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February 17, 1951, Vol 145, No. 7 >
Other Articles | February 17, 1951

JAPANESE B ENCEPHALITIS IN KOREA: Title and subTitle BreakTHE EPIDEMIC OF 1949

Lieut. Col. R. L. Hullinghorst, M. C.Major ; Kenneth F. Burns, V. C.; Young Tai Choi, M.D.Capt. ; L. R. Whatley, M. C.
[+] Author Affiliations

Brig. Gen. W. L. Roberts, Commanding General, Korean Military Advisory Group; Capt. Frederick C. Goetz, Medical Corps, and Dr. Kee Yong Lee, Seoul National University, aided in making this investigation possible.


United States Army; Seoul, Korea; Army of the United States

Chief, Bureau of Preventive Medicine, the Health Ministry, Seoul, Korea (Dr. Choi).; From the Department of Virus and Rickettsial Diseases, 406th Medical General Laboratory, APO 500, c/o Postmaster, San Francisco.


JAMA. 1951;145(7):460-466. doi:10.1001/jama.1951.02920250012003
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An epidemic of Japanese B encephalitis occurred during the summer months of 1949 in Korea. The present report concerns epidemiological, clinical and etiological studies pertaining to this outbreak. Because of the general inaccessibility of previous Korean and Japanese reports, a review of such literature pertaining to prior occurrence of the disease in Korea appears desirable.

HISTORY OF PREVIOUS ENCEPHALITIS IN KOREA  There are no Public Health records concerning previous instances of Japanese B encephalitis in Korea, because Japanese health authorities did not require that this disease be reported, hence, the only available information on its appearance is in periodic medical publications in the Japanese or Korean language. Prior to 1933 several cases of "summer encephalitis" were reported,1 but only a few are strongly suggestive of Japanese B encephalitis.An outbreak of encephalitis in epidemic proportions occurred in Korea during the summer months of 1934 and 1935 with clinical observations

REFERENCES

1 +
Konno, Y.:  Two Cases of Lethargic Epidemic Encephalitis , Gun idan zassi 148: 1293, 1925;.
2 +
Mizusima, H.; Im, M., and Sida, N.:  Three Cases of Lethargic Encephalitis , Tyosen igaku-kai zassi 57:631, 1925;.
3 +
Iwai, S.:  Lethargic Encephalitis , Tyosen igaku-kai zassi 78:538, 1927;.
4 +
Yosiwara, H.:  On Epidemic Encephalitis Observed in Keijo (Seoul) This Summer , Tyosen igaku-kai zassi 22:1036, 1932;.
5 +
Takai, T.:  On the So-Called Summer Encephalitis of Children , Zika zassi 404:93, 1934;
6 +
Zyodai syomika zassi 1:21, 1933;.
7 +
Taketani, G.; Nakamura, K., and Rin, S.:  On Epidemic Encephalitis Occurring in Keijo Area This Summer , Tokyo izi sinsi 2958:3088, 1935;.
8 +
Matuzaki, N.:  Cases of Encephalitis Lethargica Observed in Seoul This Summer , Rinsyo na'kagaku 3: 382, 1935;.
9 +
Siiba, Y., and Chun, C. H.:  On Epidemic Encephalitis or So-Called Summer Encephalitis Occurring in Seoul Last Summer , J. mansen no ikai 180: 1, 1935;.
10 +
Yanagiwara, D.:  Encephalitis Epidemic in P'yontaek District During the Summer of 1935 , Rinsyo nalkagaku 4:288, 1936;.
11 +
Nakamura, K.:  Considerations on Epidemiology of Summer Encephalitis in Korea , Naigai tiryo 11:811, 1936;.
12 +
Tusima, K.:  On Epidemic Encephalitis , Rinsyo naikagaku 6:308, 1938;.
13 +
Iwai, S.:  Acute Encephalitis , Rinsyo naikagaku 7:268, 1939;.
14 +
Hironaka, S.:  Epidemic Encephalitis Occurring in Seoul in 1949 , Zika zassi 46: 109, 1940;.
15 +
Kin, Y.:  On 11 Cases of Acute Encephalitis Hospitalized in This Clinic During the Summer of 1939 , Rinsyo naikagaku 8: 162, 1940;.
16 +
Sabin, A. B.; Schlesinger, R. W.; Ginder, D. R., and Matumoto, M.:  Japanese B Encephalitis in American Soldiers in Korea , Am. J. Hyg. 46:356-375, 1947;.
17 +
Deuel, R. E.; Bawell, M. B.; Matumoto, M., and Sabin, A. B.:  Status and Significance of Inapparent Infection with Virus of Japanese B En[ill]ephalitis in Korea and Okinawa in 1946 , Am. J. Hyg. 51:13-20, 1950;.
18 +
Burns, K. F.; Tigertt, W. D., and Matumoto, M.:  Japanese Equine Encephalomyelitis: 1947 Epizootic; II. Serological and Etiological Studies , Am. J. Hyg. 50:27-45, 1949;.
19 +
Casals, J., and Palacios, R.:  The Complement Fixation Test in the Diagnosis of Virus Infections of the Central Nervous System , J. Exper. Med. 74:409-426, 1941;.
20 +
Espana, C., and Hammon, W. McD.:  An Improved Benzene Extracted Complement Fixing Antigen for Certain Neurotropic Viruses , Proc. Soc. Exper. Biol. & Med. 66:101-102, 1947;
21 +
 An Improved Benzene Extracted Complement Fixing Antigen Applied to the Diagnosis of the Arthropod-Borne Virus Encephalitides , J. Immunol. 59:31-44, 1948;.
22 +
Hammon, W. McD.: Personal communication to the authors.
23 +
Sabin, A. B.; Ginder, D. R.; Matumoto, M., and Schlesinger, R. W.:  Serological Response of Japanese Children and Old People to Japanese B Encephalitis Mouse Brain Vaccine , Proc. Soc. Exper. Biol. & Med. 65: 135-140, 1947;.
24 +
Field Trial of Japanese B Encephalitis Vaccine in Okayama Prefecture , Annual Report, 406th Medical General Laboratory, Commission on Virus and Rickettsial Diseases, Army Epidemiological Board, Office of the Surgeon General, Department of the Army, Washington, D. C., 1948;, pp. 18-151.
25 +
Zimmerman, H. M.:  The Pathology of Japanese B Encephalitis , Am. J. Path. 22: 965-991 ( (Sept.) ) 1946;.
26 +
Haymaker, W., and Sabin, A. B.:  Topographic Distribution of Lesions in Central Nervous System in Japanese B Encephalitis: Nature of Lesions; Report of Case on Okinawa , Arch. Neurol. & Psychiat. 57:673-692 ( (June) ) 1947;.
27 +
Olitsky, P. E., and Casals, J., in Rivers, T. M.: Viral and Rickettsial Diseases of Man , Philadelphia, J. B. Lippincott Company, 1948;.
28 +
Sabin, A. B.:  Epidemic Encephalitis in Military Personnel: Isolation of Japanese B Virus on Okinawa in 1945; Serologic Diagnosis, Clinical Manifestations, Epidemiologic Aspects and Use of Mouse Brain Vaccine , J. A. M. A. 133:281-293 ( (Feb. 1) ) 1947;.
29 +
Sabin, A. B.; Schlesinger, R. W., and Ginder, D. R.:  Clinically Apparent and Inapparent Infection with Japanese B Encephalitis Virus in Shanghai and Tientsin , Proc. Soc. Exper. Biol. & Med. 65:183-187, 1947;.
30 +
Hodes, H. L.; Thomas, L., and Peck, J. L.:  Cause of an Outbreak of Encephalitis Established by Means of Complement Fixation Tests , Proc. Soc. Exper. Biol. & Med. 60: 220-225, 1945;.
31 +
Burns, K. F., and Matumoto, M.:  Survey of Animals for Inapparent Infection with the Virus of Japanese B. Encephalitis , Am. J. Vet. Research 10: 146-149, 1949;.
32 +
Arima, S.; Saito, K.; Takayama, Y.; Hironaka, N.; Ishii, K.; Honda, Y., and Kondo, K.:  On Susceptibility of Japanese Wild Birds for Japanese B Encephalitis Virus , Japan. Med. J. 1:4 and 282-288, 1948;.
33 +
Burns, K. F.:  Congenital Japanese B Encephalitis Infection of Swine , Proc. Soc. Exper. Biol. & Med. 75: 621, 1950;.

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1 +
Konno, Y.:  Two Cases of Lethargic Epidemic Encephalitis , Gun idan zassi 148: 1293, 1925;.
2 +
Mizusima, H.; Im, M., and Sida, N.:  Three Cases of Lethargic Encephalitis , Tyosen igaku-kai zassi 57:631, 1925;.
3 +
Iwai, S.:  Lethargic Encephalitis , Tyosen igaku-kai zassi 78:538, 1927;.
4 +
Yosiwara, H.:  On Epidemic Encephalitis Observed in Keijo (Seoul) This Summer , Tyosen igaku-kai zassi 22:1036, 1932;.
5 +
Takai, T.:  On the So-Called Summer Encephalitis of Children , Zika zassi 404:93, 1934;
6 +
Zyodai syomika zassi 1:21, 1933;.
7 +
Taketani, G.; Nakamura, K., and Rin, S.:  On Epidemic Encephalitis Occurring in Keijo Area This Summer , Tokyo izi sinsi 2958:3088, 1935;.
8 +
Matuzaki, N.:  Cases of Encephalitis Lethargica Observed in Seoul This Summer , Rinsyo na'kagaku 3: 382, 1935;.
9 +
Siiba, Y., and Chun, C. H.:  On Epidemic Encephalitis or So-Called Summer Encephalitis Occurring in Seoul Last Summer , J. mansen no ikai 180: 1, 1935;.
10 +
Yanagiwara, D.:  Encephalitis Epidemic in P'yontaek District During the Summer of 1935 , Rinsyo nalkagaku 4:288, 1936;.
11 +
Nakamura, K.:  Considerations on Epidemiology of Summer Encephalitis in Korea , Naigai tiryo 11:811, 1936;.
12 +
Tusima, K.:  On Epidemic Encephalitis , Rinsyo naikagaku 6:308, 1938;.
13 +
Iwai, S.:  Acute Encephalitis , Rinsyo naikagaku 7:268, 1939;.
14 +
Hironaka, S.:  Epidemic Encephalitis Occurring in Seoul in 1949 , Zika zassi 46: 109, 1940;.
15 +
Kin, Y.:  On 11 Cases of Acute Encephalitis Hospitalized in This Clinic During the Summer of 1939 , Rinsyo naikagaku 8: 162, 1940;.
16 +
Sabin, A. B.; Schlesinger, R. W.; Ginder, D. R., and Matumoto, M.:  Japanese B Encephalitis in American Soldiers in Korea , Am. J. Hyg. 46:356-375, 1947;.
17 +
Deuel, R. E.; Bawell, M. B.; Matumoto, M., and Sabin, A. B.:  Status and Significance of Inapparent Infection with Virus of Japanese B En[ill]ephalitis in Korea and Okinawa in 1946 , Am. J. Hyg. 51:13-20, 1950;.
18 +
Burns, K. F.; Tigertt, W. D., and Matumoto, M.:  Japanese Equine Encephalomyelitis: 1947 Epizootic; II. Serological and Etiological Studies , Am. J. Hyg. 50:27-45, 1949;.
19 +
Casals, J., and Palacios, R.:  The Complement Fixation Test in the Diagnosis of Virus Infections of the Central Nervous System , J. Exper. Med. 74:409-426, 1941;.
20 +
Espana, C., and Hammon, W. McD.:  An Improved Benzene Extracted Complement Fixing Antigen for Certain Neurotropic Viruses , Proc. Soc. Exper. Biol. & Med. 66:101-102, 1947;
21 +
 An Improved Benzene Extracted Complement Fixing Antigen Applied to the Diagnosis of the Arthropod-Borne Virus Encephalitides , J. Immunol. 59:31-44, 1948;.
22 +
Hammon, W. McD.: Personal communication to the authors.
23 +
Sabin, A. B.; Ginder, D. R.; Matumoto, M., and Schlesinger, R. W.:  Serological Response of Japanese Children and Old People to Japanese B Encephalitis Mouse Brain Vaccine , Proc. Soc. Exper. Biol. & Med. 65: 135-140, 1947;.
24 +
Field Trial of Japanese B Encephalitis Vaccine in Okayama Prefecture , Annual Report, 406th Medical General Laboratory, Commission on Virus and Rickettsial Diseases, Army Epidemiological Board, Office of the Surgeon General, Department of the Army, Washington, D. C., 1948;, pp. 18-151.
25 +
Zimmerman, H. M.:  The Pathology of Japanese B Encephalitis , Am. J. Path. 22: 965-991 ( (Sept.) ) 1946;.
26 +
Haymaker, W., and Sabin, A. B.:  Topographic Distribution of Lesions in Central Nervous System in Japanese B Encephalitis: Nature of Lesions; Report of Case on Okinawa , Arch. Neurol. & Psychiat. 57:673-692 ( (June) ) 1947;.
27 +
Olitsky, P. E., and Casals, J., in Rivers, T. M.: Viral and Rickettsial Diseases of Man , Philadelphia, J. B. Lippincott Company, 1948;.
28 +
Sabin, A. B.:  Epidemic Encephalitis in Military Personnel: Isolation of Japanese B Virus on Okinawa in 1945; Serologic Diagnosis, Clinical Manifestations, Epidemiologic Aspects and Use of Mouse Brain Vaccine , J. A. M. A. 133:281-293 ( (Feb. 1) ) 1947;.
29 +
Sabin, A. B.; Schlesinger, R. W., and Ginder, D. R.:  Clinically Apparent and Inapparent Infection with Japanese B Encephalitis Virus in Shanghai and Tientsin , Proc. Soc. Exper. Biol. & Med. 65:183-187, 1947;.
30 +
Hodes, H. L.; Thomas, L., and Peck, J. L.:  Cause of an Outbreak of Encephalitis Established by Means of Complement Fixation Tests , Proc. Soc. Exper. Biol. & Med. 60: 220-225, 1945;.
31 +
Burns, K. F., and Matumoto, M.:  Survey of Animals for Inapparent Infection with the Virus of Japanese B. Encephalitis , Am. J. Vet. Research 10: 146-149, 1949;.
32 +
Arima, S.; Saito, K.; Takayama, Y.; Hironaka, N.; Ishii, K.; Honda, Y., and Kondo, K.:  On Susceptibility of Japanese Wild Birds for Japanese B Encephalitis Virus , Japan. Med. J. 1:4 and 282-288, 1948;.
33 +
Burns, K. F.:  Congenital Japanese B Encephalitis Infection of Swine , Proc. Soc. Exper. Biol. & Med. 75: 621, 1950;.

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