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Effect of Smoking and Nicotine on Adrenocortical Secretion FREE

Alfred Kershbaum, MD; Douglas J. Pappajohn, PhD; Samuel Bellet, MD; Masami Hirabayashi, MD; Hassan Shafiiha, MD
[+] Author Affiliations

Read before the session on Therapeutics and Pharmacology of the Seventh Multidiscipline Research Forum during the 116th annual convention of the American Medical Association, Atlantic City, NJ, June 20, 1967.

Reprint requests to Philadelphia General Hospital, 34th St and Curie Ave, Philadelphia 19104 (Dr. Kershbaum).


JAMA. 1968;203(4):275-278. doi:10.1001/jama.1968.03140040027006
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The effect of tobacco smoking and nicotine administration on the secretory activity of the adrenal cortex was studied in man and in animals. In eight human subjects, there was a 27% to 77% rise in plasma 11-hydroxycorticosteroid (11-OHCS) concentrations after heavy cigarette smoking, compared to a normal diurnal fall during control observations with no smoking. In anesthetized dogs, nicotine administered intravenously resulted in a 64% rise in plasma corticosteroids. In rats, plasma corticosteroids concentrations increased 58% after intraperitoneal administration of nicotine, accompanied by an increase in the corticoid content of the adrenal glands and a decrease in their cholesterol content. It is suggested that this stimulation of adrenocortical activity is due to enhanced corticotropin release resulting from a nicotine-induced increase in sympathetic and catecholamine activity. Because of the physiological and pathological importance of adrenocortical hormones, their broad use as therapeutic agents, and their relationship to lipoprotein synthesis, the effect of cigarette smoking on adrenocortical secretion must be seriously regarded.

REFERENCES

Silvette, H.; Larson, P.S.; and Haag, H.B.:  Action of Nicotine and Tobacco-Smoking on the Adrenal Medulla , Arch Intern Med 107:915-931 ( (June) ) 1961;.
Kershbaum, A.: " Smoking and Atherosclerosis ," in Brest, A.N., and Moyer, J.H. (eds.): Atherosclerotic Vascular Disease , New York: Appleton-Century-Crofts, Inc., 1967;, pp 88-105.
Hokfelt, B.:  The Effect of Smoking on the Production of Adreno-Cortical Hormones , Acta Med Scand 170 ( (suppl 369) ):123-124 (June) 1961;.
Larson. P.S.; Haag, H.B.; and Silvette, H.: Tobacco: Experimental and Clinical Studies , Baltimore: Williams & Wilkins Co., 1961;, pp 367-368.
Barrett, A.M.:  The Role of Plasma Free Fatty Acids in the Elevation of Plasma Cholesterol and Phospholipids Produced by Adrenaline , J Endocr 36:301-316 ( (March) ) 1966;.
Mattingly, D.:  A Simple Fluorimetric Method for the Estimation of Free 11-Hydroxycorticoids in Human Plasma , J Clin Path 15:374-379 ( (April) ) 1962;.
Silber, R.H.: " Fluorimetric Analysis of Corticoids ," in D. Glick (ed.): Methods of Biochemical Analysis , London: Interscience Publishers, Ltd., 1966;, vol 14, pp 63-78.
Hycel Cholesterol Determination , Houston: Hycel, Inc., 1964;.
Sperry, W.M.. and Webb, M.:  A Revision of the Schoenheimer-Sperry Method for Cholesterol Determination . J Biol Chem 197:97-106 ( (Nov) ) 1950;.
Kershbaum. A., et al:  Effect of Cigarette, Cigar, and Pipe Smoking on Nicotine Excretion: The Influence of Inhaling , Arch Intern Med 120:311-314 ( (Sept) ) 1967;.
Maren, T.H.:  Pharmacology of Nicotine: Antipyretic, Renal, and Adrenocorticotrophic Effects , Proc Soc Exp Biol Med 77:521-523 ( (May) ) 1951;.
Venulet, F., and Majcherski, T.:  Disturbances in the Functions of the Suprarenal Gland Under the Influence of Tobacco Smoke , Pol Tyg Lek 10:6-7 ( (Jan) ) 1955;.
Lupu, N.G.; Velican, C.; and Mihalscu, C.: " Experimental Contribution Concerning the Role of the Nervous System in the Regulation of the Corticoadrenal Secretory Response to the Action of Tobacco Smoke ," in Proceedings of the Medical Science Section of the Rumanian Academy , (Jan 22) -24, 1954;, pp 141-168.
De Moor, P., et al:  Fluorimetric Determination of Free Plasma 11-Hydroxycorticosteroids in Man , Acta Endocr 33:297-307 ( (Feb) ) 1960;.
Dorfman, R.I.: " Steroid Hormone Biosynthesis ," in G. Popjak (ed.): Biosynthesis of Lipids , London: Pergamon Press, Ltd., 1963;, pp 335-346.
Vogt, M.:  Cortical Secretion of the Isolated Perfused Adrenal , J Physiol 113:129-156 ( (Feb) ) 1951;.
Maren, T.H., and Bodian. D.:  Effect of Neurohypophysectomy on Antidiuretic Activity of Substituted 3-Hydroxycinchoninic Acids in the Rat , Amer J Physiol 164:49-60 ( (Jan) ) 1951;.
Dury, A., and Moss, L.D.:  Effect of Small Doses of Cortisone on Lipid Metabolism and Retardation of Atherosclerosis: Probable Mechanism of Action . J Geront 13:144-160 ( (Feb) ) 1958;.
Adlersberg, D.; Stricker, J.; and Himes, H.:  Hazard of Corticotropin and Cortisone Therapy in Patients With Hypercholesteremia , JAMA 159:1731-1734 ( (Dec 31) ) 1955;.
Kershbaum, A.; Bellet, S.; and Khorsandian:  Elevation of Serum Cholesterol After Administration of Nicotine , Amer Heart J 69:206-212 ( (March) ) 1965;.

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Silvette, H.; Larson, P.S.; and Haag, H.B.:  Action of Nicotine and Tobacco-Smoking on the Adrenal Medulla , Arch Intern Med 107:915-931 ( (June) ) 1961;.
Kershbaum, A.: " Smoking and Atherosclerosis ," in Brest, A.N., and Moyer, J.H. (eds.): Atherosclerotic Vascular Disease , New York: Appleton-Century-Crofts, Inc., 1967;, pp 88-105.
Hokfelt, B.:  The Effect of Smoking on the Production of Adreno-Cortical Hormones , Acta Med Scand 170 ( (suppl 369) ):123-124 (June) 1961;.
Larson. P.S.; Haag, H.B.; and Silvette, H.: Tobacco: Experimental and Clinical Studies , Baltimore: Williams & Wilkins Co., 1961;, pp 367-368.
Barrett, A.M.:  The Role of Plasma Free Fatty Acids in the Elevation of Plasma Cholesterol and Phospholipids Produced by Adrenaline , J Endocr 36:301-316 ( (March) ) 1966;.
Mattingly, D.:  A Simple Fluorimetric Method for the Estimation of Free 11-Hydroxycorticoids in Human Plasma , J Clin Path 15:374-379 ( (April) ) 1962;.
Silber, R.H.: " Fluorimetric Analysis of Corticoids ," in D. Glick (ed.): Methods of Biochemical Analysis , London: Interscience Publishers, Ltd., 1966;, vol 14, pp 63-78.
Hycel Cholesterol Determination , Houston: Hycel, Inc., 1964;.
Sperry, W.M.. and Webb, M.:  A Revision of the Schoenheimer-Sperry Method for Cholesterol Determination . J Biol Chem 197:97-106 ( (Nov) ) 1950;.
Kershbaum. A., et al:  Effect of Cigarette, Cigar, and Pipe Smoking on Nicotine Excretion: The Influence of Inhaling , Arch Intern Med 120:311-314 ( (Sept) ) 1967;.
Maren, T.H.:  Pharmacology of Nicotine: Antipyretic, Renal, and Adrenocorticotrophic Effects , Proc Soc Exp Biol Med 77:521-523 ( (May) ) 1951;.
Venulet, F., and Majcherski, T.:  Disturbances in the Functions of the Suprarenal Gland Under the Influence of Tobacco Smoke , Pol Tyg Lek 10:6-7 ( (Jan) ) 1955;.
Lupu, N.G.; Velican, C.; and Mihalscu, C.: " Experimental Contribution Concerning the Role of the Nervous System in the Regulation of the Corticoadrenal Secretory Response to the Action of Tobacco Smoke ," in Proceedings of the Medical Science Section of the Rumanian Academy , (Jan 22) -24, 1954;, pp 141-168.
De Moor, P., et al:  Fluorimetric Determination of Free Plasma 11-Hydroxycorticosteroids in Man , Acta Endocr 33:297-307 ( (Feb) ) 1960;.
Dorfman, R.I.: " Steroid Hormone Biosynthesis ," in G. Popjak (ed.): Biosynthesis of Lipids , London: Pergamon Press, Ltd., 1963;, pp 335-346.
Vogt, M.:  Cortical Secretion of the Isolated Perfused Adrenal , J Physiol 113:129-156 ( (Feb) ) 1951;.
Maren, T.H., and Bodian. D.:  Effect of Neurohypophysectomy on Antidiuretic Activity of Substituted 3-Hydroxycinchoninic Acids in the Rat , Amer J Physiol 164:49-60 ( (Jan) ) 1951;.
Dury, A., and Moss, L.D.:  Effect of Small Doses of Cortisone on Lipid Metabolism and Retardation of Atherosclerosis: Probable Mechanism of Action . J Geront 13:144-160 ( (Feb) ) 1958;.
Adlersberg, D.; Stricker, J.; and Himes, H.:  Hazard of Corticotropin and Cortisone Therapy in Patients With Hypercholesteremia , JAMA 159:1731-1734 ( (Dec 31) ) 1955;.
Kershbaum, A.; Bellet, S.; and Khorsandian:  Elevation of Serum Cholesterol After Administration of Nicotine , Amer Heart J 69:206-212 ( (March) ) 1965;.
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