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CLINICAL SCIENCE |

Infection With Artificially Propagated Eaton Agent (Mycoplasma pneumoniae): Title and subTitle BreakImplications for Development of Attenuated Vaccine for Cold Agglutinin-Positive Pneumonia

R. B. Couch, MD; T. R. Cate, MD; R. M. Chanock, MD
[+] Author Affiliations

Bethesda, Md

From the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health, Education, and Welfare.


JAMA. 1964;187(6):442-447. doi:10.1001/jama.1964.03060190058015
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IN RECENT YEARS there has been considerable progress in defining the etiology of atypical pneumonia. One of the important causes of this disease is the agent described by Eaton et al in 1944.1 This agent has been associated with cold agglutinin-positive atypical pneumonia in controlled epidemiologic investigations as well as in volunteer studies.2, 3 In addition, Eaton agent has been shown to cause febrile respiratory disease without pneumonia.4

Recently it has been shown that the Eaton agent is not a virus but a pleuropneumonia-like organism which can be cultivated on a cell-free artificial medium.5 The agent has been designated Mycoplasma pneumoniae.6

With the demonstration that this agent was a pleuropneumonia-like organism (Mycoplasma), it was of interest to determine if strains propagated on an agar medium could infect man. In order to test this possibility volunteers free of detectable antibody were inoculated with two strains of

REFERENCES

Eaton, M.D.; Meiklejohn, G.; and van Herick, W.:  Studies on Etiology of Primary Atypical Pneumonia. I. Filterable Agent Transmissable to Cotton Rats, Hamsters, and Chick Embryos , J Exp Med 79:649-668 ( (June) ) 1944;.
Chanock, R.M., et al:  Eaton Agent Pneumonia , JAMA 175:213-220 ( (Jan 21) ) 1961;.
Rifkind, D., et al:  Ear Involvement (Myringitis) and Primary Atypical Pneumonia Following Inoculation of Volunteers with Eaton Agent , Amer Rev Resp Dis 85:479-489 ( (April) ) 1962;.
Chanock, R.M., et al: " Biology and Ecology of Two Major Lower Respiratory Tract Pathogens-RS Virus and Eaton PPLO ," in Perspectives in Virology , M. Pollard, ed., New York: Harper and Row, 1963;, vol 3, pp 257-280.
Chanock, R.M.; Hayflick, L.; and Barile, M.F.:  Growth on Artificial Medium of Agent Associated with Atypical Pneumonia and Its Identification as PPLO , Proc Nat Acad Sci USA 48:41-49 ( (Jan) ) 1962;.
Chanock, R.M., et al:  Mycoplasma pneumoniae: Proposed Nomenclature for Atypical Pneumonia Organism (Eaton Agent) , Science 140:662 ( (May) ) 1963;.
Liu, C.:  Studies on Primary Atypical Pneumonia. I. Localization, Isolation, and Cultivation of Virus in Chick Embryos , J Exp Med 106:455-466 ( (Oct) ) 1957;.
Couch, R.B., et al:  Enteric Immunization with Adenoviruses 4 and 7 , Amer Rev Resp Dis 88 (pt (2) ):394-403 (Sept) 1963;.
Chanock, R.M., et al:  Growth of Eaton PPLO in Broth and Preparation of Complement Fixing Antigen , Proc Soc Exp Biol Med 110:884-889 ( (Aug) -Sept) 1962;.
Thomas, L., et al:  Studies on Primary Atypical Pneumonia: II. Observations Concerning Relationship of Non-Hemolytic Streptococcus to Disease , J Clin Invest 24: 227-240 ( (Mar) ) 1945;.
Feller, A.E., and Hilleman, M.R.: " Primary Atypical Pneumonia ," in Diagnostic Procedures for Virus and Rickettsial Diseases , New York: American Public Health Association, 1956;, pp 263-280.
Seigel, S.: Nonparametric Statistics , New York: McGraw-Hill Book Co., 1956;, pp 96, 202.
Mufson, M.A., et al:  Eaton Agent Pneumonia-Clinical Features , JAMA 178:369-374 ( (Oct 28) ) 1961;.
Commission on Acute Respiratory Diseases:  Cold Hemagglutinins in Primary Atypical Pneumonia and Other Respiratory Infections , Amer J Med Sci 208:742-750 ( (Dec) ) 1944;.
Yamamoto, R., and Adler, H.E.:  Characterization of Pleuropneumonia-Like Organisms of Avian Origin. I. Antigenic Analysis of Seven Strains and Their Comparative Pathogenicity for Birds , J Infect Dis 102:143-152 ( (March) April) 1958;.
Klieneberger, E., and Steabben, D.B.:  On Pleuro-Pneumonia-Like Organism in Lung Lesions of Rats, With Notes on Clinical and Pathological Features of Underlying Conditions , J Hyg (London) 37:143-152 ( (Jan) ) 1937;.
Somerson, N.L., et al:  Hemolysin Production as Aid in Identification and Quantitation of Eaton Agent (Mycoplasma Pneumoniae) , Amer J Hyg 77:122-128 ( (Jan) ) 1963;.
Clyde, W.A., Jr.:  Hemolysis in Identifying Eaton's Pleuro-Pneumonia-Like Organism , Science 139:55 ( (Jan 4) ) 1963;.
Chanock, R.M., et al:  Role of Mycoplasma in Human Respiratory Disease , Amer Rev Resp Dis 88 (pt (2) ):218-231 (Sept) 1963;.
Chu, H.: personal communication to the author.
Howell, E.J., and Jones, R.S.:  Factors Influencing Pathogenicity of Mycoplasma Arthritidis (PPLO) , Proc Soc Exp Biol Med 112:69-72 ( (Jan) ) 1963;.
Report of the Meeting on Contagious Bovine-Pneumonia , meeting report No. 1957/2, Agricultural Division of Food and Agricultural Organization of the United Nations, (April) , 1957;.
Report of the First Meeting of the Joint APO/OIE/ CCTA Expert Panel on Contagious Bovine Pleuro-pneumonia , meeting report AN1960/3, Food and Agricultural Organization of the United Nations, (March) , 1960;.

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Eaton, M.D.; Meiklejohn, G.; and van Herick, W.:  Studies on Etiology of Primary Atypical Pneumonia. I. Filterable Agent Transmissable to Cotton Rats, Hamsters, and Chick Embryos , J Exp Med 79:649-668 ( (June) ) 1944;.
Chanock, R.M., et al:  Eaton Agent Pneumonia , JAMA 175:213-220 ( (Jan 21) ) 1961;.
Rifkind, D., et al:  Ear Involvement (Myringitis) and Primary Atypical Pneumonia Following Inoculation of Volunteers with Eaton Agent , Amer Rev Resp Dis 85:479-489 ( (April) ) 1962;.
Chanock, R.M., et al: " Biology and Ecology of Two Major Lower Respiratory Tract Pathogens-RS Virus and Eaton PPLO ," in Perspectives in Virology , M. Pollard, ed., New York: Harper and Row, 1963;, vol 3, pp 257-280.
Chanock, R.M.; Hayflick, L.; and Barile, M.F.:  Growth on Artificial Medium of Agent Associated with Atypical Pneumonia and Its Identification as PPLO , Proc Nat Acad Sci USA 48:41-49 ( (Jan) ) 1962;.
Chanock, R.M., et al:  Mycoplasma pneumoniae: Proposed Nomenclature for Atypical Pneumonia Organism (Eaton Agent) , Science 140:662 ( (May) ) 1963;.
Liu, C.:  Studies on Primary Atypical Pneumonia. I. Localization, Isolation, and Cultivation of Virus in Chick Embryos , J Exp Med 106:455-466 ( (Oct) ) 1957;.
Couch, R.B., et al:  Enteric Immunization with Adenoviruses 4 and 7 , Amer Rev Resp Dis 88 (pt (2) ):394-403 (Sept) 1963;.
Chanock, R.M., et al:  Growth of Eaton PPLO in Broth and Preparation of Complement Fixing Antigen , Proc Soc Exp Biol Med 110:884-889 ( (Aug) -Sept) 1962;.
Thomas, L., et al:  Studies on Primary Atypical Pneumonia: II. Observations Concerning Relationship of Non-Hemolytic Streptococcus to Disease , J Clin Invest 24: 227-240 ( (Mar) ) 1945;.
Feller, A.E., and Hilleman, M.R.: " Primary Atypical Pneumonia ," in Diagnostic Procedures for Virus and Rickettsial Diseases , New York: American Public Health Association, 1956;, pp 263-280.
Seigel, S.: Nonparametric Statistics , New York: McGraw-Hill Book Co., 1956;, pp 96, 202.
Mufson, M.A., et al:  Eaton Agent Pneumonia-Clinical Features , JAMA 178:369-374 ( (Oct 28) ) 1961;.
Commission on Acute Respiratory Diseases:  Cold Hemagglutinins in Primary Atypical Pneumonia and Other Respiratory Infections , Amer J Med Sci 208:742-750 ( (Dec) ) 1944;.
Yamamoto, R., and Adler, H.E.:  Characterization of Pleuropneumonia-Like Organisms of Avian Origin. I. Antigenic Analysis of Seven Strains and Their Comparative Pathogenicity for Birds , J Infect Dis 102:143-152 ( (March) April) 1958;.
Klieneberger, E., and Steabben, D.B.:  On Pleuro-Pneumonia-Like Organism in Lung Lesions of Rats, With Notes on Clinical and Pathological Features of Underlying Conditions , J Hyg (London) 37:143-152 ( (Jan) ) 1937;.
Somerson, N.L., et al:  Hemolysin Production as Aid in Identification and Quantitation of Eaton Agent (Mycoplasma Pneumoniae) , Amer J Hyg 77:122-128 ( (Jan) ) 1963;.
Clyde, W.A., Jr.:  Hemolysis in Identifying Eaton's Pleuro-Pneumonia-Like Organism , Science 139:55 ( (Jan 4) ) 1963;.
Chanock, R.M., et al:  Role of Mycoplasma in Human Respiratory Disease , Amer Rev Resp Dis 88 (pt (2) ):218-231 (Sept) 1963;.
Chu, H.: personal communication to the author.
Howell, E.J., and Jones, R.S.:  Factors Influencing Pathogenicity of Mycoplasma Arthritidis (PPLO) , Proc Soc Exp Biol Med 112:69-72 ( (Jan) ) 1963;.
Report of the Meeting on Contagious Bovine-Pneumonia , meeting report No. 1957/2, Agricultural Division of Food and Agricultural Organization of the United Nations, (April) , 1957;.
Report of the First Meeting of the Joint APO/OIE/ CCTA Expert Panel on Contagious Bovine Pleuro-pneumonia , meeting report AN1960/3, Food and Agricultural Organization of the United Nations, (March) , 1960;.
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