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ARTICLE |

COMMON SENSE IN THE DIAGNOSTIC USE OF X-RAY FREE

Jarrell E. Miller, M.D.; Gerald E. Swindell, M.Sc.
[+] Author Affiliations

Read in the Symposium on Radiation Hazards before the Joint Meeting of the Section on Obstetrics and Gynecology and the Section on Radiology at the 107th Annual Meeting of the American Medical Association, San Francisco, June 24, 1958.


Dallas, Texas

From the departments of radiology, Baylor University Medical Center and the University of Texas, Southwestern Medical School.


JAMA. 1959;170(7):761-765. doi:10.1001/jama.1959.03010070001001
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The amount of exposure of a patient to ionizing radiation during diagnostic radiography was studied in a number of hospital patients. Measurements made on a wax phantom gave figures, in milliroentgens perfilm, for the dose of radiation received by the skin and by the gonads in various kinds of examination. Representative measurements on the phantom were then tested for accuracy by comparing them with corresponding measurements made on actual patients during examination of the urinary bladder and during pelvimetry. Agreement was sufficiently close to justify the continued use of the phantom for studies of exposure rates to ionizing radiation. The distinctions between one roentgen of local exposure and of whole-body radiation between irradiation of gonads and of the rest of the body and between somatic and genetic effects are emphasized. The danger of harm from the average diagnostic exposure to x-rays is insignificant compared with the danger of trying to practice medicine and surgery without their aid.

REFERENCES

Bythell, W. J. S., and Barclay, A. E.: X-ray Diagnosis and Treatment , London, Oxford Medical Publications, 1912;.
Rolleston, H.:  Effects of Radiations on Patients and Radiologists, and Protection , Brit. M. J. 2:9-13 ( (July 2) ) 1927;.
 Medical Irradiation—Professional Responsibility , editorial, J. Fac. Radiologists 8:217-219 ( (April) ) 1957;.
Biological Effects of Atomic Radiation, Report of Committee on Genetic Effects , National Academy of Sciences, National Research Council, 1956;.
Medical Research Council: Hazards to Man of Nuclear and Allied Radiations, London, Her Majesty's Stationery Office, 1956.
Deleted on proof.
Brucer, M.: Personal communication to the authors.
Stanford, R. W., and Vance, J.:  Quantity of Radiation Received by Reproductive Organs of Patients During Routine Diagnostic X-ray Examinations , Brit. J. Radiol. 28: 266-273 ( (May) ) 1955;.
Binks, W.:  Radiation Exposure of Staff in Diagnostic Procedures: III. Some Aspects of Radiation Hygiene , Brit. J. Radiol. 28:654-661 ( (Dec.) ) 1955;.
Martin, J. H.:  Radiation Doses to Gonads in Diagnostic Radiology and Their Relation to Long-Term Genetic Hazard , M. J. Australia 2:806-810 ( (Nov. 12) ) 1955;.
X-ray Protection, National Bureau of Standards, Handbook 60, U. S. Government Printing Office, 1955.
Coller, F. O.:  Debt of Surgery to Roentgenology , editorial, Am. J. Roentgenol. 75:391-393 ( (Feb.) ) 1956;.
Tievsky, G.:  Ionizing Radiation and Sense of Proportion , J. A. M. A. 166:1667-1671 ( (April 5) ) 1958;.
Stone, R. S.:  Common Sense in Radiation Protection Applied to Clinical Practice , Am. J. Roentgenol. 78:993-999 ( (Dec.) ) 1957;.

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Bythell, W. J. S., and Barclay, A. E.: X-ray Diagnosis and Treatment , London, Oxford Medical Publications, 1912;.
Rolleston, H.:  Effects of Radiations on Patients and Radiologists, and Protection , Brit. M. J. 2:9-13 ( (July 2) ) 1927;.
 Medical Irradiation—Professional Responsibility , editorial, J. Fac. Radiologists 8:217-219 ( (April) ) 1957;.
Biological Effects of Atomic Radiation, Report of Committee on Genetic Effects , National Academy of Sciences, National Research Council, 1956;.
Medical Research Council: Hazards to Man of Nuclear and Allied Radiations, London, Her Majesty's Stationery Office, 1956.
Deleted on proof.
Brucer, M.: Personal communication to the authors.
Stanford, R. W., and Vance, J.:  Quantity of Radiation Received by Reproductive Organs of Patients During Routine Diagnostic X-ray Examinations , Brit. J. Radiol. 28: 266-273 ( (May) ) 1955;.
Binks, W.:  Radiation Exposure of Staff in Diagnostic Procedures: III. Some Aspects of Radiation Hygiene , Brit. J. Radiol. 28:654-661 ( (Dec.) ) 1955;.
Martin, J. H.:  Radiation Doses to Gonads in Diagnostic Radiology and Their Relation to Long-Term Genetic Hazard , M. J. Australia 2:806-810 ( (Nov. 12) ) 1955;.
X-ray Protection, National Bureau of Standards, Handbook 60, U. S. Government Printing Office, 1955.
Coller, F. O.:  Debt of Surgery to Roentgenology , editorial, Am. J. Roentgenol. 75:391-393 ( (Feb.) ) 1956;.
Tievsky, G.:  Ionizing Radiation and Sense of Proportion , J. A. M. A. 166:1667-1671 ( (April 5) ) 1958;.
Stone, R. S.:  Common Sense in Radiation Protection Applied to Clinical Practice , Am. J. Roentgenol. 78:993-999 ( (Dec.) ) 1957;.
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