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ARTICLE |

Induced Hypothermia is Not "Artificial Hibernation" FREE

Alfred R. Henderson, MD
[+] Author Affiliations

Reprint requests to 5208 Danbury Rd, Bethesda, Md 20014 (Dr. Henderson).


From the Division of Medical Sciences, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, DC.


JAMA. 1966;198(10):1074-1078. doi:10.1001/jama.1966.03110230090019
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The bleakness and chill of autumn evenings forewarns of the coming hostile winter season. Instinctively, a vast segment of the animal kingdom, unable to migrate to a more optimum biologic climate, prepares itself for survival. Through a variety of incredible methods, learned by each surviving species during millenniums of wintering experience, they prepare for their "winter sleep."

Almost every earthy aspect becomes a dormitory of sleeping creatures. The frozen earth appears barren and quiet though stocked with countless living forms. The life-and-death interspecies warfare of ordinary life temporarily ceases and natural foes slumber at close quarters beneath swamp mud, in the crevices of rocks, under the stiffened heaps of rotting vegetation and in dead wood. The carpenter ants burrow deeply into their microclimate chambers beneath tree bark and long tortuous tunnels deep in the earth become sleeping galleries for innumerable worms.

Larger and more highly developed members of the kingdom

REFERENCES

Henderson, A.R.:  Temple Fay, M.D., Unconformable Crusader and Harbinger of Human Refrigeration, 1895-1963 , J Neurosurg 20:627-634 ( (July) ) 1963;.
Prosser, C.L.: " Acclimation of Poikilothermic Vertebrates to Low Temperatures ," in Hannon, J.P., and Viereck, E. (eds.): Comparative Physiology of Temperature Regulation: Part I, Ft. Wainwright , Alaska: Arctic Aeromedical Laboratory, 1962;.
Keller, D.A.:  Neurologically Induced Physiological Resistance to Hypothermia , Ann NY Acad Sci 80:457-474 ( (Sept 14) ) 1959;.
Keller, D.A.: " Physiological Resistance to Cooling in Hypothermia ," in Hardy, J.D. (ed.): Temperature, Its Measurement and Control in Science and Industry , New York: Reinhold Publishing Corp., 1963;, pp 461-468.
Brody, S., and Procter, R.C.:  Relation Between Basal Metabolism and Mature Body Weight in Different Species of Mammals and Birds , Missouri Agri Exp Station Bull 166, 1960;, pp 89-101.
Ray, C.:  The Application of Bergmann's and Allen's Rules to the Poikilotherms , J Morph 106:85-91 ( (Jan) ) 1960;.
Brown, G.M.; Hatcher, J.D.; and Page, J.:  Temperature and Blood Flow in the Forearm of the Eskimo , J Appl Physiol 5:410-420 ( (Feb) ) 1953;.
Scholander, P.F., et al:  Metabolic Acclimation to Cold in Man , J Appl Physiol 12:1-8 ( (Jan) ) 1958;
Anderson, K.L., et al:  Physiological Fitness of Arctic Indians , J Appl Physiol 15:645-653 ( (July) ) 1960;.
Scholander, P.F., et al:  Cold Adaptation in the Australian Aborigines , J Appl Physiol 13:211-218 ( (Sept) ) 1958;.
Wulsin, F.R.: " Adaptation to Climate Among Non-European Peoples ," in Newburgh, L.H. (ed.): Physiology of Heat Regulation and the Science of Clothing , Philadelphia: W. B. Saunders, Co., 1949;.
Wyndham, C.H., and Morrison, J.F.:  Adjustment to Cold of Bushmen in the Kalahari Desert , J Appl Physiol 13:219-225 ( (Sept) ) 1958;.
Hall, M.:  On Hybernation , Philos Trans Roy Soc 122:335-360, 1832;.
Horvath, A.:  Beiträge zur Lehre über den winters chalf , Verh Phys Med Ges Wurzb 12:139-198, 1878;.
Walther, A.:  Beiträge zur Lehre von der tierischen warme , Virchow Arch Path Anat 25:414-418, 1862;.
Layman, C.P.: " Homeostasis in Hibernation ," in Hardy, J.D. (ed.): Temperature, Its Measurement in Science and Industry: Part III. Biology and Medicine , New York: Reinhold Publishing Corp., 1963;.
Mares, E.:  Experiences sur l'hibernation des mamiferes , C.R. Soc Bull 44:313-320, 1892;.
Layman, C.P., and Chatfield, P.O.:  Mechanisms of Arousal in the Hibernating Hamster , J Exper Zool 114:419-450, 1950;.
Benedict, F.G., and Lee, R.C.: Hibernation and Marmot Physiology , No. (497) , Washington, DC: Carnegie Institute, 1938;, p215.
Saissy, J.A.: Recherches Experimentales Anatomique, Clinique, etc sur la Physique des Animaux Mamiferes Hybernans, Notamment les Marmotes , Loirs, etc, Paris: Nicolle, 1808;.
Merzbacher, L.:  Allgemeine physiologie winterschlafes , Ergebn Physiol 3:214-258, 1904;.
Biewald, G.A., and Raths, P.:  Die chronotrope vaguswirkung auf das hamsterherz uter dem einfluss von winterschlaf und hypothermie , Pflueger Arch Ges Physiol 268:536-544, 1959;.
Freeman, W.J.: " A Critique of the Doctrine of Centers in Temperature Regulation ," in Hannon, J.P., and Viereck, E. (eds.): Neural Aspects of Temperature Regulation , Ft. Wainwright, Alaska: Arctic Aeromedical Laboratory, 1961;, pp 255-294.
Kroll, F.W.: " Gibt es einen humoralen schlafstoff im schlafhirn? " Deutsch Med Wschr 77:879-880, 1952;.
Layman, C.P., and Chatfield, P.O.:  Hibernation and Cortical Activity in the Woodchuck (Marmota monax) , Science 117:533-534 ( (May 5) ) 1963;.
Kayser, C: The Physiology of Natural Hibernation , New York: Pergamon Press, Inc., 1961;, p 197.
Hegnauer, A.H., and Angelakos, E.T.:  Excitable Properties of the Hypothermic Heart , Ann NY Acad Sci 80:336-347 ( (Sept 14) ) 1959;.
Tait, J.:  The Heart of Hibernating Animals , Amer J Physiol 59:467 ( (Feb) ) 1922;.
Dill, D.B., and Forbes, W.H.:  Respiratory and Metabolic Effects of Hypothermia , Amer J Physiol 132:685-697 ( (April) ) 1941;.
Layman, C.P., and O'Brien, R.C.:  Circulatory Changes in the 13-Lined Ground Squirrel During the Hibernating Cycle , Bull Mus Comp Zool 124:353, 1960;.

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Henderson, A.R.:  Temple Fay, M.D., Unconformable Crusader and Harbinger of Human Refrigeration, 1895-1963 , J Neurosurg 20:627-634 ( (July) ) 1963;.
Prosser, C.L.: " Acclimation of Poikilothermic Vertebrates to Low Temperatures ," in Hannon, J.P., and Viereck, E. (eds.): Comparative Physiology of Temperature Regulation: Part I, Ft. Wainwright , Alaska: Arctic Aeromedical Laboratory, 1962;.
Keller, D.A.:  Neurologically Induced Physiological Resistance to Hypothermia , Ann NY Acad Sci 80:457-474 ( (Sept 14) ) 1959;.
Keller, D.A.: " Physiological Resistance to Cooling in Hypothermia ," in Hardy, J.D. (ed.): Temperature, Its Measurement and Control in Science and Industry , New York: Reinhold Publishing Corp., 1963;, pp 461-468.
Brody, S., and Procter, R.C.:  Relation Between Basal Metabolism and Mature Body Weight in Different Species of Mammals and Birds , Missouri Agri Exp Station Bull 166, 1960;, pp 89-101.
Ray, C.:  The Application of Bergmann's and Allen's Rules to the Poikilotherms , J Morph 106:85-91 ( (Jan) ) 1960;.
Brown, G.M.; Hatcher, J.D.; and Page, J.:  Temperature and Blood Flow in the Forearm of the Eskimo , J Appl Physiol 5:410-420 ( (Feb) ) 1953;.
Scholander, P.F., et al:  Metabolic Acclimation to Cold in Man , J Appl Physiol 12:1-8 ( (Jan) ) 1958;
Anderson, K.L., et al:  Physiological Fitness of Arctic Indians , J Appl Physiol 15:645-653 ( (July) ) 1960;.
Scholander, P.F., et al:  Cold Adaptation in the Australian Aborigines , J Appl Physiol 13:211-218 ( (Sept) ) 1958;.
Wulsin, F.R.: " Adaptation to Climate Among Non-European Peoples ," in Newburgh, L.H. (ed.): Physiology of Heat Regulation and the Science of Clothing , Philadelphia: W. B. Saunders, Co., 1949;.
Wyndham, C.H., and Morrison, J.F.:  Adjustment to Cold of Bushmen in the Kalahari Desert , J Appl Physiol 13:219-225 ( (Sept) ) 1958;.
Hall, M.:  On Hybernation , Philos Trans Roy Soc 122:335-360, 1832;.
Horvath, A.:  Beiträge zur Lehre über den winters chalf , Verh Phys Med Ges Wurzb 12:139-198, 1878;.
Walther, A.:  Beiträge zur Lehre von der tierischen warme , Virchow Arch Path Anat 25:414-418, 1862;.
Layman, C.P.: " Homeostasis in Hibernation ," in Hardy, J.D. (ed.): Temperature, Its Measurement in Science and Industry: Part III. Biology and Medicine , New York: Reinhold Publishing Corp., 1963;.
Mares, E.:  Experiences sur l'hibernation des mamiferes , C.R. Soc Bull 44:313-320, 1892;.
Layman, C.P., and Chatfield, P.O.:  Mechanisms of Arousal in the Hibernating Hamster , J Exper Zool 114:419-450, 1950;.
Benedict, F.G., and Lee, R.C.: Hibernation and Marmot Physiology , No. (497) , Washington, DC: Carnegie Institute, 1938;, p215.
Saissy, J.A.: Recherches Experimentales Anatomique, Clinique, etc sur la Physique des Animaux Mamiferes Hybernans, Notamment les Marmotes , Loirs, etc, Paris: Nicolle, 1808;.
Merzbacher, L.:  Allgemeine physiologie winterschlafes , Ergebn Physiol 3:214-258, 1904;.
Biewald, G.A., and Raths, P.:  Die chronotrope vaguswirkung auf das hamsterherz uter dem einfluss von winterschlaf und hypothermie , Pflueger Arch Ges Physiol 268:536-544, 1959;.
Freeman, W.J.: " A Critique of the Doctrine of Centers in Temperature Regulation ," in Hannon, J.P., and Viereck, E. (eds.): Neural Aspects of Temperature Regulation , Ft. Wainwright, Alaska: Arctic Aeromedical Laboratory, 1961;, pp 255-294.
Kroll, F.W.: " Gibt es einen humoralen schlafstoff im schlafhirn? " Deutsch Med Wschr 77:879-880, 1952;.
Layman, C.P., and Chatfield, P.O.:  Hibernation and Cortical Activity in the Woodchuck (Marmota monax) , Science 117:533-534 ( (May 5) ) 1963;.
Kayser, C: The Physiology of Natural Hibernation , New York: Pergamon Press, Inc., 1961;, p 197.
Hegnauer, A.H., and Angelakos, E.T.:  Excitable Properties of the Hypothermic Heart , Ann NY Acad Sci 80:336-347 ( (Sept 14) ) 1959;.
Tait, J.:  The Heart of Hibernating Animals , Amer J Physiol 59:467 ( (Feb) ) 1922;.
Dill, D.B., and Forbes, W.H.:  Respiratory and Metabolic Effects of Hypothermia , Amer J Physiol 132:685-697 ( (April) ) 1941;.
Layman, C.P., and O'Brien, R.C.:  Circulatory Changes in the 13-Lined Ground Squirrel During the Hibernating Cycle , Bull Mus Comp Zool 124:353, 1960;.
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