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PHYSIOLOGY OF THE MYOCARDIUM FREE

Richard J. Bing, M.D.; William H. Danforth, M.D.; Fred B. Ballard, M.D.
[+] Author Affiliations

Read before the Section on Pathology and Physiology at the 108th Annual Meeting of the American Medical Association, Atlantic City, June 11, 1959.


St. Louis

From the Department of Medicine, Wayne State University College of Medicine, and Washington University School of Medicine.


JAMA. 1960;172(5):438-444. doi:10.1001/jama.1960.03020050030009
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By catheterizing the coronary sinus it is possible to make chemical comparisons of the venous with the arterial blood in the coronary vessels of the human heart in situ. Metabolic studies by this technique have demonstrated the importance of fatty acids in the nutrition of the myocardium. By the introduction of microelectrodes into the interior of single cells from the myocardium, the atrioventricular node, and the ventricular conducting system it is possible to follow electric changes and ionic fluxes in small units. This method has thrown new light on the significance of potassium and oxygen and the mechanism of fibrillation and pulsus alternans. Comparable advances have been made in the chemistry of myocardial proteins, the basic pharmacology of the heart, the pathological physiology of ischemia and anoxia, and the metabolism of the myocardium in congestive failure or after infarction.

REFERENCES

Raab, W.:  Neurohormonal Factors in Origin and Treatment of Angina Pectoris , Ann. New York Acad. Sc. 64:528-532 ( (Nov. 16) ) 1956;.
Kako, K.; Choudhury, J. D.; and Bing, R. J.: Mechanism of Spontaneous Heart Failure in Heart-Lung Preparation, to be published.
Bing, R. J.; Choudhury, J. D.; Michal, G.; and Kako, K.:  Myocardial Metabolism , Ann. Int. Med. 49:1201-1215 ( (Nov.) ) 1958;.
Frederickson, D. S., and Gordon, R. S., Jr.:  Transport of Fatty Acids , Physiol. Rev. 38:585-630 ( (Oct.) ) 1958;.
Ballard, F. B.; Danforth, W. H.; and Bing, R. J.: Utilization of Fatty Acids by Myocardium, to be published.
Hogancamp, C. E.; Kardesch, M.; Danforth, W. H.; and Bing, R. J.:  Transmembrane Electrical Potentials in Ventricular Tachycardia and Fibrillation , Am. Heart J. 57: 214-222 ( (Feb.) ) 1959;.
Kardesch, M.; Hogancamp, C. E.; and Bing, R. J.:  Survival of Excitability, Energy Production, and Energy Utilization of Heart , Circulation 18:935-945 ( (Nov.) ) 1958;.
Gergely, J.:  Muscle Proteins and Energy Utilization , Ann. New York Acad. Sc. 72:538-554 ( (Feb. 6) ) 1959;.
Stutz, H.; Feigelson, E.; Emerson, J.; and Bing, R. J.:  Effect of Digitalis (Cedilanid) on Mechanical and Electrical Activity of Extracted and Nonextracted Heart Muscle Preparations , Circulation Res. 2:555-564 ( (Nov.) ) 1954;.
Wood, E. H., and Moe, G. K.:  Blood Electrolyte Changes in Heart-Lung Preparation with Special Reference to Effect of Cardiac Glycosides , Am. J. Physiol. 137:6-21 ( (Aug.) ) 1942;.
Blain, J. M.; Eddleman, E. E.; Siegel, A.; and Bing, R. J.:  Studies on Myocardial Metabolism: Effects of Lanatoside-C on Metabolism of Human Heart , J. Clin. Invest. 35:314-321 ( (March) ) 1956;.
Raab, W.:  Adrenergic-Cholinergic Control of Cardiac Metabolism and Function , in Advances in Cardiology , vol. 1, Basel, S. Karger AG., 1956;, p. 87.
Krayer, O., and Fuentes, J.:  Changes of Heart Rate Caused by Direct Cardiac Action of Reserpine , J. Pharmacol. & Exper. Therap. 123:145-152 ( (June) ) 1958;.
Michal, G.; Beuren, A.; Hogancamp, C. E.; and Bing, R. J.:  Effect of Interruption of Coronary Circulation on Metabolism of Arrested Heart , Am. J. Physiol. 195: 417-423 ( (Nov.) ) 1958;.
Cori, C. F.:  Regulation of Enzyme Activity in Muscle During Work: Enzymes: Units of Biological Structure and Function , In Cardiovascular Surgery: Studies in Physiology, Diagnosis, and Techniques, proceedings of the symposium held at the Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, March, 1955 , edited by C. R. Lam, Philadelphia, W. B. Saunders Company, 1955;.
Cori, G. T., and Cori, C. F.:  Disappearance of Hexosemonophosphate from Muscle Under Aerobic and Anaerobic Conditions , J. Biol. Chem. 107:5-14 ( (Oct.) ) 1934;.
Olson, R. E.:  Molecular Events in Cardiac Failure , editorial, Am. J. Med. 20:159-162 ( (Feb.) ) 1956;.
Bing, R. J.: Metabolism of Heart , in Harvey Lectures, New York, Academic Press, 1954;-1955, p. 27.

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Raab, W.:  Neurohormonal Factors in Origin and Treatment of Angina Pectoris , Ann. New York Acad. Sc. 64:528-532 ( (Nov. 16) ) 1956;.
Kako, K.; Choudhury, J. D.; and Bing, R. J.: Mechanism of Spontaneous Heart Failure in Heart-Lung Preparation, to be published.
Bing, R. J.; Choudhury, J. D.; Michal, G.; and Kako, K.:  Myocardial Metabolism , Ann. Int. Med. 49:1201-1215 ( (Nov.) ) 1958;.
Frederickson, D. S., and Gordon, R. S., Jr.:  Transport of Fatty Acids , Physiol. Rev. 38:585-630 ( (Oct.) ) 1958;.
Ballard, F. B.; Danforth, W. H.; and Bing, R. J.: Utilization of Fatty Acids by Myocardium, to be published.
Hogancamp, C. E.; Kardesch, M.; Danforth, W. H.; and Bing, R. J.:  Transmembrane Electrical Potentials in Ventricular Tachycardia and Fibrillation , Am. Heart J. 57: 214-222 ( (Feb.) ) 1959;.
Kardesch, M.; Hogancamp, C. E.; and Bing, R. J.:  Survival of Excitability, Energy Production, and Energy Utilization of Heart , Circulation 18:935-945 ( (Nov.) ) 1958;.
Gergely, J.:  Muscle Proteins and Energy Utilization , Ann. New York Acad. Sc. 72:538-554 ( (Feb. 6) ) 1959;.
Stutz, H.; Feigelson, E.; Emerson, J.; and Bing, R. J.:  Effect of Digitalis (Cedilanid) on Mechanical and Electrical Activity of Extracted and Nonextracted Heart Muscle Preparations , Circulation Res. 2:555-564 ( (Nov.) ) 1954;.
Wood, E. H., and Moe, G. K.:  Blood Electrolyte Changes in Heart-Lung Preparation with Special Reference to Effect of Cardiac Glycosides , Am. J. Physiol. 137:6-21 ( (Aug.) ) 1942;.
Blain, J. M.; Eddleman, E. E.; Siegel, A.; and Bing, R. J.:  Studies on Myocardial Metabolism: Effects of Lanatoside-C on Metabolism of Human Heart , J. Clin. Invest. 35:314-321 ( (March) ) 1956;.
Raab, W.:  Adrenergic-Cholinergic Control of Cardiac Metabolism and Function , in Advances in Cardiology , vol. 1, Basel, S. Karger AG., 1956;, p. 87.
Krayer, O., and Fuentes, J.:  Changes of Heart Rate Caused by Direct Cardiac Action of Reserpine , J. Pharmacol. & Exper. Therap. 123:145-152 ( (June) ) 1958;.
Michal, G.; Beuren, A.; Hogancamp, C. E.; and Bing, R. J.:  Effect of Interruption of Coronary Circulation on Metabolism of Arrested Heart , Am. J. Physiol. 195: 417-423 ( (Nov.) ) 1958;.
Cori, C. F.:  Regulation of Enzyme Activity in Muscle During Work: Enzymes: Units of Biological Structure and Function , In Cardiovascular Surgery: Studies in Physiology, Diagnosis, and Techniques, proceedings of the symposium held at the Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, March, 1955 , edited by C. R. Lam, Philadelphia, W. B. Saunders Company, 1955;.
Cori, G. T., and Cori, C. F.:  Disappearance of Hexosemonophosphate from Muscle Under Aerobic and Anaerobic Conditions , J. Biol. Chem. 107:5-14 ( (Oct.) ) 1934;.
Olson, R. E.:  Molecular Events in Cardiac Failure , editorial, Am. J. Med. 20:159-162 ( (Feb.) ) 1956;.
Bing, R. J.: Metabolism of Heart , in Harvey Lectures, New York, Academic Press, 1954;-1955, p. 27.
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