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March 14, 1964, Vol 187, No. 11 >
CLINICAL SCIENCE | March 14, 1964

The Biological Effects of Laser Radiation: Title and subTitle BreakPotential laboratory uses are limitless, and applications for a high powered light source are manifold. Mutations of microscopic organisms may be produced by specific wavelengths and genetic changes studied in a more precise fashion

Capt Martin S. Litwin, USAR (MC)Lt Col ; Donald H. Glew, USA (MC)
[+] Author Affiliations

Washington, DC

Capt Litwin is Assistant Chief and Lt Col Glew is Chief of the Surgical Research Branch, US Army Medical Research and Development Command.


JAMA. 1964;187(11):842-847. doi:10.1001/jama.1964.03060240050013
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References

THE NECESSARY CONDITIONS for a quantum- radiation generator were first postulated by V. A. Fabrikant in his doctoral dissertation published by the Lebedev Institute in 1939.1 Actual construction of the first molecular oscillator or maser (Microwave Amplification by the Stimulated Emission of Radiation) was reported by Gordon and associates in 1954.2 In 1958, Schawlow and Townes3 further demonstrated the feasibility of extending the maser principle to shorter wavelengths in the visible light spectrum. In 1960, Maiman4 succeeded in inducing stimulated emission in a ruby crystal. This visible light or optical maser utilized the principle of Light Amplification by the Stimulated Emission of Radiation (laser).

Since Maiman's original work, extensive and concentrated research has resulted in the development of other types of laser crystals and other types of lasers, ie, the gaseous continuous wave or CW laser

REFERENCES

1 +
Soviet Maser and Laser Research,  AID Report 61-16, Science and Technology Section , Air Information Division , (Feb 15) , 1961;, pp 26.
2 +
Gordon, J.P.; Zeiger, H.J.; and Townes, C.H.:  Maser-New Type of Amplifier, Frequency Standard, and Spectrometer , Physical Rev 99:1264, 1955;.
3 +
Schawlow, A.L., and Townes, C.H.:  Infrared and Optical Masers , Physical Rev 112:1940, 1958;.
4 +
Maiman, T.H.:  Stimulated Optical Radiation in Ruby , Nature (London) 187:493 ( (Aug 6) ) 1960;.
5 +
Javan, A.; Bennett, W.R.; and Herricott, D.R.:  Population Inversion and Continuous Optical Maser Oscillation in Gas Discharge Containing He-Ne Mixture , Physical Rev 6:106, 1961;.
6 +
Ham, W.T., et al:  Optical Masers (Lasers) , Acta Opthal (Kobenhaun) (Suppl 76) p 60, 1963;.
7 +
Zaret, M.M., et al:  Ocular Lesions Produced by Optical Maser (Laser) , Science 134:1525, 1961;.
8 +
Zaret, M.M., et al:  Laser Photocoagulation of Eye , Arch Ophthal (Chicago) 69:97, 1963;.
9 +
Straub, H.W.: Protection of Human Eye from Laser Radiation , TR-1153, Harry Diamond Laboratories, Army Material Command, Washington 25, DC, (July 10) , 1963;, pp 15.
10 +
Fine, S., et al:  Some Effects of Laser Radiation on Skin of Syrian Hamster , Life Sci 1:30, 1963;.
11 +
Fine, S., et al:  Laser Radiation in Syrian Hamster , Skin 1:43, 1963;.
12 +
Goldman, L., et al:  Effect of Laser Beam on Skin , J Invest Derm 40:121, 1963;.
13 +
Goldman, L., et al:  Pathology of Effect of Laser Beam on Skin , Nature (London) 197:912, 1963;.
14 +
McGuff, P.E., et al:  Studies of Surgical Applications of Laser (Light Amplification by Stimulated Emission of Radiation) , Surg Forum 14:143, 1963;.
15 +
Koester, C.J., et al:  Experimental Laser Retina Coagulator , J Opt Soc Amer 52:607, 1962;.
16 +
Campbell, C.J.; Rittler, M.C.; and Koester, C.J.:  Optical Maser as Retinal Coagulator: Evaluation , Trans Amer Acad Ophthal Otolaryng 67:58, 1963;.
17 +
Kapany, N.S., et al:  Retinal Photocoagulation by Lasers , Nature (London) 199:146, 1963;.
18 +
Saks, N.M., and Roth, C.A.:  Ruby Laser as Microsurgical Instrument , Science 141:46, 1963;.
19 +
Malt, R.A., and Townes, C.H.:  Optical Masers in Biology and Medicine , New Eng J Med 269:1417, 1963;.
20 +
Solon, L.R.:  Occupational Safety With Laser (Optical Maser) Beams , Arch Environ Health (Chicago) 6:414, 1963;.
21 +
Solon, L.R.; Aronson, R.; and Gould, G.:  Physiological Implications of Laser Beams , Science 134:1506, 1961;.
22 +
Townes, C.H.:  Optical Masers and Their Possible Application in Biology , Biophys J 2:325, 1962;.

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1 +
Soviet Maser and Laser Research,  AID Report 61-16, Science and Technology Section , Air Information Division , (Feb 15) , 1961;, pp 26.
2 +
Gordon, J.P.; Zeiger, H.J.; and Townes, C.H.:  Maser-New Type of Amplifier, Frequency Standard, and Spectrometer , Physical Rev 99:1264, 1955;.
3 +
Schawlow, A.L., and Townes, C.H.:  Infrared and Optical Masers , Physical Rev 112:1940, 1958;.
4 +
Maiman, T.H.:  Stimulated Optical Radiation in Ruby , Nature (London) 187:493 ( (Aug 6) ) 1960;.
5 +
Javan, A.; Bennett, W.R.; and Herricott, D.R.:  Population Inversion and Continuous Optical Maser Oscillation in Gas Discharge Containing He-Ne Mixture , Physical Rev 6:106, 1961;.
6 +
Ham, W.T., et al:  Optical Masers (Lasers) , Acta Opthal (Kobenhaun) (Suppl 76) p 60, 1963;.
7 +
Zaret, M.M., et al:  Ocular Lesions Produced by Optical Maser (Laser) , Science 134:1525, 1961;.
8 +
Zaret, M.M., et al:  Laser Photocoagulation of Eye , Arch Ophthal (Chicago) 69:97, 1963;.
9 +
Straub, H.W.: Protection of Human Eye from Laser Radiation , TR-1153, Harry Diamond Laboratories, Army Material Command, Washington 25, DC, (July 10) , 1963;, pp 15.
10 +
Fine, S., et al:  Some Effects of Laser Radiation on Skin of Syrian Hamster , Life Sci 1:30, 1963;.
11 +
Fine, S., et al:  Laser Radiation in Syrian Hamster , Skin 1:43, 1963;.
12 +
Goldman, L., et al:  Effect of Laser Beam on Skin , J Invest Derm 40:121, 1963;.
13 +
Goldman, L., et al:  Pathology of Effect of Laser Beam on Skin , Nature (London) 197:912, 1963;.
14 +
McGuff, P.E., et al:  Studies of Surgical Applications of Laser (Light Amplification by Stimulated Emission of Radiation) , Surg Forum 14:143, 1963;.
15 +
Koester, C.J., et al:  Experimental Laser Retina Coagulator , J Opt Soc Amer 52:607, 1962;.
16 +
Campbell, C.J.; Rittler, M.C.; and Koester, C.J.:  Optical Maser as Retinal Coagulator: Evaluation , Trans Amer Acad Ophthal Otolaryng 67:58, 1963;.
17 +
Kapany, N.S., et al:  Retinal Photocoagulation by Lasers , Nature (London) 199:146, 1963;.
18 +
Saks, N.M., and Roth, C.A.:  Ruby Laser as Microsurgical Instrument , Science 141:46, 1963;.
19 +
Malt, R.A., and Townes, C.H.:  Optical Masers in Biology and Medicine , New Eng J Med 269:1417, 1963;.
20 +
Solon, L.R.:  Occupational Safety With Laser (Optical Maser) Beams , Arch Environ Health (Chicago) 6:414, 1963;.
21 +
Solon, L.R.; Aronson, R.; and Gould, G.:  Physiological Implications of Laser Beams , Science 134:1506, 1961;.
22 +
Townes, C.H.:  Optical Masers and Their Possible Application in Biology , Biophys J 2:325, 1962;.

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