0
ARTICLE |

ESTROGEN RESIDUES IN MEAT-PUBLIC HEALTH ASPECTS FREE

George M. Briggs, Ph.D.
[+] Author Affiliations

Bethesda, Md.

From the Laboratory of Nutrition and Endocrinology, National Institutes of Health, Public Health Service, United States Department of Health, Education, and Welfare.


JAMA. 1957;164(13):1473-1476. doi:10.1001/jama.1957.62980130009012
Text Size: A A A
Published online

An important recent development in the food-producing industry is the administration of compounds with estrogenic activity to beef cattle and poultry to improve growth and feed efficiency. The practice is especially prevalent today in the beef cattle industry; it is estimated that several million beef cattle each year, or about two-thirds of all cattle in feed lots in the United States, are being treated with estrogenactive compounds. In addition, many millions of chickens and turkeys are being treated annually.

The widespread use of estrogens in livestock raising is largely a result of the established benefits: reported increases of as much as 20% in weight (averaging about 12%), earlier marketing, an average of about 10% saving in feed, and, often, improved carcass quality.1 Although the practice of "hormonizing" beef cattle started as recently as November, 1954, it is now firmly established and is understandably popular with feedmen. It is to

REFERENCES

Lorenz, F. W.:  Effects of Estrogens on Domestic Fowl and Applications in Poultry Industry , Vitamins and Hormones 12:235-275, 1954;.
Symposium on Medicated Feeds , edited by H. Welch and F. Martí-Ibañez, New York, Medical Encyclopedia, Inc., Publisher, 1956;.
Sykes, J. F., and others: Hormonal Relationships and Applications in Production of Meat, Milk, and Eggs , Publication 266, National Research Council, (March) , 1953;, pp. 1-53.
The Hormones, Physiology, Chemistry, and Applications , vol. 3, edited by G. Pincus, and K. V. Thimann, New York, Academic Press, Inc., 1955;.
Burrows, H.: Biological Actions of Sex Hormones , ed. 2, Cambridge, England, Cambridge University Press, 1949;.
Merker, P. C.; Edwards, L. D.; Andrews, F. N.; and Christian, J. E.:  Estrogenic Activity of Residues Obtained from Chickens Treated with Pellets of Diethylstilbestrol , Poultry Sci. 34:1118-1125 ( (Sept.) ) 1955;.
Stob, M.; Andrews, F. N.; Zarrow, M. X.; and Beeson, W. M.:  Estrogenic Activity of Meat of Cattle, Sheep, and Poultry Following Treatment with Synthetic Estrogens and Progesterone , J. Animal Sci. 13:138-151 ( (Feb.) ) 1954;.
Swift, C. E.:  Diethylstilbestrol Content of Tissues of Treated Steers, Lambs, and Poultry , Food Research 19:402-409 ( (July) -Aug.) 1954;.
Perry, T. W.; Beeson, W. M.; Andrews, F. N.; and Stob, M.:  Effect of Oral Administration of Hormones on Growth Rate and Deposition in Carcass of Fattening Steers , J. Animal Sci. 14:329-335 ( (May) ) 1955;.
Preston, R., and others:  Influence of Oral Administration of Diethylstilbestrol upon Estrogenic Residues in Tissues of Beef Cattle , J. Animal Sci. 15:3-12 ( (Feb.) ) 1956;.
Turner, C. W.:  Biological Assay of Beef Steer Carcasses for Estrogenic Activity Following Feeding of Diethylstilbestrol at Level of 10 Mg. per Day in Ration , J. Animal Sci. 15:13-24 ( (Feb.) ) 1956;.
Stob, M.; Perry, T. W.; Andrews, F. N.; and Beeson, W. M.:  Residual Estrogen in Tissues of Cattle Treated Orally with Diethylstilbestrol, Dienestrol, Hexestrol, and Chlortetracycline , J. Animal Sci. 15:997-1002 ( (Nov.) ) 1956;.
Braude, R.:  Stimulation of Growth in Pigs by Iodinated Casein and Stilbestrol , Brit. J. Nutrition 4:138-144, 1950;.
Beeson, W. M.; Andrews, F. N.; Perry, T. W.; and Stob, M.:  Effect of Orally Administered Stilbestrol and Testosterone on Growth and Carcass Composition of Swine , J. Animal Sci. 14:475-481 ( (May) ) 1955;.
Andrews, F. N.; Stob, M.; Perry, T. W.; and Beeson, W. M.:  Effect of Oral and Subcutaneous Estrogen and Androgen Administration on Growth and Carcass Quality of Lambs , J Animal Sci. 15:575-588 ( (May) ) 1956;.
Ellis, P. J.; Allen, C. E.; and Whiting, F.:  Synthetic Estrogen in Lambs: II. Diethylstilbestrol Content of Treated Lamb Tissues , Canad. J. Agr. Sci. 34:292-298 ( (May) -June) 1954;.
Veldhuis, A. H.:  Chemical Method for Determination of Estrogens in Plasma , J. Biol. Chem. 202:107-117 ( (May) ) 1953;.
Smith, G. V. S., in Textbook of Endocrinology , edited by R. H. Williams, Philadelphia, W. B. Saunders Co., 1950;,  chap. 6 , pp. 349-449.
Rubin, B. L.; Dorfman, A. S.; Black, L; and Dorfman, R. I.:  Bioassay of Estrogens Using Mouse Uterine Response , Endocrinology 49:429-439 ( (Oct.) ) 1951;.
Sohval, A. R., in Soffer, L. J.: Diseases of the Endocrine Glands , ed. 2, Philadelphia, Lea & Febiger, 1956;, pp. 591-663, 664-741.
Hueper, W. C.:  Recent Developments in Environmental Cancer: G. Dietary, Occupational, Cosmetic, and Medicinal Estrogens , A. M. A. Arch. Path. 58:508-510 ( (Nov.) ) 1954;.
Pieterse, P. J. S., and Andrews, F. N.:  Estrogenic Activity of Alfalfa and Other Feedstuffs , J. Animal Sci. 15:25-36 ( (Feb.) ) 1956;.
Bradbury, R. B., and White, D. E.:  Estrogens and Related Substances in Plants , Vitamins & Hormones 12:207-233, 1954;.
Hertz, R., and others:  Intravenous Administration of Massive Dosages of Estrogen to Human Subject: Blood Levels Attained , Proc. Soc. Exper. Biol. & Med. 72:187-191 ( (Oct.) ) 1949;.
Hueper, W. C.:  Potential Role of Non-nutritive Food Additives and Contaminants as Environmental Carcinogens , A. M. A. Arch. Path. 62:218-249 ( (Sept.) ) 1956;.
Hertz, R.:  Relationship Between Hormone-Induced Tissue Growth and Neoplasia: Review , Cancer Res. 11:393-397 ( (June) ) 1951;.
Lipschutz, A.: Steroid Hormones and Tumors , Baltimore, Williams & Wilkins Co., 1950;.
Burrows, H., and Horning, E. S.: Oestrogens and Neoplasia , Springfield, Ill., Charles C Thomas, Publisher, 1952;, pp. 1-189.
Endocrinology of Neoplastic Diseases , edited by G. H. Twombly, and G. T. Pack, New York, Oxford University Press, 1947;.
Hadlow, W. J.; Grimes, E. F.; and Jay, G. E., Jr.:  Stilbestrol-Contaminated Feed and Reproductive Disturbances in Mice , Science 122:643-644 ( (Oct. 7) ) 1955;.

First Page Preview

First page PDF preview

Figures

Tables

Interactive Graphics

Video

Country-Specific Mortality and Growth Failure in Infancy and Yound Children and Association With Material Stature

Use interactive graphics and maps to view and sort country-specific infant and early dhildhood mortality and growth failure data and their association with maternal

Lorenz, F. W.:  Effects of Estrogens on Domestic Fowl and Applications in Poultry Industry , Vitamins and Hormones 12:235-275, 1954;.
Symposium on Medicated Feeds , edited by H. Welch and F. Martí-Ibañez, New York, Medical Encyclopedia, Inc., Publisher, 1956;.
Sykes, J. F., and others: Hormonal Relationships and Applications in Production of Meat, Milk, and Eggs , Publication 266, National Research Council, (March) , 1953;, pp. 1-53.
The Hormones, Physiology, Chemistry, and Applications , vol. 3, edited by G. Pincus, and K. V. Thimann, New York, Academic Press, Inc., 1955;.
Burrows, H.: Biological Actions of Sex Hormones , ed. 2, Cambridge, England, Cambridge University Press, 1949;.
Merker, P. C.; Edwards, L. D.; Andrews, F. N.; and Christian, J. E.:  Estrogenic Activity of Residues Obtained from Chickens Treated with Pellets of Diethylstilbestrol , Poultry Sci. 34:1118-1125 ( (Sept.) ) 1955;.
Stob, M.; Andrews, F. N.; Zarrow, M. X.; and Beeson, W. M.:  Estrogenic Activity of Meat of Cattle, Sheep, and Poultry Following Treatment with Synthetic Estrogens and Progesterone , J. Animal Sci. 13:138-151 ( (Feb.) ) 1954;.
Swift, C. E.:  Diethylstilbestrol Content of Tissues of Treated Steers, Lambs, and Poultry , Food Research 19:402-409 ( (July) -Aug.) 1954;.
Perry, T. W.; Beeson, W. M.; Andrews, F. N.; and Stob, M.:  Effect of Oral Administration of Hormones on Growth Rate and Deposition in Carcass of Fattening Steers , J. Animal Sci. 14:329-335 ( (May) ) 1955;.
Preston, R., and others:  Influence of Oral Administration of Diethylstilbestrol upon Estrogenic Residues in Tissues of Beef Cattle , J. Animal Sci. 15:3-12 ( (Feb.) ) 1956;.
Turner, C. W.:  Biological Assay of Beef Steer Carcasses for Estrogenic Activity Following Feeding of Diethylstilbestrol at Level of 10 Mg. per Day in Ration , J. Animal Sci. 15:13-24 ( (Feb.) ) 1956;.
Stob, M.; Perry, T. W.; Andrews, F. N.; and Beeson, W. M.:  Residual Estrogen in Tissues of Cattle Treated Orally with Diethylstilbestrol, Dienestrol, Hexestrol, and Chlortetracycline , J. Animal Sci. 15:997-1002 ( (Nov.) ) 1956;.
Braude, R.:  Stimulation of Growth in Pigs by Iodinated Casein and Stilbestrol , Brit. J. Nutrition 4:138-144, 1950;.
Beeson, W. M.; Andrews, F. N.; Perry, T. W.; and Stob, M.:  Effect of Orally Administered Stilbestrol and Testosterone on Growth and Carcass Composition of Swine , J. Animal Sci. 14:475-481 ( (May) ) 1955;.
Andrews, F. N.; Stob, M.; Perry, T. W.; and Beeson, W. M.:  Effect of Oral and Subcutaneous Estrogen and Androgen Administration on Growth and Carcass Quality of Lambs , J Animal Sci. 15:575-588 ( (May) ) 1956;.
Ellis, P. J.; Allen, C. E.; and Whiting, F.:  Synthetic Estrogen in Lambs: II. Diethylstilbestrol Content of Treated Lamb Tissues , Canad. J. Agr. Sci. 34:292-298 ( (May) -June) 1954;.
Veldhuis, A. H.:  Chemical Method for Determination of Estrogens in Plasma , J. Biol. Chem. 202:107-117 ( (May) ) 1953;.
Smith, G. V. S., in Textbook of Endocrinology , edited by R. H. Williams, Philadelphia, W. B. Saunders Co., 1950;,  chap. 6 , pp. 349-449.
Rubin, B. L.; Dorfman, A. S.; Black, L; and Dorfman, R. I.:  Bioassay of Estrogens Using Mouse Uterine Response , Endocrinology 49:429-439 ( (Oct.) ) 1951;.
Sohval, A. R., in Soffer, L. J.: Diseases of the Endocrine Glands , ed. 2, Philadelphia, Lea & Febiger, 1956;, pp. 591-663, 664-741.
Hueper, W. C.:  Recent Developments in Environmental Cancer: G. Dietary, Occupational, Cosmetic, and Medicinal Estrogens , A. M. A. Arch. Path. 58:508-510 ( (Nov.) ) 1954;.
Pieterse, P. J. S., and Andrews, F. N.:  Estrogenic Activity of Alfalfa and Other Feedstuffs , J. Animal Sci. 15:25-36 ( (Feb.) ) 1956;.
Bradbury, R. B., and White, D. E.:  Estrogens and Related Substances in Plants , Vitamins & Hormones 12:207-233, 1954;.
Hertz, R., and others:  Intravenous Administration of Massive Dosages of Estrogen to Human Subject: Blood Levels Attained , Proc. Soc. Exper. Biol. & Med. 72:187-191 ( (Oct.) ) 1949;.
Hueper, W. C.:  Potential Role of Non-nutritive Food Additives and Contaminants as Environmental Carcinogens , A. M. A. Arch. Path. 62:218-249 ( (Sept.) ) 1956;.
Hertz, R.:  Relationship Between Hormone-Induced Tissue Growth and Neoplasia: Review , Cancer Res. 11:393-397 ( (June) ) 1951;.
Lipschutz, A.: Steroid Hormones and Tumors , Baltimore, Williams & Wilkins Co., 1950;.
Burrows, H., and Horning, E. S.: Oestrogens and Neoplasia , Springfield, Ill., Charles C Thomas, Publisher, 1952;, pp. 1-189.
Endocrinology of Neoplastic Diseases , edited by G. H. Twombly, and G. T. Pack, New York, Oxford University Press, 1947;.
Hadlow, W. J.; Grimes, E. F.; and Jay, G. E., Jr.:  Stilbestrol-Contaminated Feed and Reproductive Disturbances in Mice , Science 122:643-644 ( (Oct. 7) ) 1955;.
CME Course for:


You need to register in order to view this quiz.


To understand the clinical management of acute heart failure syndromes.
Accreditation Information The American Medical Association is accredited by the Accreditation Council for Continuing Medical Education to provide continuing medical education for physicians.
The AMA designates this journal-based CME activity for a maximum of 1 AMA PRA Category 1 CreditTM per course. Physicians should claim only the credit commensurate with the extent of their participation in the activity.
Physicians who complete the CME course and score at least 80% correct on the quiz are eligible for AMA PRA Category 1 CreditTM.
Note: You must get at least of the answers correct to pass this quiz.
Note: You must get at least of the answers correct to pass this quiz.
You have not filled in all the answers to complete this quiz
The following questions were not answered:
Sorry, you have unsuccessfully completed this CME quiz with a score of
The following questions were not answered correctly:
For CME Course: A Proposed Model for Initial Assessment and Management of Acute Heart Failure Syndromes
Indicate what changes(s) you will implement in your practice, if any, based on this CME course.
To view and print your certificate and access a summary of your CME courses go to My CME.
NOTE:
Citing articles are presented as examples only. In non-demo SCM6 implementation, integration with CrossRef’s “Cited By” API will populate this tab (http://www.crossref.org/citedby.html).
Submit a Comment

Some tools below are only available to our subscribers or users with an online account.

Related Content

Customize your page view by dragging & repositioning the boxes below.