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ARTICLE |

MECHANISMS OF BILE SECRETION FREE

Ralph W. Brauer, Ph.D.
[+] Author Affiliations

Read in the Symposium on Modern Concepts of Intrahepatic Obstructive Jaundice before the Section on Gastroenterology and Proctology at the 107th Annual Meeting of the American Medical Association, San Francisco, June 25, 1958.


San Francisco

From the U. S. Naval Radiological Defense Laboratory.


JAMA. 1959;169(13):1462-1466. doi:10.1001/jama.1959.03000300058011
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The formation of bile in the liver is a complicated process. One group (A) of substances appears in bile in the same concentrations as in blood; this includes glucose and the chlorides of sodium and potassium. A second group (B) appears in bile concentrated as much as hundredfold; this group includes the bile salts, bile pigments, and certain test substances like sulfobromophthalein. A third group (C) is retained in the blood and appears in the bile only in very low concentrations, if at all. Groups A and B are controlled independently of each other, and substances of group B are transferred from blood to bile by an active secretory process. The transfer of sulfobromophthalein involves some active secretion, some storage, and some chemical conversion with other phenomena in addition. Since better understanding of these processes is essential to the interpretation of functional tests and the planning of treatment, further fundamental research is needed.

REFERENCES

Höber, R.:  Studies Concerning Nature of Secretory Activity of Isolated Ringer-Perfused Frog Liver: Differential Secretion of Pairs of Dyestuffs , J. Gen. Physiol. 23:185-190 ( (Nov.) ) 1939;.
Cook, D. L.; Lawler, C. A.; Calvin, L. D.; and Green, D. M.:  Mechanisms of Bile Formation , Am. J. Physiol. 171:62-74 ( (Oct.) ) 1952;.
Brauer, R. W.; Leong, G. F.; and Holloway, R. J.:  Mechanics of Bile Secretion: Effect of Perfusion Pressure and Temperature on Bile Flow and Bile Secretion Pressure , Am. J. Physiol. 177:103-112 ( (April) ) 1954;.
Brauer, R. W., and others, in Physiology of Induced Hypothermia: Proceedings of Symposium, Oct. 28-29, 1955 , edited by R. D. Dripps, Washington, D. C., Division of Medical Sciences, National Academy of Sciences-National Research Council, 1956;, p. 235.
References 3 and 4.
Leong, G. F.; Holloway, R. J.; and Brauer, R. W.:  Potassium Transfer from Plasma to Bile in Isolated Perfused Rat Liver , Fed. Proc. 16:316-317 ( (March) ) 1957;.
Liver Function, Symposium on Approaches to Quantitative Description of Liver Function , edited by R. W. Brauer, American Institute of Biological Science, Publication 4, 1958;.
Popper, H., and Schaffner, F.: Liver: Structure and Function , New York, Blakiston Company, 1957;, p. 392.
Andrews, W. H. H.; Maegraith, G. G.; and Wenyon, C. E. M.:  Studies on Liver Circulation: Micro-anatomy of Hepatic Circulation , Ann. Trop. Med. 43:229-237 ( (Oct.) ) 1949;.
Mendeloff, A. I.; Kramer, P.; Ingelfinger, F. J.; and Bradley, S. E.:  Studies with Bromsulfalein: Factors Altering Its Disappearance from Blood After Single Intravenous Injection , Gastroenterology 13:222-234 ( (Sept.) ) 1949;.
Krebs, J. S., and Brauer, R. W.:  Metabolism of Sulfobromophthalein Sodium (BSP) in Rat , Am. J. Physiol. 194:37-43 ( (July) ) 1958;.
Brauer, R. W.; Pessotti, R. L.; and Krebs, J. S.:  Distribution and Excretion of S35-Labeled Sulfobromophthalein-Sodium Administered to Dogs by Continuous Infusion , J. Clin. Invest. 34:35-43 ( (Jan.) ) 1955;.
Williams, W. L.:  Intravital Staining of Damaged Liver Cells: Use of Dyes in Study of Necrosis and Repair Following Acute Chemical Injury , Anat. Rec. 107:1-19 ( (May) ) 1950;.
Julian, L. M.; Krebs, J. S.; and Brauer, R. W.:  Liver Functions in Chick Embryo-Studies Involving S 35 BSP and P32 Cr PO, Colloid , Fed. Proc. 14:355-356 ( (March) ) 1955;.
Mills, M. A., and Dragstedt, C. A.:  Removal of Intravenously Injected Bromsulphalein from Bloodstream of Dog , Arch. Int. Med. 62:216-221 ( (Aug.) ) 1938;.
Shore, M. L., and Zilversmit, D. B.:  Effect of India Ink on Bromsulphalein Excretion, Phagocytosis, and Circulation in Liver , Am. J. Physiol. 177:436-440 ( (June) ) 1954;.
Andrews, W. H. H.; Maegraith, B. G.; and Richards, T. G.:  Effect upon Bromsulphalein Extraction of Rate and Distribution of Blood Flow in Perfused Canine Liver , J. Physiol. 131:669-677 ( (March 28) ) 1956;.
Brauer, R. W.; Shill, O. S.; and Krebs, J. S.:  Dependence of Biliary BSP Excretion on Route of Administration (Hepatic Artery or Portal Vein) , Fed. Proc. 16:284-285 ( (March) ) 1957;.
Edlund, Y., and Hanzon, V.:  Demonstration of Close Relationship Between Bile Capillaries and Sinusoid Walls , Acta anat. 17:105-111, 1953;.

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Höber, R.:  Studies Concerning Nature of Secretory Activity of Isolated Ringer-Perfused Frog Liver: Differential Secretion of Pairs of Dyestuffs , J. Gen. Physiol. 23:185-190 ( (Nov.) ) 1939;.
Cook, D. L.; Lawler, C. A.; Calvin, L. D.; and Green, D. M.:  Mechanisms of Bile Formation , Am. J. Physiol. 171:62-74 ( (Oct.) ) 1952;.
Brauer, R. W.; Leong, G. F.; and Holloway, R. J.:  Mechanics of Bile Secretion: Effect of Perfusion Pressure and Temperature on Bile Flow and Bile Secretion Pressure , Am. J. Physiol. 177:103-112 ( (April) ) 1954;.
Brauer, R. W., and others, in Physiology of Induced Hypothermia: Proceedings of Symposium, Oct. 28-29, 1955 , edited by R. D. Dripps, Washington, D. C., Division of Medical Sciences, National Academy of Sciences-National Research Council, 1956;, p. 235.
References 3 and 4.
Leong, G. F.; Holloway, R. J.; and Brauer, R. W.:  Potassium Transfer from Plasma to Bile in Isolated Perfused Rat Liver , Fed. Proc. 16:316-317 ( (March) ) 1957;.
Liver Function, Symposium on Approaches to Quantitative Description of Liver Function , edited by R. W. Brauer, American Institute of Biological Science, Publication 4, 1958;.
Popper, H., and Schaffner, F.: Liver: Structure and Function , New York, Blakiston Company, 1957;, p. 392.
Andrews, W. H. H.; Maegraith, G. G.; and Wenyon, C. E. M.:  Studies on Liver Circulation: Micro-anatomy of Hepatic Circulation , Ann. Trop. Med. 43:229-237 ( (Oct.) ) 1949;.
Mendeloff, A. I.; Kramer, P.; Ingelfinger, F. J.; and Bradley, S. E.:  Studies with Bromsulfalein: Factors Altering Its Disappearance from Blood After Single Intravenous Injection , Gastroenterology 13:222-234 ( (Sept.) ) 1949;.
Krebs, J. S., and Brauer, R. W.:  Metabolism of Sulfobromophthalein Sodium (BSP) in Rat , Am. J. Physiol. 194:37-43 ( (July) ) 1958;.
Brauer, R. W.; Pessotti, R. L.; and Krebs, J. S.:  Distribution and Excretion of S35-Labeled Sulfobromophthalein-Sodium Administered to Dogs by Continuous Infusion , J. Clin. Invest. 34:35-43 ( (Jan.) ) 1955;.
Williams, W. L.:  Intravital Staining of Damaged Liver Cells: Use of Dyes in Study of Necrosis and Repair Following Acute Chemical Injury , Anat. Rec. 107:1-19 ( (May) ) 1950;.
Julian, L. M.; Krebs, J. S.; and Brauer, R. W.:  Liver Functions in Chick Embryo-Studies Involving S 35 BSP and P32 Cr PO, Colloid , Fed. Proc. 14:355-356 ( (March) ) 1955;.
Mills, M. A., and Dragstedt, C. A.:  Removal of Intravenously Injected Bromsulphalein from Bloodstream of Dog , Arch. Int. Med. 62:216-221 ( (Aug.) ) 1938;.
Shore, M. L., and Zilversmit, D. B.:  Effect of India Ink on Bromsulphalein Excretion, Phagocytosis, and Circulation in Liver , Am. J. Physiol. 177:436-440 ( (June) ) 1954;.
Andrews, W. H. H.; Maegraith, B. G.; and Richards, T. G.:  Effect upon Bromsulphalein Extraction of Rate and Distribution of Blood Flow in Perfused Canine Liver , J. Physiol. 131:669-677 ( (March 28) ) 1956;.
Brauer, R. W.; Shill, O. S.; and Krebs, J. S.:  Dependence of Biliary BSP Excretion on Route of Administration (Hepatic Artery or Portal Vein) , Fed. Proc. 16:284-285 ( (March) ) 1957;.
Edlund, Y., and Hanzon, V.:  Demonstration of Close Relationship Between Bile Capillaries and Sinusoid Walls , Acta anat. 17:105-111, 1953;.
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