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Effect of Fluorides on Hematopoietic System, Liver, and Thyroid Gland in Cattle FREE

Barth Hoogstratten, MD; Nicholas C. Leone, MD; J. LeGrande Shupe, DVM; Delbert A. Greenwood, PhD; Jacob Lieberman
[+] Author Affiliations

Reprint requests to Public Health Service Hospital, Baltimore, 21211 (Dr. Leone).


From the Department of Hematology, Mt. Sinai Hospital, New York (Dr. Hoogstratten), Public Health Service Hospital, Baltimore, Md (Dr. Leone), Animal Disease and Parasite Research Division of the Agricultural Research Service of the US Department of Agriculture (Dr. Shupe), departments of veterinary science (Dr. Shupe) and chemistry (Dr. Greenwood) Utah State University, Logan, and from the National Heart Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Md (Mr. Lieberman).


JAMA. 1965;192(1):26-32. doi:10.1001/jama.1965.03080140032008
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Thirty-two holstein-friesian heifers, divided into groups and fed 10, 25, 50, and 100 ppm sodium fluoride for approximately 71/2 years, were studied to determine the effect of fluoride on the hematopoietic system, liver, and thyroid gland. The composite and individual results of numerous detailed blood studies, identical to those used in evaluating the hematopoietic system in man, established that fluoride, fed daily in concentrations up to 100 ppm for more than seven years, (1) does not show gross, histological, or functional effects on the thyroid gland or liver; (2) does not produce significant changes in the serum calcium, phosphorus, or numerous other blood chemistries studied; (3) had a minimal blood effect in the form of a slightly higher total eosinophil count and a lower level of serum folic acid activity in the 100 ppm group; (4) does not produce anemia or detectable abnormalities of the bone marrow or otherwise affect the hematopoietic system.

REFERENCES

Mateer, J.C., et al:  Liver Function Tests: General Evaluation of Liver Function Tests and Appraisal of Comparative Sensitivity and Reliability of Newer Tests, With Particular Emphasis on Cephalin-Cholesterol Flocculation Test, Intravenous Hippuric Acid Test and Improved Bromsulphalein Test With New Normal Standard , JAMA 121:723-728 ( (March 6) ) 1943;.
Baker, H., et al:  Microbiologic Method for Detecting Folic Acid Deficiency in Man , Clin Chem 5:275-280, 1959;.
Ross, G.I.M.:  Vitamin B12 Assay in Body Fluids Using Euglena gracilia , J Clin Path 5:250-256, 1952;.
Ramsay, W.N.M.:  Determination of Iron in Blood Plasma or Serum , Biochem J 53:227-231, 1953;.
Ventura, S.:  Determination of Unsaturated Iron Binding Capacity of Serum , J Clin Path 5:271-274, 1952;.
Kaplow, L.S.:  Histochemical Procedure for Localizing and Evaluating Leukocyte Alkaline Phosphatase Activity in Smears of Blood and Marrow , Blood 10:1023-1029, 1955;.
Leffler, H.H.:  Determination of Protein-Bound Iodine , Amer J Clin Path 24:483-489, 1954;.
Albritton, E.C.: Standard Values in Blood , Philadelphia: W. B. Saunders Co., 1952;.
Ferguson, L.C; Irwin, M.R.; and Beach, B.A.:  On Variation in Blood Cells in Healthy Cattle , J Infect Dis 76:24-30 ( (Jan) -Feb) 1945;.
Spector, W.S.: Handbook of Biological Data , Philadelphia: W. B. Saunders Co., 1956;.
Shupe, J.L., et al:  Investigation of Certain Hepatic Functions of Dairy Animals Following Prolonged Ingestion of Fluorides , Arch Industr Health 21:348-349 ( (April) ) 1960;.
Leone, N.C.; Geever, E.F.; and Moran, N.C:  Acute and Subacute Toxicity Studies of Sodium Fluoride in Animals , Public Health Rep 71:459-467 ( (May) ) 1956;.
Leone, N.C., et al:  Effect of Fluoride on Thyroid Gland: Clinical Study , J Amer Dent Assoc 2:179 ( (Aug) ) 1964;.
McCay, C.M.:  Hemoglobin and Total Phosphorus in Blood of Cows and Bulls , J Dairy Sci 14:373, 1931;.
Byers, J.H.; Jones, I.R.; and Haag, J.R.:  Blood Hemoglobin Values in Dairy Cattle , J Dairy Sci 35:661, 1952;.
Schalm, O.W.: Veterinary Hematology , Philadelphia: Lea & Febiger, 1961;.
Clawson, A.B.:  Some Results on Blood Counting on Cattle , Amer Vet Rev 45:527, 1914;.
Winqvist, C.:  Morphology of Blood and Hemopoietic Organs in Cattle Under Normal and Some Experimental Conditions , Acta Anat (Suppl 21) : pp 1-157, 1954;.
Maynard, L.A.:  Animal Species That Feed Mankind: Role of Nutrition , Science 120:164-166 ( (July 30) ) 1964;.
Shupe, J.L., et al:  Effect of Fluorine on Dairy Cattle, II Clinical and Pathologic Effects , Amer J Vet Res 24:102, 964-979 ( (Sept) ) 1963;.

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Mateer, J.C., et al:  Liver Function Tests: General Evaluation of Liver Function Tests and Appraisal of Comparative Sensitivity and Reliability of Newer Tests, With Particular Emphasis on Cephalin-Cholesterol Flocculation Test, Intravenous Hippuric Acid Test and Improved Bromsulphalein Test With New Normal Standard , JAMA 121:723-728 ( (March 6) ) 1943;.
Baker, H., et al:  Microbiologic Method for Detecting Folic Acid Deficiency in Man , Clin Chem 5:275-280, 1959;.
Ross, G.I.M.:  Vitamin B12 Assay in Body Fluids Using Euglena gracilia , J Clin Path 5:250-256, 1952;.
Ramsay, W.N.M.:  Determination of Iron in Blood Plasma or Serum , Biochem J 53:227-231, 1953;.
Ventura, S.:  Determination of Unsaturated Iron Binding Capacity of Serum , J Clin Path 5:271-274, 1952;.
Kaplow, L.S.:  Histochemical Procedure for Localizing and Evaluating Leukocyte Alkaline Phosphatase Activity in Smears of Blood and Marrow , Blood 10:1023-1029, 1955;.
Leffler, H.H.:  Determination of Protein-Bound Iodine , Amer J Clin Path 24:483-489, 1954;.
Albritton, E.C.: Standard Values in Blood , Philadelphia: W. B. Saunders Co., 1952;.
Ferguson, L.C; Irwin, M.R.; and Beach, B.A.:  On Variation in Blood Cells in Healthy Cattle , J Infect Dis 76:24-30 ( (Jan) -Feb) 1945;.
Spector, W.S.: Handbook of Biological Data , Philadelphia: W. B. Saunders Co., 1956;.
Shupe, J.L., et al:  Investigation of Certain Hepatic Functions of Dairy Animals Following Prolonged Ingestion of Fluorides , Arch Industr Health 21:348-349 ( (April) ) 1960;.
Leone, N.C.; Geever, E.F.; and Moran, N.C:  Acute and Subacute Toxicity Studies of Sodium Fluoride in Animals , Public Health Rep 71:459-467 ( (May) ) 1956;.
Leone, N.C., et al:  Effect of Fluoride on Thyroid Gland: Clinical Study , J Amer Dent Assoc 2:179 ( (Aug) ) 1964;.
McCay, C.M.:  Hemoglobin and Total Phosphorus in Blood of Cows and Bulls , J Dairy Sci 14:373, 1931;.
Byers, J.H.; Jones, I.R.; and Haag, J.R.:  Blood Hemoglobin Values in Dairy Cattle , J Dairy Sci 35:661, 1952;.
Schalm, O.W.: Veterinary Hematology , Philadelphia: Lea & Febiger, 1961;.
Clawson, A.B.:  Some Results on Blood Counting on Cattle , Amer Vet Rev 45:527, 1914;.
Winqvist, C.:  Morphology of Blood and Hemopoietic Organs in Cattle Under Normal and Some Experimental Conditions , Acta Anat (Suppl 21) : pp 1-157, 1954;.
Maynard, L.A.:  Animal Species That Feed Mankind: Role of Nutrition , Science 120:164-166 ( (July 30) ) 1964;.
Shupe, J.L., et al:  Effect of Fluorine on Dairy Cattle, II Clinical and Pathologic Effects , Amer J Vet Res 24:102, 964-979 ( (Sept) ) 1963;.
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