell-mediated resistance can be elicited by appropriate administration of staphylococcal antigens; such antigens are licensed and in use.

REFERENCES

1 +
Wright AE, Douglas SR:  An experimental investigation of the role of the blood fluids in connection with phagocytosis . Proc Roy Soc 72:357-370, 1903;.
2 +
Lenhart NA, Mudd S, Yoshida A, et al:  The common protein agglutinogen of Staphylococcus aureus . J Immunol 91:771-776, 1963;.
3 +
Smith DT:  Autogenous vaccines in theory and in practice . Arch Intern Med 125:344-350, 1970;.
4 +
Shayegani M:  Failure of immune sera to enhance significantly phagocytosis of Staphylococcus aureus: Non-specific adsorption of phagocytosis-promoting factors . Infect Immun 2:742-749, 1970;.
5 +
Laxdal T, Messner RP, Williams RC Jr, et al:  Opsonic, agglutinating and complement-fixing antibodies in patients with subacute bacterial endocarditis . J Lab Clin Med 71:638-653, 1968;.
6 +
Williams RC Jr, Dossett JH, Quie PG:  Comparative studies of immunoglobulin opsonins in osteomyelitis and other established infections . Immunology 17:249-265, 1969;.
7 +
Quie PG, Messner RP, Williams RC Jr.  Phagocytosis in subacute bacterial endocarditis: Localization of the primary opsonic site of Fc fragment . J Exper Med 128:553-570, 1968;.
8 +
Mudd S:  A successful parasite: Parasite-host interaction in infection by Staphylococcus aureus , in Mudd S (ed): Infectious Agents and Host Reactions . Philadelphia, WB Saunders Co, 1970;.
9 +
Forsgren A, Sjöquist J:  "Protein A" from S aureus: I. Pseudo-immune reaction with human γ-globulin . J Immunol 97:822-827, 1966;.
10 +
Kronvall G, Frommel D:  Definition of staphylococcal protein A reactivity for human immunoglobulin G fragments . Immunochem 7:124-127, 1970;.
11 +
Shayegani M, Hisatsune K, Mudd S:  Cell wall component which affects the ability of serum to promote phagocytosis and killing of Staphylococcus aureus . Infect Immun 2:750-756, 1970;.
12 +
Good RA, Finstad J, Gatti RA:  Bulwarks of the bodily defense , in Mudd S (ed): Infectious Agents and Host Reactions . Philadelphia, WB Saunders Co, 1970;, pp 76-114.
13 +
Mackaness GB:  The influence of immunologically committeed lymphoid cells on macrophage activity in vivo . J Exper Med 129:973-992, 1969;.
14 +
Mudd S, Taubler JH, Baker AG:  Delayedtype hypersensitivity to Staphylococcus aureus in human subjects . J Reticuloend Soc 8:493-498, 1970;
15 +
Rev Allergy 25:218, 1971;.
16 +
Lenhart N, Mudd S:  The staplylococcidal capability of rabbit macrophages . Proc Amer Soc Microbiol M276:110, 1971;.
17 +
Baker AG:  The treatment of chronic bronchial asthma . Amer Pract Dig Treat 9:591-598, 1958;.
18 +
Baker AG:  Staphylococcus bacteriophage lysate. Topical and parenteral use in allergic patients . Penn Med J 66:25-28, 1963;.
19 +
Salmon GG Jr, Symonds M:  Staphage lysate therapy in chronic staphylococcal infections . J Med Soc NJ 60:188-193, 1963;.
20 +
Mudd S, Gladstone GP, Lenhart NA:  The antigenecity in man of staphylococcal leucocidin toxoid, with notes on therapeutic immunization in chronic osteomyelitis . Brit J Exper Pathol 46:455-472, 1965;.

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1 +
Wright AE, Douglas SR:  An experimental investigation of the role of the blood fluids in connection with phagocytosis . Proc Roy Soc 72:357-370, 1903;.
2 +
Lenhart NA, Mudd S, Yoshida A, et al:  The common protein agglutinogen of Staphylococcus aureus . J Immunol 91:771-776, 1963;.
3 +
Smith DT:  Autogenous vaccines in theory and in practice . Arch Intern Med 125:344-350, 1970;.
4 +
Shayegani M:  Failure of immune sera to enhance significantly phagocytosis of Staphylococcus aureus: Non-specific adsorption of phagocytosis-promoting factors . Infect Immun 2:742-749, 1970;.
5 +
Laxdal T, Messner RP, Williams RC Jr, et al:  Opsonic, agglutinating and complement-fixing antibodies in patients with subacute bacterial endocarditis . J Lab Clin Med 71:638-653, 1968;.
6 +
Williams RC Jr, Dossett JH, Quie PG:  Comparative studies of immunoglobulin opsonins in osteomyelitis and other established infections . Immunology 17:249-265, 1969;.
7 +
Quie PG, Messner RP, Williams RC Jr.  Phagocytosis in subacute bacterial endocarditis: Localization of the primary opsonic site of Fc fragment . J Exper Med 128:553-570, 1968;.
8 +
Mudd S:  A successful parasite: Parasite-host interaction in infection by Staphylococcus aureus , in Mudd S (ed): Infectious Agents and Host Reactions . Philadelphia, WB Saunders Co, 1970;.
9 +
Forsgren A, Sjöquist J:  "Protein A" from S aureus: I. Pseudo-immune reaction with human γ-globulin . J Immunol 97:822-827, 1966;.
10 +
Kronvall G, Frommel D:  Definition of staphylococcal protein A reactivity for human immunoglobulin G fragments . Immunochem 7:124-127, 1970;.
11 +
Shayegani M, Hisatsune K, Mudd S:  Cell wall component which affects the ability of serum to promote phagocytosis and killing of Staphylococcus aureus . Infect Immun 2:750-756, 1970;.
12 +
Good RA, Finstad J, Gatti RA:  Bulwarks of the bodily defense , in Mudd S (ed): Infectious Agents and Host Reactions . Philadelphia, WB Saunders Co, 1970;, pp 76-114.
13 +
Mackaness GB:  The influence of immunologically committeed lymphoid cells on macrophage activity in vivo . J Exper Med 129:973-992, 1969;.
14 +
Mudd S, Taubler JH, Baker AG:  Delayedtype hypersensitivity to Staphylococcus aureus in human subjects . J Reticuloend Soc 8:493-498, 1970;
15 +
Rev Allergy 25:218, 1971;.
16 +
Lenhart N, Mudd S:  The staplylococcidal capability of rabbit macrophages . Proc Amer Soc Microbiol M276:110, 1971;.
17 +
Baker AG:  The treatment of chronic bronchial asthma . Amer Pract Dig Treat 9:591-598, 1958;.
18 +
Baker AG:  Staphylococcus bacteriophage lysate. Topical and parenteral use in allergic patients . Penn Med J 66:25-28, 1963;.
19 +
Salmon GG Jr, Symonds M:  Staphage lysate therapy in chronic staphylococcal infections . J Med Soc NJ 60:188-193, 1963;.
20 +
Mudd S, Gladstone GP, Lenhart NA:  The antigenecity in man of staphylococcal leucocidin toxoid, with notes on therapeutic immunization in chronic osteomyelitis . Brit J Exper Pathol 46:455-472, 1965;.

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