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DRUG-INDUCED MOOD CHANGES IN MAN: Title and subTitle Break2. PERSONALITY AND REACTIONS TO DRUGS FREE

John M. von Felsinger, Ph.D.; Louis Lasagna, M.D.; Henry K. Beecher, M.D.
JAMA. 1955;157(13):1113-1119. doi:10.1001/jama.1955.02950300041009
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In an investigation in the anesthesia laboratory of the Harvard Medical School of mood and other psychological changes induced by a variety of drugs, an opportunity arose to correlate the personality of the subjects involved and the nature of their responses. This was of interest because of the likelihood that the preexisting mental state of a person would affect his psychological responses to drug stimulation. Our results support this assumption and are presented, despite the relatively small number of subjects involved, because of the scarcity of such data in the literature. They indicate profitable areas for further study.

METHODS

The subjects, drugs, and procedure for eliciting subjective responses are described in a previous paper by us. The volunteers were 20 healthy young males, aged 21 to 27 years, and were, with a few exceptions, college students. Psychological data on each subject consisted of an interview, which lasted from one to

REFERENCES

Lasagna, L.; von Felsinger, J. M., and Beecher, H. K.:  Drug-Induced Mood Changes in Man: 1. Observations on Healthy Subjects, Chronically Ill Patients, and "Postaddicts," J. A. M. A. 157: 1006( (March 19) ) 1955;.
Klopfer, B., and Kelley, D. M.: The Rorschach Technique, Yonkerson-Hudson , N. Y., World Book Company, 1946;.
Elizur, A.:  Content Analysis of the Rorschach with Regard to Anxiety and Hostility , J. Projective Techniques 13: 247( (Sept.) ) 1949;.
Phillips, L., and Smith, J. G.: Rorschach Interpretation: Advanced Technique , New York, Grune & Stratton, Inc., 1953;.
Lindemann, E., and Malamud, W.:  Experimental Analysis of Psychopathological Effects of Intoxicating Drugs , Am. J. Psychiat. 90: 853( (Jan.) ) 1934;.
Goodman, L., and Gilman, A.: The Pharmacological Basis of Therapeutics: A Textbook of Pharmacology , Toxicology and Therapeutics for Physicians and Medical Students, New York, the Macmillan Company, 1941;.
Sollman, T.: A Manual of Pharmacology and Its Application to Therapeutics and Toxicology , ed. 7, Philadelphia, W. B. Saunders Company, 1948;.
Salter, W. T.: A Textbook of Pharmacology: Principles and Application of Pharmacology to the Practice of Medicine , Philadelphia, W. B. Saunders Company, 1952;.
Meyer, H. H., and Gottlieb, R.: Experimental Pharmacology as a Basis for Therapeutics: A Textbook for Students and Physicians , ed. 2, translated by V. E. Henderson, Philadelphia, J. B. Lippincott Company, 1926;.
Cushny, A. R.: Pharmacology and Therapeutics , ed. 12, revised by C. W. Edmunds, and J. A. Gunn, Philadelphia, Lea & Febiger, 1940;.
Krantz, J. C., Jr., and Carr, C. J.: The Pharmacologic Principles of Medical Practice: A Textbook of Pharmacology and Therapeutics for Medical Students , Physicians, and the Members of the Professions Allied to Medicine, Baltimore, Williams & Wilkins Company, 1949;.
Wikler, A.:  Mechanisms of Action of Drugs that Modify Personality Function , Am. J. Psychiat. 108: 590( (Feb.) ) 1952;.
Lindemann, E., and Clarke, L. D.:  Modification in Ego Structure and Personality Reactions Under the Influence of the Effects of Drugs , Am. J. Psychiat. 108: 561( (Feb.) ) 1952;.
Bradley, C., and Bowen, M.:  Amphetamine (Benzedrine) Therapy of Children's Behavior Disorders , Am. J. Orthopsychiat. 11:92( (Jan.) ) 1941;.
Lasagna, L.; Mosteller, F.; von Felsinger, J. M., and Beecher, H. K.:  A Study of the Placebo Response , Am. J. Med. 16: 770( (June) ) 1954;.
Beecher, H. K.; Keats, A. S.; Mosteller, F., and Lasagna, L.:  The Effectiveness of Oral Analgesics (Morphine, Codeine, Acetylsalicylic Acid) and the Problem of Placebo "Reactors" and "Non-reactors," J. Pharmacol. & Exper. Therap. 109: 393( (Dec.) ) 1953;.
Lasagna, L., and von Felsinger, J. M.:  The Volunteer Subject in Research , Science 120:359( (Sept. 3) ) 1954;.
Hoch, P.:  Experimentally Produced Psychoses , Am. J. Psychiat. 107: 607( (Feb.) ) 1951;.
Meerloo, J.:  The Crime of Menticide , Am. J. Psychiat. 107:594( (Feb.) ) 1951;.
Beecher, H. K.:  Experimental Pharmacology and Measurement of the Subjective Response , Science 116: 157( (Aug. 15) ) 1952;.

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Lasagna, L.; von Felsinger, J. M., and Beecher, H. K.:  Drug-Induced Mood Changes in Man: 1. Observations on Healthy Subjects, Chronically Ill Patients, and "Postaddicts," J. A. M. A. 157: 1006( (March 19) ) 1955;.
Klopfer, B., and Kelley, D. M.: The Rorschach Technique, Yonkerson-Hudson , N. Y., World Book Company, 1946;.
Elizur, A.:  Content Analysis of the Rorschach with Regard to Anxiety and Hostility , J. Projective Techniques 13: 247( (Sept.) ) 1949;.
Phillips, L., and Smith, J. G.: Rorschach Interpretation: Advanced Technique , New York, Grune & Stratton, Inc., 1953;.
Lindemann, E., and Malamud, W.:  Experimental Analysis of Psychopathological Effects of Intoxicating Drugs , Am. J. Psychiat. 90: 853( (Jan.) ) 1934;.
Goodman, L., and Gilman, A.: The Pharmacological Basis of Therapeutics: A Textbook of Pharmacology , Toxicology and Therapeutics for Physicians and Medical Students, New York, the Macmillan Company, 1941;.
Sollman, T.: A Manual of Pharmacology and Its Application to Therapeutics and Toxicology , ed. 7, Philadelphia, W. B. Saunders Company, 1948;.
Salter, W. T.: A Textbook of Pharmacology: Principles and Application of Pharmacology to the Practice of Medicine , Philadelphia, W. B. Saunders Company, 1952;.
Meyer, H. H., and Gottlieb, R.: Experimental Pharmacology as a Basis for Therapeutics: A Textbook for Students and Physicians , ed. 2, translated by V. E. Henderson, Philadelphia, J. B. Lippincott Company, 1926;.
Cushny, A. R.: Pharmacology and Therapeutics , ed. 12, revised by C. W. Edmunds, and J. A. Gunn, Philadelphia, Lea & Febiger, 1940;.
Krantz, J. C., Jr., and Carr, C. J.: The Pharmacologic Principles of Medical Practice: A Textbook of Pharmacology and Therapeutics for Medical Students , Physicians, and the Members of the Professions Allied to Medicine, Baltimore, Williams & Wilkins Company, 1949;.
Wikler, A.:  Mechanisms of Action of Drugs that Modify Personality Function , Am. J. Psychiat. 108: 590( (Feb.) ) 1952;.
Lindemann, E., and Clarke, L. D.:  Modification in Ego Structure and Personality Reactions Under the Influence of the Effects of Drugs , Am. J. Psychiat. 108: 561( (Feb.) ) 1952;.
Bradley, C., and Bowen, M.:  Amphetamine (Benzedrine) Therapy of Children's Behavior Disorders , Am. J. Orthopsychiat. 11:92( (Jan.) ) 1941;.
Lasagna, L.; Mosteller, F.; von Felsinger, J. M., and Beecher, H. K.:  A Study of the Placebo Response , Am. J. Med. 16: 770( (June) ) 1954;.
Beecher, H. K.; Keats, A. S.; Mosteller, F., and Lasagna, L.:  The Effectiveness of Oral Analgesics (Morphine, Codeine, Acetylsalicylic Acid) and the Problem of Placebo "Reactors" and "Non-reactors," J. Pharmacol. & Exper. Therap. 109: 393( (Dec.) ) 1953;.
Lasagna, L., and von Felsinger, J. M.:  The Volunteer Subject in Research , Science 120:359( (Sept. 3) ) 1954;.
Hoch, P.:  Experimentally Produced Psychoses , Am. J. Psychiat. 107: 607( (Feb.) ) 1951;.
Meerloo, J.:  The Crime of Menticide , Am. J. Psychiat. 107:594( (Feb.) ) 1951;.
Beecher, H. K.:  Experimental Pharmacology and Measurement of the Subjective Response , Science 116: 157( (Aug. 15) ) 1952;.
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