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Analytical Diagnosis of Pesticide Poisoning: Title and subTitle BreakCollection, Storage, and Shipment of Biological Samples FREE

Glenn Morrison, MD; William F. Durham, PhD
[+] Author Affiliations

Reprint requests to Perrine Primate Research Branch, Division of Pesticide Chemistry and Toxicology, Food and Drug Administration, PO Box 490, Perrine, Fla 33157 (Dr. Morrison).


JAMA. 1971;216(2):298-300. doi:10.1001/jama.1971.03180280052009
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Approximately 150 deaths a year in the United States are attributable to pesticide poisoning, with total morbidity reaching up to 100 times that number.1 Several sophisticated methods of analyzing biological samples for pesticides and their metabolic products have been developed in recent years. However, knowledge of the existence of these methods, of the sampling techniques required, and of the location of laboratories where the analyses may be performed has not been made generally available to the physician. The purpose of this communication is to bridge this gap so that the practicing physician can derive the most meaningful information from the analytical chemist.

General Considerations  First, the diagnosis must be made. Since several reports have dealt with various aspects of the diagnosis and treatment of acute pesticide intoxication,2-5 these will not be covered here. Of preeminence is the maintenance of a high index of suspicion.Once the diagnosis is

REFERENCES

Hayes WJ Jr:  Occurrence of poisoning by pesticides . Arch Environ Health 9:621-625 1964;.
Zavon MR:  Diagnosis and treatment of pesticide poisoning . Arch Environ Health 9:615-620, 1964;.
Hayes WJ, Jr:  Parathion poisoning and its treatment . JAMA 192:49-50, 1965;.
Johnstone RT:  Pesticide poisoning: Everyone's problem . GP 31:104-114, 1965;.
Wyckoff DW, et al:  Diagnostic and therapeutic problems of parathion poisoning . Ann Intern Med 68:875-882, 1968;.
Hayes WJ Jr: Clinical Handbook on Economic Poisons, No. 476. Public Health Service, US Government Printing Office, 1963.
Ecobichon DJ, Sasehenbrecker PW:  Dechlorination of DDT in frozen blood . Science 156:663-665, 1967;.
Witter RF:  Measurement of Blood Cholinesterase . Arch Environ Health 6: 537-563, 1963;.
Michel HO:  An electrometric method for the determination of red blood cell and plasma cholinesterase activity . J Lab Clin Med 34:1564-1568, 1949;.
Nabb DP, Whitfield F:  Determination of cholinesterase by an automated pH Stat method . Arch Environ Health 15: 147-154, 1967;.
Cranmer MF, Carroll JJ, Copeland MF:  Determination of DDT and metabolites, including DDA, in human urine by gas chromatography . Bull Environ Contam Toxic 4:214-223, 1969;.
Cranmer MF:  Analysis of p-nitrophenol in human urine . Bull Environ Contam Toxic 5:329-332, 1970;.
Quinby GE, Hayes WJ, Armstrong JF, et al:  DDT Storage in the US Population . JAMA 191:175-179, 1965;.
Jefferies DJ, Walker CH:  Uptake of p,p'-DDT and its postmortem breakdown in avian liver . Nature 212:533-534, 1966;.
Simmons SW:  The pesticides program activities of the Public Health Service . Public Health Rep 83:967-973, 1963;.
Bailey JB, Swift JE: Pesticide Information and Safety Manual . Berkeley University of California, Division of Agricultural Science, 1968;.

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Hayes WJ Jr:  Occurrence of poisoning by pesticides . Arch Environ Health 9:621-625 1964;.
Zavon MR:  Diagnosis and treatment of pesticide poisoning . Arch Environ Health 9:615-620, 1964;.
Hayes WJ, Jr:  Parathion poisoning and its treatment . JAMA 192:49-50, 1965;.
Johnstone RT:  Pesticide poisoning: Everyone's problem . GP 31:104-114, 1965;.
Wyckoff DW, et al:  Diagnostic and therapeutic problems of parathion poisoning . Ann Intern Med 68:875-882, 1968;.
Hayes WJ Jr: Clinical Handbook on Economic Poisons, No. 476. Public Health Service, US Government Printing Office, 1963.
Ecobichon DJ, Sasehenbrecker PW:  Dechlorination of DDT in frozen blood . Science 156:663-665, 1967;.
Witter RF:  Measurement of Blood Cholinesterase . Arch Environ Health 6: 537-563, 1963;.
Michel HO:  An electrometric method for the determination of red blood cell and plasma cholinesterase activity . J Lab Clin Med 34:1564-1568, 1949;.
Nabb DP, Whitfield F:  Determination of cholinesterase by an automated pH Stat method . Arch Environ Health 15: 147-154, 1967;.
Cranmer MF, Carroll JJ, Copeland MF:  Determination of DDT and metabolites, including DDA, in human urine by gas chromatography . Bull Environ Contam Toxic 4:214-223, 1969;.
Cranmer MF:  Analysis of p-nitrophenol in human urine . Bull Environ Contam Toxic 5:329-332, 1970;.
Quinby GE, Hayes WJ, Armstrong JF, et al:  DDT Storage in the US Population . JAMA 191:175-179, 1965;.
Jefferies DJ, Walker CH:  Uptake of p,p'-DDT and its postmortem breakdown in avian liver . Nature 212:533-534, 1966;.
Simmons SW:  The pesticides program activities of the Public Health Service . Public Health Rep 83:967-973, 1963;.
Bailey JB, Swift JE: Pesticide Information and Safety Manual . Berkeley University of California, Division of Agricultural Science, 1968;.
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