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ARTICLE |

Adrenal Steroids and the Pattern of Metastases of Breast Cancer FREE

Paul Sherlock, M.D.; William H. Hartmann, M.D.
[+] Author Affiliations

Presented in part at the 15th Annual Cancer Symposium of the James Ewing Society, April 26, 1962.


New York City

Postdoctoral Research Fellow, American Cancer Society, 1960-62, Instructor in Medicine, Cornell University Medical College, Formerly Chief Resident in Medicine (Dr. Sherlock) and Formerly Chief Resident in Pathology (Dr. Hartmann) Memorial Hospital for Cancer and Allied Diseases and James Ewing Hospital.; From the Departments of medicine and pathology, Memorial Hospital for Cancer and Allied Diseases and James Ewing Hospital.


JAMA. 1962;181(4):313-317. doi:10.1001/jama.1962.03050300033007
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The patterns of metastases in breast carcinoma in 204 patients are analyzed retrospectively. Patients receiving additive steroids for disseminated breast carcinoma had a significant increase in metastases to the lungs, liver, heart, opposite breast, brain, and spleen and to the mucosa and submucosa of the gastroduodenum when compared to control patients with disseminated breast carcinoma not receiving adrenal steroids. Patients who had undergone hypophysectomy or adrenalectomy, or both, for breast carcinoma and who were receiving replacement adrenal steroids had a significant increase only in splenic metastases when compared to controls. The possible mechanisms for the increase in metastases in patients receiving adrenal steroids are discussed.

REFERENCES

Taylor, S. G.; Ayer, J. P.; and Morris, R. S.:  Cortical Steroids in Treatment of Cancer , JAMA 144:1058-1064 ( (Nov. 25) ) 1950;.
Pearson, O. H., et al.:  Management of Metastatic Mammary Cancer , JAMA 159:1701-1704 ( (Dec. 31) ) 1955;.
Anon:  Meeting of Subcommittee on Steroids and Cancer of American Medical Association (Editorials and Comments) , JAMA 146:655 ( (June 16) ) 1951;.
Iversen, H. G., and Hjort, G. H.:  Influence of Corticoid Steroids on Frequency of Spleen Metastases in Patients with Breast Cancer , Acta path et Microbiol, Scandinav , 44:205-212 ( (Feb.) ) 1958;.
Wolf, J., et al.:  Nitrogen Mustard and Steroid Hormones in Treatment of Inoperable Bronchogenic Carcinoma , Amer J Med 29:1008-1016 ( (Dec.) ) 1960;.
Hartmann, W. H., and Sherlock, P.:  Gastroduodenal Metastases from Carcinoma of Breast: Adrenal Steroid-Induced Phenomenon , Cancer 14:426-431 ( (March) -April) 1961;.
Warren, S., and Witham, E. M.:  Studies in Tumor Metastasis, II, Distribution of Metastases in Cancer of Breast , Surg Gynec Obstet 57:81-85 ( (July) ) 1933;.
Toolan, H. W.:  Growth of Human Tumors in Cortisone Treated Laboratory Animals: Possibility of Obtaining Permanently Transplantable Human Tumors , Cancer Res 13: 389-394 ( (May) ) 1953;.
Iversen, H. G.:  Influence of Cortisone on Frequency of Tumor Metastases , Acta Path Microbiol Scandinav 41:273-280 ( (April) ) 1957;.
Clawson, B. J., and Nerenberg, S. T.:  Effect of Large Doses of Cortisone upon Ability of Reticuloendothelial Cells to Phagocytose Streptococci , J Lab Clin Med 42:746-748 ( (Nov.) ) 1953;.
Stoerk, H. C., and Solotorovsky, M.:  Adrenal Cortical Activity in Relation to Lymphoid Tissue and Immune Bodies  (Abstr.) Amer J Path 26:708-709 ( (Aug.) ) 1950;.
Paget, S.:  Distribution of Secondary Growths in Cancer of Breast , Lancet 1:571-573 ( (March 23) ) 1889;.
Willis, R. A.: Pathology of Tumors , ed. 3, London: Butterworth & Co., Ltd., 1960;, pp. 179, 242.
Saphir, O., and Parker, M. L.:  Metastasis of Primary Carcinoma of Breast, with Special Reference to Spleen, Adrenal Glands and Ovaries , Arch Surg 42:1003-1018 ( (June) ) 1941;.
Spain, D. M.; Molumut, N.; and Haber, A.:  Biological Studies on Cortisone in Mice , Science 112:335-337 ( (Sept. 22) ) 1950;.
Baker, B. L.; Ingle, D. J.; and Li, C. H.:  Histology of Lymphoid Organs of Rats Treated with Adrenocorticotropin , Amer J Anat 88:313-339 ( (May) ) 1951;.
Bisel, H. F.; Wróblewski, F.; and LaDue, J. S.:  Incidence and Clinical Manifestations of Cardiac Metastases , JAMA 153:712-715 ( (Oct. 24) ) 1953;.
Baker, B. L.:  Comparison of Histological Changes Induced by Experimental Hyperadrenocorticalism and Inanition , Progr Hormone Res 7:331-373, 1952;.

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Taylor, S. G.; Ayer, J. P.; and Morris, R. S.:  Cortical Steroids in Treatment of Cancer , JAMA 144:1058-1064 ( (Nov. 25) ) 1950;.
Pearson, O. H., et al.:  Management of Metastatic Mammary Cancer , JAMA 159:1701-1704 ( (Dec. 31) ) 1955;.
Anon:  Meeting of Subcommittee on Steroids and Cancer of American Medical Association (Editorials and Comments) , JAMA 146:655 ( (June 16) ) 1951;.
Iversen, H. G., and Hjort, G. H.:  Influence of Corticoid Steroids on Frequency of Spleen Metastases in Patients with Breast Cancer , Acta path et Microbiol, Scandinav , 44:205-212 ( (Feb.) ) 1958;.
Wolf, J., et al.:  Nitrogen Mustard and Steroid Hormones in Treatment of Inoperable Bronchogenic Carcinoma , Amer J Med 29:1008-1016 ( (Dec.) ) 1960;.
Hartmann, W. H., and Sherlock, P.:  Gastroduodenal Metastases from Carcinoma of Breast: Adrenal Steroid-Induced Phenomenon , Cancer 14:426-431 ( (March) -April) 1961;.
Warren, S., and Witham, E. M.:  Studies in Tumor Metastasis, II, Distribution of Metastases in Cancer of Breast , Surg Gynec Obstet 57:81-85 ( (July) ) 1933;.
Toolan, H. W.:  Growth of Human Tumors in Cortisone Treated Laboratory Animals: Possibility of Obtaining Permanently Transplantable Human Tumors , Cancer Res 13: 389-394 ( (May) ) 1953;.
Iversen, H. G.:  Influence of Cortisone on Frequency of Tumor Metastases , Acta Path Microbiol Scandinav 41:273-280 ( (April) ) 1957;.
Clawson, B. J., and Nerenberg, S. T.:  Effect of Large Doses of Cortisone upon Ability of Reticuloendothelial Cells to Phagocytose Streptococci , J Lab Clin Med 42:746-748 ( (Nov.) ) 1953;.
Stoerk, H. C., and Solotorovsky, M.:  Adrenal Cortical Activity in Relation to Lymphoid Tissue and Immune Bodies  (Abstr.) Amer J Path 26:708-709 ( (Aug.) ) 1950;.
Paget, S.:  Distribution of Secondary Growths in Cancer of Breast , Lancet 1:571-573 ( (March 23) ) 1889;.
Willis, R. A.: Pathology of Tumors , ed. 3, London: Butterworth & Co., Ltd., 1960;, pp. 179, 242.
Saphir, O., and Parker, M. L.:  Metastasis of Primary Carcinoma of Breast, with Special Reference to Spleen, Adrenal Glands and Ovaries , Arch Surg 42:1003-1018 ( (June) ) 1941;.
Spain, D. M.; Molumut, N.; and Haber, A.:  Biological Studies on Cortisone in Mice , Science 112:335-337 ( (Sept. 22) ) 1950;.
Baker, B. L.; Ingle, D. J.; and Li, C. H.:  Histology of Lymphoid Organs of Rats Treated with Adrenocorticotropin , Amer J Anat 88:313-339 ( (May) ) 1951;.
Bisel, H. F.; Wróblewski, F.; and LaDue, J. S.:  Incidence and Clinical Manifestations of Cardiac Metastases , JAMA 153:712-715 ( (Oct. 24) ) 1953;.
Baker, B. L.:  Comparison of Histological Changes Induced by Experimental Hyperadrenocorticalism and Inanition , Progr Hormone Res 7:331-373, 1952;.
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