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Ultrasound Diagnosis of Pericardial Effusion FREE

Harvey Feigenbaum, MD; John A. Waldhausen, MD; Lloyd P. Hyde, MD
[+] Author Affiliations

Reprint requests to 1100 W Michigan St, Indianapolis 46207 (Dr. Feigenbaum).


From the departments of medicine (Division of Cardiology) and surgery, and the Heart Research Center, Indiana University School of Medicine, and the Krannert Heart Research Institute, Marion County General Hospital, Indianapolis.


JAMA. 1965;191(9):711-714. doi:10.1001/jama.1965.03080090025006
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The differentiation between a large, dilated heart and pericardial effusion is essential but frequently difficult. The clinician must often resort to diagnostic procedures which offer some hazard to the patient. The use of reflected ultrasound was found to be a highly effective and simple method of making this differential diagnosis. In five dogs with artificially produced pericardial effusion it was noted that without pericardial fluid only one ultrasound echo was produced in the vicinity of the posterior heart wall. When fluid was introduced, one detected two echoes, one which moved with cardiac action, the posterior heart wall, and another which moved only with respiration, the pericardium. The space between the two signals represented the pericardial fluid. Subsequent clinical studies confirmed the accuracy, reliability, and simplicity of this diagnostic procedure.

REFERENCES

Wood, P.H.:  Diagnosis of Pericardial Effusion by Means of Cardiac Catheterization , Brit Heart J 13:574 ( (May) ) 1951;.
Stauffer, H.M., et al:  Gas and Opaque Contrast in Roentgenographic Diagnosis of Pericardial Disease , JAMA 172:1122-1126 ( (March 12) ) 1960;.
Levy, L., II, et al:  Angiocardiographic Confirmation of Pericardial Effusion , Amer Heart J 43:59-66 ( (Jan) ) 1952;.
O'Meallie, L.P.; Love, W.D.; and Burch, G.E.:  Differentiation of Massive Pericardial Effusion From Cardiac Dilation Using 1-131 Albumin , Amer Heart J 62:453-456 ( (Oct) ) 1961;.
Wagner, H.N., Jr.; McAfee, J.G.; and Mozley, J.M.:  Diagnosis of Pericardial Effusion by Radioisotopic Scanning , abstracted, Circulation 22:828 ( (Oct) ) 1960;.
Joyner, C.R., and Reid, J.M.:  Application of Ultrasound in Cardiology and Cardiovascular Physiology , Prog Cardiov Dis 5:482-497 ( (March) ) 1963;.
Edler, I., et al:  Mitral and Aortic Valve Movements Recorded by an Ultrasonic Echo Method: An Experimental Study , Acta Med Scand 170 ( (suppl 370) ):67-82, 1961;.
Effert, S.; Erkens, H.; and Grossebrockhoff, F.:  Ultrasonic Echo Method in Cardiological Diagnosis , Germ Med Mo 2:325 ( (Nov) ) 1957;.
Joyner, C.R.; Reid, J.M.; and Bond, J.P.:  Reflected Ultrasound in the Assessment of Mitral Valve Disease , Circulation 27: 503-511 ( (April) ) 1963;.
Edler, I., et al:  Movements of Heart Valves Recorded by Means of Ultrasound , Nord Med 64:1178 ( (Sept 15) ) 1960;.
Edler, I.:  Diagnostic Use of Ultrasound in Heart Disease , Acta Med Scand 308 ( (suppl) ):32-36, 1955;.
Edler, I., and Hertz, C.H.:  Use of Ultrasonic Reflectoscope for Continuous Recording of Movements of Heart Walls , Kungl Fysiogr Sallsk i Lund Forhandl 24:5, 1954;.

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Wood, P.H.:  Diagnosis of Pericardial Effusion by Means of Cardiac Catheterization , Brit Heart J 13:574 ( (May) ) 1951;.
Stauffer, H.M., et al:  Gas and Opaque Contrast in Roentgenographic Diagnosis of Pericardial Disease , JAMA 172:1122-1126 ( (March 12) ) 1960;.
Levy, L., II, et al:  Angiocardiographic Confirmation of Pericardial Effusion , Amer Heart J 43:59-66 ( (Jan) ) 1952;.
O'Meallie, L.P.; Love, W.D.; and Burch, G.E.:  Differentiation of Massive Pericardial Effusion From Cardiac Dilation Using 1-131 Albumin , Amer Heart J 62:453-456 ( (Oct) ) 1961;.
Wagner, H.N., Jr.; McAfee, J.G.; and Mozley, J.M.:  Diagnosis of Pericardial Effusion by Radioisotopic Scanning , abstracted, Circulation 22:828 ( (Oct) ) 1960;.
Joyner, C.R., and Reid, J.M.:  Application of Ultrasound in Cardiology and Cardiovascular Physiology , Prog Cardiov Dis 5:482-497 ( (March) ) 1963;.
Edler, I., et al:  Mitral and Aortic Valve Movements Recorded by an Ultrasonic Echo Method: An Experimental Study , Acta Med Scand 170 ( (suppl 370) ):67-82, 1961;.
Effert, S.; Erkens, H.; and Grossebrockhoff, F.:  Ultrasonic Echo Method in Cardiological Diagnosis , Germ Med Mo 2:325 ( (Nov) ) 1957;.
Joyner, C.R.; Reid, J.M.; and Bond, J.P.:  Reflected Ultrasound in the Assessment of Mitral Valve Disease , Circulation 27: 503-511 ( (April) ) 1963;.
Edler, I., et al:  Movements of Heart Valves Recorded by Means of Ultrasound , Nord Med 64:1178 ( (Sept 15) ) 1960;.
Edler, I.:  Diagnostic Use of Ultrasound in Heart Disease , Acta Med Scand 308 ( (suppl) ):32-36, 1955;.
Edler, I., and Hertz, C.H.:  Use of Ultrasonic Reflectoscope for Continuous Recording of Movements of Heart Walls , Kungl Fysiogr Sallsk i Lund Forhandl 24:5, 1954;.
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