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ARTICLE |

Scanning Malignant Neoplasms With Gallium 67 FREE

C. Lowell Edwards, MD; Raymond L. Hayes, PhD
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JAMA. 1970;212(7):1182-1190. doi:10.1001/jama.1970.03170200048007
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Gallium has an affinity for some human as well as animal neoplasms. Carrier-free gallium citrate Ga 67 administered intravenously is localized in a variety of malignant tumors that can then be detected on scintiscans. Nonosseous as well as skeletal lesions can be seen, including some that are not otherwise detectable. No untoward effects were observed in 41 patients studied. Scans were abnormal in 23 patients with a variety of malignant neoplasms; reticulum cell sarcoma, lymphoblastoma, and poorly differentiated adenocarcinoma gave the most consistent results. The 18 patients in whom scans were normal included three patients with plasma cell myeloma, four with lymphocytoma, and five with Hodgkin's disease involving small retroperitoneal nodes. Gallium localization is greatest in viable tumor, less in fibrotic or necrotic tumor, and diminished by irradiation and effective chemotherapy. The mechanism is unknown.

REFERENCES

Edwards CL, Hayes RL:  Tumor scanning with 67Ga citrate . J Nucl Med 10:103-105, 1969;.
Hayes RL, Nelson B, Swartzendruber DC, et al:  Gallium-67 localization in rat and mouse tumors . Science 167:289-290, 1970;.
The Pharmacopeia of the United States of America , 17th revision. Easton, Pa, Mack Printing Co, 1965;, p 863.
Dudley HC:  Determination of gallium in biological material . J Pharmacol Exp Ther 95:482-486, 1949;.
Hayes RL:  Radioisotopes of gallium , in Andrews GA, Kniseley RM, Wagner HN (eds): Radioactive Pharmaceuticals , research and development report CONF65111 (publication 6 in AEC symposium series). Atomic Energy Commission, 1966;, pp 603-617.
Kniseley RM, Andrews GA, Edwards CL, et al:  Bone marrow and skeletal scanning . Radiol Clin N Amer 7:265-280, 1969;.
Dudley HC, Imirie GW, Istock JT:  Deposition of radiogallium (Ga72) in proliferating tissues . Radiology 55:571-578, 1950;.
Cavalieri RR, Scott KG:  Sodium selenite Se 75: A more specific agent for scanning tumors . JAMA 206:591-595, 1968;.
Hartman RE, Hayes RL:  Indium and gallium binding by blood serum . Fed Proc 27:838, 1968;.
Hunter WW, de Kock HW:  111In for tumor localization . J Nucl Med 10:343, 1969;.
Hartman RE, Hayes RL:  The blinding of gallium by blood serum . J Pharmacol Exp Ther 168:193-198, 1969;.

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Edwards CL, Hayes RL:  Tumor scanning with 67Ga citrate . J Nucl Med 10:103-105, 1969;.
Hayes RL, Nelson B, Swartzendruber DC, et al:  Gallium-67 localization in rat and mouse tumors . Science 167:289-290, 1970;.
The Pharmacopeia of the United States of America , 17th revision. Easton, Pa, Mack Printing Co, 1965;, p 863.
Dudley HC:  Determination of gallium in biological material . J Pharmacol Exp Ther 95:482-486, 1949;.
Hayes RL:  Radioisotopes of gallium , in Andrews GA, Kniseley RM, Wagner HN (eds): Radioactive Pharmaceuticals , research and development report CONF65111 (publication 6 in AEC symposium series). Atomic Energy Commission, 1966;, pp 603-617.
Kniseley RM, Andrews GA, Edwards CL, et al:  Bone marrow and skeletal scanning . Radiol Clin N Amer 7:265-280, 1969;.
Dudley HC, Imirie GW, Istock JT:  Deposition of radiogallium (Ga72) in proliferating tissues . Radiology 55:571-578, 1950;.
Cavalieri RR, Scott KG:  Sodium selenite Se 75: A more specific agent for scanning tumors . JAMA 206:591-595, 1968;.
Hartman RE, Hayes RL:  Indium and gallium binding by blood serum . Fed Proc 27:838, 1968;.
Hunter WW, de Kock HW:  111In for tumor localization . J Nucl Med 10:343, 1969;.
Hartman RE, Hayes RL:  The blinding of gallium by blood serum . J Pharmacol Exp Ther 168:193-198, 1969;.
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